Oil Refinery Process

Yogyakarta/ 10 November 2012

DIT. PENGOLAHAN PERTAMINA

Tlp : 021-381-5481 1
Email : sukotjo.wakimin@pertamina.com
Materi Presentasi

I. Gambaran umum
II. Proses – proses utama di kilang
III. Konfigurasi proses kilang
IV. Feed dan spesifikasi
V. Product dan spesifikasi
VI. Tantangan ke depan

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Gambaran umum

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Crude Oil Marketable
Product

Pengolahan
(Refining)
SLC LPG
Duri Gasoline
ALC Kerosene / Avtur
Nigeria ADO
dll Fuel Oil
C2=, C3=, C4=
Wax, Asphalt,
Aromatic, coke

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Alur pengolahan minyak (oil)

Upstream Downstream

Trading
Commercial
Customer

Exploration Production Refining Primary Terminalling Retail

Distribution Customer

• Geophysical • Crude Oil & Gas • Refining of • Pipeline • Inventory • Marketing

Evaluation & Production Crude Transportation Management
Design • Demand Forecast
• Gathering & • Product • Barge & Vessel • Product
• Field Development Processing Blending Transportation Blending • Price Setting

• Drilling Operations • Transportation & • Truck Dispatch • Customer Service

Storage
• Demand
Fulfillment
 Typical Crude & product LPG : 30
Distribution HOMC
Import
Fuel Product
200 20
Export - Mogas : 190
Natural
Contractor Gas - Kerosene : 150
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Exchange - Gasoil : 250
100 Crude
-IDO : 8
300
100
-IFO : 67

Indonesian 200 Export,

Crude Production Exchange,
Repayment Product
1,000.0 - Aviation : 33
700 - Pertamax : 7
- Pertamax Plus : 3
- Pertadex : 0.2
Pertamina production & 600
Government Entlitement 500

Petrochemical (Excl. LPG )

400 - Total : 41

400 Miscellineous
Import Crude
- Total : 120.0

Unit : MBCD Ref. Fuel & Loss

- Total : 7.5 % Vol on Crude

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Kilang Pengolahan Minyak Milik PERTAMINA

I
170

II 253.5
10

VII
132.5

125 V
III
348

Dalam MBPSD

RU I : Pangkalan Brandan RU III : Plaju RU V : Balikpapan

RU II : Dumai RU IV : Cilacap RU VI : Balongan
RU VII : Kasim

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 Asia pacific major refineries
Controlled* total Influenced** Number of
Refiners capacity (KBD) capacity (KBD) refineries
Shell 1,272 555 14

Exxon Mobil 1,801 11

Caltex (including 1,047 285 6
LG-Caltex)
SK 1,115 2

Pertamina 1031 6

PTT 370 485 5

Nippon Mitsubishi 782 4

Idemitsu 670 5

Cosmo Oil 599 285 4

BP 247 3

Petronas 298 3

SPC 285 1
Petron 180 1
* Majority controlled and manned by company
** Minority ownership
Source: Facts – EWCI; company website
Proses – proses utama di kilang

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Proses – proses utama di Oil Refinery

Jenis
No Unit Proses Tujuan Proses
Proses
1 Persiapan Desalter Menurunkan water,
menurunkan garam
2 Pemisahan Crude Distilling Unit (CDU), Pemisahan primer
High Vakum Unit (HVU) berdasar titik didih
3 Treating Hydrotreating dan demetalisasi Pemurnian
(HDS, ARHDM, DHDT, DHDT),
Amine Absorber,
4 Konversi Hydrocracker, Fluid Catalytic Perengkahan,
Cracking (FCC), RFCC, Delayed pembentukan /
Coker, Visbreaker, Platforming, reforming
H2 Plant.
5 Perbaikan Hydrotreater (HDS) Perbaikan kualitas
Kualitas
6 Proses- Polymerisasi, Isomerisasi Polymerisasi,
proses Lain Penex,Totaray), MDU aromatisasi, Filtrasi

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Konfigurasi proses kilang

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Tipikal refinery process flow diagram

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RU II Dumai

LPG
GAS L.NAP LPG
L.NAP

H.NAP
L.KERO
HCU
NRU PL-I
H.NAP 212 H.KERO L.NAP LPG

ADO
SRN
TO LOMC HOMC
CRUDE CDU KERO
BTM
DMI TO PREMIUM H.NAP
NHDT PL -II
ADO
LPG
LPG H2P
L.NAP
GAS 701/702
H.NAP
LVGO
HOMC
L.KERO
HVGO HCU
HVU
212 H.KERO
EXCESS
ADO
GAS
S.RES

