nut in cae of doubt the German (© No par ofthis standard may be reproduced UDC 692.2 : 693.1/2 DEUTSCHE NORM February 1990 Reinforced masonry Design and construction Mauerwerk; bewehrtes Mauerwerk; Berechnung und Austihrung This standard, together with DIN 1053 Part 1, February 1980 edition, supersedes November 1974 edition. In keeping with current practice in standards published by the Internationa! Organization for Standardization (ISO), @ ‘comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker ‘This DIN 4058 series of standards Includes the following Parts: DIN 1053 Part 1 DIN 1053 Part 2 DIN 1053 Part 3 DIN 1053 Part 4 Masonry of prefabricated construction, Masonry of simplified deslan; design and construction Masonry designed on the basis of suitability tests; design and construction Reinforced masonry; design and construction Dimensions In ram Contents. Page 1. Scope and field of application . 2 Arrangement of reinforcement ... 3. Materials Masonry units ..... 32 Mortar .... 33. Concrete infill. 3.4 Reinforcing stee! 4 Design analysis 4.4 General 4.2 Load transmission £3. Bending, bending and coexistent iongitudinal force and longitudinal force alone ....... 4.1 Slenderess . 7 482 Design cross section 43. Design masonry strength . 4.94 Safely against buckling 44 Shear . 444 General 4.42 Racking shear 443. Shear in bending 45 Composite masonry construction 5. Reinforcement 6.1 General 52 Minimum reinforcement : 83. Ber spacing In members acing as plates 54 Anchorage 6. Corrosion protection 6A. Unprotected steal in mortar. 62 Unprotected steel in concrete . Daa ADARA ARBOUGBUTE BOO BUOBENN BS BREE onticial Copy Reqodiced wah pian of ra aot ‘iterrepueln ain oon of Ss ‘Bown Vorag Gn 0403 Tan Slandares (OINOTman) z 83 Protected steel 64 Corrosive media 7 Workmanship . TA General ee... 72. Minimum walling thickness 73. Bricklaying techniques . 74 Reinforcement .. 78 Cover .... 78 Grouting 8. On-site inspection and qualty testing Appendix A Requirements to be met by bricks and blocks intended for use in reinforced masonry ... ‘AA. Additional raquirements for masonry units AZ Shaped units ...-..ssere+ AZ1 General . ‘AZZ Determination of perforations proportion and compressive strength Units to receive harizontal reinforcement as In figure 2 ..... - Units to receive horizontal teinarcement as in figure 3 ...... : Units to receive vertical reinforcement as In figures 4 and § : AS Compressive strength classes .......... Ad Marking ... Appendix B_Spectications for masonry wall panels Standards and other documents referred to. A224 A222 A223 Continued on pages 2 to 8 DIN 1059 Part Engi. Price group 6 Sales No. O15Page 2 DIN 1083 Part 3 1 Scope and field of application This standard specifies principles for the design and con- struction of reinforced masonry trom bricks and blocks or shaped masonry units. It specifies requirements for the ma- terials to be used, with due consideration being given lo ‘thermal insulation, fire resistance and protection against ‘moisture, and gives guidance on howrelnforcement is to be incorporated In the masonry and protected against corre slon, Note, For reinforced lintels, the Rlchtiinien far die Bemes- ‘sung und AusfOhrung von Flachstirzen (Code of practice on the design and construction of shallow lintets) shall apply. 2 Arrangement of reinforcement Figures 1 to 6 Illustrate examples of the different ways in hich reinforcement may be arranged, it being permitted to use these arrangements in combination. Figure 1. Bed Joint reinforcement Figure 2. Horizontal reinforcement in pocket-type ma- sonry (small pockets) Figure 3. Horizontal reinforcement in pocket-type ma- sony (large pockets) Figure 4. Vertical reinforcement in hollow block masonry (small cores) Figure 6. Vertical reinforesment in hollow block masonry (large cores) Figure 6. Relnforeament in Quetta bond masonryFigure 7. Reinforcement in grouted-cavity masonry 3 Materials 3.1 Masonry units Masonry units shall be bricks and blocks complying with DIN 108 Parts 1 to 5, IN 106 Parte 1 and 2, DIN 398, DIN 4185, DIN 18 161, DIN 18 152, or DIN 16169, or shaped units, The additional requiremanis specified in subciauses Ai and A.24 shall also be complied with. See subslause A.2.2 fora methad of determining the perfo- rations proportion and compressive sirength of shaped alts, ‘Shaped units for use In hollow block masonry may have either ‘small orlarge cores to receive vertical reinforcement, small cores measuring not less than GOmm x 60mm (cf. fig- ure 4) and large cores not less than 135mm x 135mm (cf. figure 6). The pockets In shaped units to receive hori- zontal relnforcement (ef. figures 2 and 9) shall have a min= mum depth of 45mm. Where ring tles are used to connact the brickwork (of. DIN 4083 Part 1), the requirements specified In subolause At may be Ignored. 