GAS
BTM
TO LSWR
LPG
SRN
NAPHTHA TO PREM.
CRUDE CDU KERO
DCU NAPHTHA
SPK LCGO TO LOMC
ADO L.KERO
HCGO DHDT
H.KERO
COKE
L.RES
TO LSWR

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RU III Plaju

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RU IV Cilacap

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RU V Balikpapan

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RU VI Balongan

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RU VII Kasim

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 PERBANDINGAN YIELD KILANG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN
PRODUK BERNILAI JUAL TINGGI DAN KOMPETISI

Refinery comparison Nelson Complexity Index - Yield indicator

Production capacity, kbpd (higher number, high value yields)

RU IV Cilacap 348 3.5

RU V Balikpapan 260 3.3
RU II Dumai 170 7.9
RU III Plaju / Musi 118 4.9
RU VI Balongan 125 10.6
RU VII Kasim 10 1.0

Indonesia average 4.7

South Korea avg 430 5.0

Taiwan average 305 5.9
UK average 170 9.0
International Japan average 152 7.7
competitors
India average 132 3.8
US average 128 10.7
China average 83 3.6
Reliance India** 580 14.0
 KILANG DENGAN KOMPLEKSITAS TINGGI AKAN MENGHASILKAN
FRAKSI RINGAN LEBIH BESAR DAN PRODUCT VALUE LEBIH TINGGI
Refinery Typical light
Simple / Fuel Gas configuration type product yield*
Hydroskimming Units
Gas plant LPG / % volume
present
Propane
Topping 30
Gasoline
Reformer
Hydro-
Fraksi skimming 50
Distillation

Ringan
Kerosene / Avtur FCC 70
Crude
oil
FCC/alky 75
Solar / Diesel
Coking 85
Residual fuel

Coker
Alky
FCC
Distillation

Reformer
Complex /
Cracking

Yields Simple (%v) Complex

(%v)
Gas/ LPG 2.11 9.56
Gasoline 16.51 44.58
Kerosene / Avtur 20.22 8.95
Solar / Diesel 21.32 20.44
Residue 39.84 16.47
Total 100.00 100.00
* Actual yield is also dependent on the crude type/quality

Source: McKinsey
Feed dan Spesifikasi

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Crude Oil ( minyak bumi) :

Terdiri atas senyawa C (1 - 40an ) dan H

Didefinisikan dengan crude assay (boiling point cut, sifat
fisik)
Mengandung impurities (S, N, metals)
Dikategorikan sebagai : parafinik, naphthenik, aromatik.

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Komposisi desain feed (crude) RU’s

RU UNIT JENIS CRUDE KOMPOSISI

OPERASI CRUDE ( % V)

DUMAI SLC 80%

DURI 20%
RU II SUNGAI PAKNING SLC 90%
LIRIK 10%

RU III CDU I - VII SLC

RAMBA
RU IV CDU I ALC 100%
CDU II ARJUNA 50%
ATTAKA 50%
RU V CDU IV HANDIL 60%
BEKAPAI 40%
CDU V SLC 70%
WIDURI 30%
RU VI CDU SLC 20%
DURI 80%
RU VII CDU WALIO 100%
TABEL. SPESIFIKASI FEED

PRIMARY PROCESSING

NO PARAMETER UNIT UP II UP III UP IV UP V UP VI

SPK
1 SALT CONTENT ptb max 7 max 8.7 max 7.8 max 10
2 SULFUR % WT max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1
3 N + 2A % vol min 80
4 Asphalthenes % wt max 0.71 max 0.45
5 Vanadium ppm wt max 0.5
6 Nickel ppm wt max 20
7 Mercury ppb max 25 max 25 max 25
8 TAN mgKOH/mg max 0.7 max 0.62
Produk dan Spesifikasi

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Marketable products :

Produk No. Atom C Spesifikasi kritis

LPG C3 – C4 Kadar C3&C4, RVP, bau, C2, korisifitas
Gasoline C4 – C12 ON, distilasi/EP, RVP, S, aromat, korisifitas

Jet Fuel / Kero C8 – C12 Freezing point, smoke point, flash point

ADO/Solar C12-C18 Cetane Index, distilasi/EP, S, korosifitas

Fuel Oil / Residu > C25 Viskositas, Sg

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Spesifikasi produk LPG

NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX

1. Specific Gravity at 60 / 60 °F ASTM D - 1657 To Be Reported
2. Komposisi : ASTM D - 2163
C2 % vol - 0.8

C3 + C4 % vol 97.0 -
C5 + ( C5 and heavier ) % vol - 2.0
3. R.V.P at 100 ° F psig ASTM D - 1267 - 145
4. Weathering Test at 36 °F % vol ASTM D - 1837 95 -
5. Total Sulphur grains/100 ASTM D - 2784 - 15 +)
cuft
6. Copper Corrosion 1 hours/100 °F ASTM D - 1838 - No. 1
7. Ethyl or Buthyl Mercaptan Added mL / 1000 AG 50 *)
8. Water Content Visual No free water