3.2 Mortar Only mortar complying with the requirements specified in DIN 1053 Part shall be used, with the excention of group J ordinary mortar, Reinforcement shall only be embedded In groups Ill and Mla ordinary mortar. “Tho aggregates used shall have a dense structure and ‘comply with DIN 4226 Part 1 3.3. Concrete infill Concrete used to fill cores, pockets or cavities shal have a strength corresponding to at least B15 as specitied in DIN 1048, unless @ higher strength class is required to pro- tect the reinforcement against corrosion. The maximum partiole siza of the aggregate shall not exceed 8 mm. 3.4 Reinforcing steel Ribbed relnforcing steel complying with DIN 488 Part ¢ shall be used, 4 Design analysis 4.1 General ‘The analysis of reinforced masonry shall be based on DIN 1046, with due consideration being glven to the follow- Ing specifications. DIN 105 Part Page 3 4.2. Load transmission Relntorced masonry should be designed so thet compres sive forces aro accommodated directly by the masonry units. Where this is not possible, such loads shall be re- sisted by adequately anchored reinforcement. Inthe case of beams (including deep beams) designed to resist loads in adcitlan to thelr self-welght, compressive loads shall be applied in or above the zane in bending com- pression, unless adequate suspension reinforcement is, provided which accommodates such toads. 4,3. Bending, bending and coexistent longitudinal force and longitudinal force alone 4.34 Slenderness Where members are subjected to bending, their slender- ness ratio, Ud, shall not exceed 20. Fordesp beams, the effective helght, i, shall be assumed to, bbe equal to not more than half the saan, J 4.3.2 Design cross section For the purposes of thie standard, the design crass section shall be deemed to be the loadbearing cross section of the masonry, including that of cores and pockets filled with mortar or concrete. 4.8.3 Design masonry strength The design masonry strenath, ir, used In the calculation for both solid and perforated masonry units in compression in, the direction of perforations shall be that specified in DIN 1059 Parts t and 2, Where units with perforations and hollow units are toaded at right angles to the direction of perforations, half the value of Bq shall be used. Where the design strength of the concrete or mortar in, cores or pockets is less than that of the masonry, design of the gross cross section shall be based on the design strangth of the fil material. The design strength or mortar used in the calculation shall be 4,5MN/m? for group ill morter and 10,8 MN/m? for group Illa mortar, the design strength of concrete being that specified In DIN 1046, 4.3.4 Safely against buckling For compression members of medium slendernoss (Le. where 4 does not exceed 20), the influence of acciden- tal accentricty and of deflections of the member (as estab- lished by second order theory) may be determined approx- mately by conducting an analysis of the middle third of the effective length, taking Into account a secondary ‘eccentricity, , which shall be calculated from the following, equation: Ig 468 a where Iig is the effective length; dis the transverse dimension; A=hyld Is the slenderness ratlo. For very slender comprassion members (Le. where 7 ex- ceeds 20), a more accurate analysis In accordance with DIN 1045 shall be made. Slandernoss ratios higher than 25 are not permitted, 4.4 Shear 4.44 General In the analysis for shear, a distinction Is to be made be- ‘ween shear due to In-piane loading (racking shear) and shear in bending. 4.4.2 Racking shear Racking shear may be calculated on the assumption that the shear force acts ata distance of 0,5 1 (h being the effecPage 4 DIN 1053 Part 3 tive depth of the beam) from the inner face of the support. For rectangular sections in compression It is sufficient to make an analysis for the point of maximum shear stress. For eompasite sections, tha analysis may be made for the shear force acting at the neutral ax's in stale Il. By way of simplification, the axial stress, a, parallel to the bed joint may be celculated from the following equation: 2s. or @ where bis the beam width; 1. Is the span of the beam or twice the cantilever length of a cantilever bear; a ts the support reaction. It shall be verified thet the shear stresses under working oad maet the requiremants specified in subclause 7.5 of DIN 1053 Part 2. The bond strength of masonry, Bax, used In the calculation shall be as follows: 0,08 MN/m? for group 11 mortar; 0,18 MN/m? for lelghtwelght mortar; 022 MN/m® for thin layer mortar. 4.4.3 Shear in bending ‘The analysis for shear in bending shall be made in accord- ‘ance with DIN 1045. By way of departure, the basic shear stress, toy), shall not exceed a value of 0,015 Rx, By being ‘taken from DIN 1053 Part 1 or Part 2.This shall also apply to perforated and hollow masonry units, respective of the direction of loading. The values of zon apply for unstaggered bending reintorce- ment and for shear range I without shear reinforcement. Staggered bending reinforcement Is not permitted. The Influence of shear reinforcement shall be ignored. 4.8 Composite masonry construction Masonry and conerete shall be assumed to Interact only if severe constralnt from differences in deformation is not likely and the concrete is cast against unplastered ma- sonry only. Design of the gross cross section may be based fon the assumption that the bullding element in its entiraty consists of the material with the lower strength. {f the shear stresses under working load in the joint be- tween concrete and masonry exceed the value specified in subclause 4.4.3, ull shear reinforcement shall be provided, Whare the proportion of concrete in a section Is predom- inant, this eeation may be designed as a reinforced section In accordance with DIN 1045, 5 Reinforcement 5A General For the reinforcament of masonry, the requlrements tor reinforced concrete specified in DIN 1045 shall apply by ‘analogy, However, span relnforcement shall extend over the full span, staggering not being permitted, 5.2. Minimum reinforcement To avold wide cracks, the minimum reinforcement in ma- sonry subjected to loading shall be as specified in table 1. Where wide cracks may form as a result of constraint, It is recommended that @ minimum reinforcement equal to 0,296 of the gross cross section be provided for, this being arranged In or towards the diraction of constraint. Where the proportion af concrete in a section Is predominant, the minimum reinforcement shal be that specified in DIN 1045. The values given in table 1 apply for BSt 4208 and BSt 5005 steels, Table 1. Minimum reinforcement Minimum reinforcement, 28 a percentage Arrangement of gross rose section reinforcement Main ‘Transverse: reinforcement | reivoreement Bed joint reinoreement | Four bars ot tnd horizontal | 6 vm dlamoter 7 rainorcement | per metre {er ngures to 3) For ny. < 0.59 ug=0; fot n> 06% Vertical ug™0.2j. reinforcement 01% | Intermediate (stigures tt 6) values to be obianed by inear inter polation Reinforced provted-cavly ms ely masonry . : (ct rigures 7) 5.3 Bar spacing in members acting as plates ‘The minimum spacing of reinforcing bars in members act- ‘ng as plates shall be that specified in DIN 1045 and the maximum spacing shall be 250 mm for main reinforcement. ‘and 875 mm for transverse reinforcement. For reinforcement arranged as shown in figure 6, links shall be provided as specified in DIN 1045, the centre-to-centre spacing of reinforcing cages not exceeding 750 mm. 5.4 Anchorage ‘The corract anchorage of reinforcing bars shall be verified In accordance with DIN 1045. For bars placed in mortar, the permissible bond stresses, 2ul; shall be taken from table 2. Table 2. Permissible bond stress, zul ry, for ribbed rein- forcing steel complying with DIN 488 Part 1 Permissible bond siress, 2ul ry Morter in MNJ? Labial Bed Joint Other reinforcement | reinforcement") Mm 0,38 1,0 ma 90,70 14 *) See subclause 7.5 for cover to relnforcement. 