+) Sebelum ditambah ethyl atau buthyl mercaptan

*) Tidak dilakukan di Laboratorium
Ref. Dirjen Migas no. No. 26525.K/10/DJM.S/2009

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Spesifikasi produk premium (hal 1 dari 2)
NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX
1. Research Octane Number ASTM D-2699 88.0 -
2. Colour Visual Yellow
3. Dyes content gr/100 L - 0.13
4. Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 oC ASTM D-130 - No. 1
5. Distillation : ASTM D-86 - -
10 % Vol. recovery oC - 74
50 % Vol. recovery oC 75 125
90 % Vol. recovery oC - 180
End Point oC - 215
Residue % vol - 2.0
6. Doctor Test or No. 9 IP-130 - Negative
7. Existent Gum mg/100 mL ASTM D-381 - 4.0
8. Induction Period Minutes ASTM D-525 240 -
9. Mercaptan Sulphur % wt ASTM D-3227 - 0.0020
10. Density at 15 oC Kg/m3 ASTM D-4052 715,0 780,0
11. Oksigenat content % vol Mixing - 11
12. R.V.P at 100 oF kPa ASTM D-323 - 69
13. Lead Content g/L ASTM D-5059 - 0.013
14. Total Sulphur % wt ASTM D-2622 - 0.10

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Spesifikasi produk Solar
NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX
1. Appearance Visual Clear & Bright
2. Density 15 °C kg / m³ ASTM D - 1298 815 870
3. Strong Acid Number mg KOH/g ASTM D - 664 - NIL
4. Total Acid Number mg KOH/g ASTM D - 664 - 0.6
5. Ash Content % wt ASTM D - 482 - 0.01
6. Cetane Index ASTM D - 4737 48 -
7. Colour ASTM No. ASTM ASTM D - 1500 - 3.0
8. Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 100 °C ASTM D - 130 - No. 1
9. Distillation, T90 °C ASTM D - 86 - 370
10. Pour Point °C ASTM D - 97 - 18
11. Sediment % wt ASTM D - 473 - 0.01
12. Visc. Kinematic at 40 °C cSt ASTM D - 445 2.000 5.000
13. Water Content mg / kg ASTM D - 1744 - 500
14. Flash Point PMcc °C ASTM D - 93 55 -
15. Total Sulphur * % wt ASTM D - 2622 - 0.35
OR
ASTM D - 1552
16. Conradson Carbon Residue % wt ASTM D - 4530 - 0.1

*) Ref. : SK Dirjen Migas No. 3675 K/24/DJM/2006.

Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 5312/14/DJM.T/2008.
Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 1470/04/DJM.0/2009.

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Spesifikasi produk Kerosene
NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX
1. Density 15 °C kg / m ³ ASTM D - 1298 - 835
2. Burning Test ( Dry Char ) mg / kg IP - 10 - 40
3. Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 °C Class ASTM D - 130 - No. 1
4. Distilation : ASTM D - 86
End Point °C - 310
Recovery at 200 °C % vol 18 -
5. Flash Point Abel °C IP - 170 38.0 -
6. Odour & Colour - Marketable
7. Smoke Point mm ASTM D -1322 15 -
8. Total Sulphur % wt ASTM D -1266 - 0.20

Ref. : Dirjen Migas No. 17K/72/DDJM/1999 Tgl. 16 April 1999

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Tantangan ke depan

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Tantangan ke depan

Lingkungan yang berubah :

1. Harga crude yang cenderung tinggi.
2. Tuntutan kinerja standart global.
3. Regulasi produk yang berubah.
4. Tuntutan lindungan lingkungan yang semakin ketat.

Tuntutan terhadap Pengolahan :

1. Menaikkan kehandalan kilang.
2. Mengurangi losses dan refinery fuel.
3. Mengoptimalkan produksi.
4. Memenuhi regulasi pemerintah.
5. Menurunkan biaya-biaya.

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Tipikal Struktur Biaya Bidang Pengolahan

Biaya Refinery
Fuel; 3.6%
Biaya Pengolahan;
2.4%
Biaya Depresiasi;
0.9%
Biaya Angkutan;
Biaya Interest;
0.9%
0.1%

Bahan Baku;
92.1%
Trend Karakteristik Bisnis Pengolahan Oil & Gas
Terima kasih atas perhatiannya…

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