6 Corrosion protection 61 Unprotected stee! in mortar Use of unprotected stesl in mortar is only permitted In members which are kept permanently free of moisture (eg. internal walls; ef DIN 1045, table 10, line 1). 6.2 Unprotected steel In concrete Use of unprotected steet in concrete is subject to com- pliance with the requirements specified In subciauses 7.4 and 25.63. Protected steel Where the use of unprotected steal is nat permitted, provi- sion shall be made for adequate protection against 'corro~ sion (2.g.by hot-dip galvanizing or by coating the steel with plastics). The materials used shall be proven sultability (eg. approved by the building inspectorate), 6.4 Corrosive media Where hot-dip galvanized reinforcing steel Is used, care shall be taken to ensure that aggressive constituents of ‘mortar and masonry units, in particular sulfates and chlo~ rides, do not affect the performance of the reinforcement, To this end, the sand used shall be aggregate comply ing with DIN 4228 Part 1. Any additions and admixtures, ‘added to the mortar shall meet the requirements specified fn subclauses A.23 and A2.4 of DIN 1083 Part 4, those ‘added to the concrete infill complying with subclause 8.3 fof DIN 1048, For hydraulically bonded walling units, the ‘content by mass of chlorides and sulfates presentin the ag- gregates shall not exceed the limits specified In DIN 4226, Parts 1 and 2. Where reinforced masonry Is exposed to aggressive sub- stances, tha reinforcement used shall not be galvanized, but protected by other means. 7 Workmanship 74 General Unless otherwise specified below, the workmanship of rein- forced masonry shall be as specified in DIN 1053 Part t,the re- quirements specified in tabie 3 also being complied with. 72° Minimum walling thickness Reinforced masonry shail have a minimum thickness of 115mm. 73 Bricklaying techniques Bricks/blacks shall be [ald on a fullbed of mortar, with cross, Jolnts-filad, where the reinforcement is arranged horizon- tally. In the case of vertical reinforcement, bricks may be lald touching, Le. the cross Joints left unfed. Joints with reinforcement as shown In figure 1 may be up to 20mm thick, Generally, the joint width shall be equal to twice the lameter of the reinforcing bars. DIN 108 Parta Page 5 74 Reinforcement ‘The reinforcement shall be embedded In the mortarso as to be completely covered. Where unprotactad steal Is usedin ar rangements as shown in figures 2, ,5, 6, and 7, care shall be taken to ensure that it Is propery positioned and that the specified cover Is maintained (e.g. by using spacers). ‘The diameter of reinforcing bars or elements shall not ex- ceed 8 mm when placed in oints (ct. floure 1) or #4 mm elae- where. Bars exceeding 14mm in size are only permitted where concrete infil is used. In grouted-cavity construction, the two leaves shall be fully, tied together (e.g. by using wal ies as specified in DIN 1053, Part 1). 78 Cover ‘Where unprotacted steelis placed in pockets, cores or cav- Itles that are filed with concrete, the minimum concrete coverto the steel (disregarding any masonry units) shall be as specified in DIN 1048, The distance between the reinforcement and the face of the masonry shall be not less than 30 mm. Where mortarls used to fill pockets or cores, the covershell, be at least equal to twice the bar diameter. 7.6 Grouting ‘Shaped units with small cores (ct figure 4) shall only be filed with group IIt or Ita mortar, grouting being carried out, foreach course.in large cores or cavities to receive vertical reinforcement, the infil shall be placed and compacted in lifts with a maximum height of one metre. 8 On-site inspection and quality testing Each delivery of bricks or blacks shall be accompanied bya. dollvery note or slip showing, in addition to the standard designation of the blocks and the symbol BM (BM denoting reinforced masonry), that the masonry units meet the re quirements for use In reinforced masonry (cf. appencix A). ‘The contractor shall check whether the Information given in ‘the delivery note or'n the attached slip agrees with the doc umentation. Compliance with the requirements specified In the standards covering the masonry units used shall be verifled by inspection, the inspection procedure complying with DIN 18200,Page 6 DIN 1053 Part 3 Table 8. Workmanship of reinforced masonry reinforced masonry Horizontal reinforcement Vertical reinforcement in bed joints in packets jn small cores| in large cores and cavities (cf figure 1) | (ck figures 2 and 9) | (ef. figure 4) | (ct. Mgures 5, 6 and 7) Concrete of Concrate of en Group I or | Group Itt or | strength | Group II! or | Group It or | strength Ma mortar | tla mortar | class B15 | lille mortar | ttle mortar | class B15 or higher or higher Not less than once Grouting - In each block | er Ostrof wall Fight Maximum As In DIN 488] ber diameter 7 7 aa Part Twice the bar dlameter, 30mm ana ‘wice the ber diameter: with Kaeelenl ena! or more forcement | As specified | reinforcement embedded; | As specified from face | SmPedded: | in DIN 1045. | 30mm or more trom face | In DIN 1048, of masonry | Somm or of masonry face of masonry Protection} Located in to rein- | permanently ioe stare (cement Reraumos” | No requirements No requirements, phere Shame | Hota galventzing ‘As specified ‘As specitied expose , | oF protective coating”) in DIN 1048, | oF protective coating") In DIN 1045, Minimum thickness of i 1) The materlals used shall be of proven suitability (e.¢. approved by the bullding inspectorate),Appendix A DIN 1053 Part Page 7 Requirements to be met by bricks and blocks intended for use in reinforced masonry AA Additional requirements for masonry units In addition to the requirements specified in subciause 2.1, ‘the following shall apply. a) The perforations proportion of each unit shall not ex- ceed 35%, disregarding the pockets in shaped units. 'b) For units with non-circular perforations, the webs be- ‘tween holes shall not be staggered. A2 Shaped units A21 General ‘Apart from shape and dimensions, shaped units shall meet ‘the requirements and be Inspected as specified in the rel- evant standards covering masonry units (of. subclause @.1). A2.2 Determination of perforations proportion and compressive strength 2.24 Unite to receive horizontal reinforcement as in figure 2 For shaped units with perioratlons perpendicular to the bbed face, the procedure specified for vertically perforated units shail be followed, the perforations proportion being ‘determined on the basis of a cut made parallel to the bed fave in the part of the masonry unit without the pocket. For unite with perforations parallel ta the bed face, the pro- ‘cedure specified for horizontelly perforated units shall be followed, the perforations proportion being determined on the basis of a cut made at right angles to the direction of the perforations, Pockets shall not count as perforation. For the:purposes of testing the strength, pockets may be filied with mortar when levelling the bed faces. The load |rreve of loading Figure At, Orientation of shaped unit with large recess in compressive strength testing shall be applisd at right angles to the bed face, irrespective of the direction of perforations. For bricks of less than 71mm in height, testing shall be carried out on two uni lad on top of each other. A22.2 Units to receive horizontal reinforcement as in figure 3 For comprassive strength testing, the toad shall be applied al right angles to the face acting as the bed face In the ma- sonry (ef figure A.t). Where necessary, the samples shall be ‘cut so that thelr helght, i, Is equal to the width, b, of the ‘ross section. The criterion for assigning the units to com- pressive strength ciasses is the load at failure, reduced by ‘35 %, relative to the net cross section (cross section minus ‘he cross-sectional araa of the perforations parallel to the direction of loading). A.2.2.3 Units to receive vertical reinforcement, as in figures 4 and 5 Perforatlons proportion and compressive strength shail be calculated from equations (A.1) and (A.2). AL L=-100 (aay a E (A) A ian wh LI the perforatione proportion, as a percentage; A, Is total ares of perforations Including cores which re- main unfilad, not including cores to receive relnforce~ ment; I the gross cross-sectional area (length x width of unit) net Including cores to recelve reinforcement; A ts the compressive strength; Ps the load at failure. In the strength test, cores shail not be filled with concrete ‘or mortar. A.3. Compressive strength classes Based on their compressive strength as established in accordance with subolause A.2.2, shaped units shall be assigned to compressive strength classes and merked, {allowing the procedures specified for standardized units, of the same material, A4 Marking ‘Marking of units shall be In accordance with the refevant standards, and supplemented by adding BMon the delivery note.Page @ DIN 1053 Part 3 Appendix B ‘Specifications for masonry wall panels Wall panels complying with DIN 1058 Part 4 may be designed and constructed following the procedure for vertically rein- forced members acting as piates.as specified inthis standard, as shall be walling constructed from such panels. Bricks, mor- ‘tar, concrete, reinforcement and corrosion protection shall meet the requirements specified in this standard in addition to ‘those specified In DIN 1053 Part 4. Howaver, as a departure from subclause 7.6, small cores (of. gure 4) may also be filled with conerete complying with sub- clause 2.3. The concrete shall be of consistence range KF as specified in DIN 1045 and be compacted by suitable means, ‘Where full allgnmant of the masonryis ensured by technical means, cores or pockets may be filled to storey height using con- crete of consistence range KF or group Ill or Ila mortar with equivatent flowing properties. n small cores, the reinforcement may be placed to storey helght into the fresh concrete provided that It is adequately centred. Standards and other documents referred to DIN 105 Part 1 Clay bricks; solid bricks and vertically perforated bricks DIN 105 Part 2 Clay bricks; lightweight vertically perforated bricks DIN 105 Part S Clay bricks; high strength bricks and engineering bricks DIN 105 Part 4 Clay bricks; ceramic engineering bricks DIN 105 Part 5 Clay bricks; lightwelght horizontally perforated bricks and lightwoight horizontally perforated brick panels DIN 106 Part 1. Sandlime bricks and blocks; solld and perforated bricks and blacks DIN 106 Part 2 Sandlime bricks and blocks; facing bricks and hard-burnt facing bricks DIN 398 Solld and perforated slag aggregate blacks DIN 488 Part 1 Reinforcing steel; grades, properties and marking DIN. 1045 Structural use of concrete; design and construction DIN. 1053 Part 1 Masonry of simplified design; design and construction DIN. 1055 Part 2 Masonry designed on the basis of sultablity tests; design and construction DIN. 1055 Part 4 Masonry of prefabricated construction DIN 4165 Autoclavad aerated conorete blocks and flat elements DIN. 4226 Part 1 Aggragates for concrete; aggregates of dense structure (heavy aggregates); terminclogy, designation and requirements DIN. 4226 Part 2 Aggregates for concrete; aggregates of porous structure (lightweight aggregates); terminology, desig- nation and requirements DIN 18151 Lightweight concrate hollow blocks DIN 18152 Lightweight concrete solid bricks and blocks DIN 18183 Ordinary concrete masonry units DIN 18200 Inspection of construction materials; structural members and types of construction; general principles Richtiinie far dle Bemessung und Ausfhrung von Flachstdrzen, obtainable trom Aeuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrase 6, D-1000 Berlin 30. Pravious editions DIN 4156: 05.43; DIN 1083: 02.57%, 12.52, 11.62; DIN 1053 Part 1: 11.74, Amendments The follawing amendments have been made to DIN 1053 Part 1, November 1974 edition, ) The standardis a new Part ofthe DIN 1053 series of standards dealing only with reinforced masonry (previously coveredin Part 1). ) The specifiostions for reinforced masonry have been revised In form and substance, ©) The standard now also covers masonry built with shaped units. ¢) The specifications for design analysis, In particular with regard to shear and sefety against buckling, ae well as the requira~ ments for the corrosion protection of reinforcement have been revised. International Patent Classification E04 82/0