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Inverse Trigonometric Functions Class 12

Notes Maths Chapter 2
July 19, 2021 by Prasanna

By going through these CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions, students
can recall all the concepts quickly.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions Notes Class 12

Maths Chapter 2
Inverse Function Calculator is an online tool by Protonstalk to quickly and easily find out the inverse of any
given function.

As we have learned in class XI, the domain and range of trigonometric functions are given below:

Functions Domain Range

 NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6

CLASS 11 CLASS 12 MCQ QUESTIONS

→ Inverse Function: We know that if f: X →Y such that y = f(x) is one-one and onto, then we define another
function g : Y → X such that x = g(y), where x ∈ X and y ∈ Y, which is also one-one and onto.

In such a case, Domain of g = Range of f and Range of g = Domain of f.

g is called the inverse of f or g = f-1.

∴ Inverse of g = g-1 = (f-1)-1 =f.

The graph of the sin-1 function is shown here.

Principal Value Branch of Function sin-1:

It may be noted that for the domain [-1,1}, the range could be any one of the intervals. …..,

[\(\frac{-3 \pi}{2}\), \(\frac{-\pi}{2}\)], [\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)] or [\(\frac{\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{3\pi}{2}\)]

…….

 NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6

CLASS 11 CLASS 12 MCQ QUESTIONS

Corresponding to each interval, we get a branch of the function sin-1.

The branch with range [\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)] is called the principal value branch.

Thus, sin-1: [-1,1] → [\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)]

Principal Value Branch of Function cos-1:

The graph of the function cos-1 is as shown here.

The domain of the function cos-1 is [-1,1]. Its range is one of the intervals. ………., (-π, 0), (0, π), (π, 2π), ………… It
is one-one and onto with the range [-1, 1]. The branch with range (0, π) is called the principal value branch of
the function cos-1. Thus, cos-1: [-1,1] → [0, π].
Principal Value Branch of Function tan-1:

TheNCERT SOLUTIONS
function tan-1 is definedCLASS
whose10domainCLASS
is set 9of real numbers
CLASS 8 and range
CLASSis7one of CLASS 6
the intervais. [\
(\frac{-3 \pi}{2}\), \(\frac{-\pi}{2}\)], [\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)] or [\(\frac{\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{3 \pi}
{2}\)]…………
CLASS 11 CLASS 12 MCQ QUESTIONS

The graph of the function is as shown in the adjoining figure.

The branch with range [\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)] is called the principal value branch of function
tan1. Thus, tan-1: R → [\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)].

Principal Value Branch of Function cosec-1:

The graph of function cosec-1 is as shown here. The function cosec-1 defined whose domain is R — (-1, 1)
and the range is any one of the intervals …….., [ \(\frac{-3 \pi}{2}\), \(\frac{-\pi}{2}\)] – {π}, [\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\), \
(\frac{\pi}{2}\)] – {0}, [\(\frac{\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{3 \pi}{2}\)] – {π}……..

The function corresponding to the range [\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)] – {0} is called the principal value
branch of cosec-1.

NCERT
Thus, SOLUTIONS
cosec-1: R – (-1, 1) → CLASS 10 CLASS
[\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\), 9 CLASS
\(\frac{\pi}{2}\)] 8
– {0}. CLASS 7 CLASS 6

Principal -1:

CLASS Value
11 Branch
CLASSof12Function
MCQsec
QUESTIONS
The graph of function sec-1 is shown in adjoining figure. The sec-1 is defined as a function whose domain is
R – (-1, 1) and the range is one of the intervals……. [- π, 0] – {\(\frac{-\pi}{2}\)}, [0, π] – {\(\frac{\pi}{2}\)}, [π,
2π] – {\(\frac{3 \pi}{2}\)}, ……………

The function corresponding to [0, π] – {\(\frac{\pi}{2}\)} is known as the range [0, π] – {\(\frac{\pi}{2}\)} is
known as the principal value branch of sec-1.

Thus, sec-1: R – (-1,1) → [0, π] – {\(\frac{\pi}{2}\)}

Principal Value Branch of Function cot-1:

The graph of function cor’ is as shown here.

 NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6

CLASS 11 CLASS 12 MCQ QUESTIONS

The cot-1 function is defined as a function whose domain is R and the range is any of the intervals, …………

(-π, 0), (0, π), (π, 2π), …………

The function corresponding to (0, π) is called the principal value branch of the function cot-1.

Thus, cot-1: R → (0, π).

The principal value branch of trigonometric inverse functions are as follows:

→ Some Important Results:

1. (a) sin-1\(\frac{1}{x}\) = cosec-1x, x ≥ 1, x ≤ -1

(b) cos-1 \(\frac{1}{x}\) = sec-1x, x ≥ l, x ≤ -1

(c) tan-1 \(\frac{1}{x}\) = cot-1x, x > 0

(d) cosec-1 \(\frac{1}{x}\) = sin-1x, x ∈ [-1,1]

(e) sec-1 \(\frac{1}{x}\) = cos-1x, x ∈ [-1,1]

NCERT
(f) cot SOLUTIONS = tan-1CLASS
-1 \(\frac{1}{x}\) 10
x, x > 0. CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6

2. (a) sin-111
CLASS sin-1x, x12∈ [-1,1]
MCQ QUESTIONS
(-x) = – CLASS
(b) tan-1(-x) = – tan-1x, x ∈ R

(c) cosec-1(-x) = – cosec-1x, | x | >1

(d) cos-1(-x) = π – cos-1x, x ∈ [-1,1]

(e) sec-1(-x) = π – sec-1x, x ∈ R

(f) cot-1(-x) = π – cot-1x, x ∈ R

3. (a) sin-1x + cos-1x = \(\frac{x}{2}\), x ∈ [-1,1]

(b tan-1x + cot-1x = \(\frac{x}{2}\), x ∈ R

(c) cosec-1x + sec-1x = \(\frac{x}{2}\), | x | ≥ 1

4. (a) tan-1x + tan-1y = tan-1\(\frac{x+y}{1-x y}\), xy < 1

(b) tan-1x – tan-1y = tan-1\(\frac{x-y}{1+x y}\), xy > -1

(c) 2 tan-1x = tan-1\(\frac{2 x}{1-x^{2}}\), | x | <1

= sin-1\(\frac{2 x}{1+x^{2}}\), | x | <0

= cos-1\(\frac{1-x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}\) , x ≥ 0

(d) 2sin-1x = sin-1[2x\(\sqrt{1-x^{2}}\)]

(e) 2cos-1x = cos-1(2x2 – 1)

1. Table

Function Principal Value Branch

Domain Range

\(-\frac{\pi}{2}\) ≤ y ≤ \
(i) y = sin-1 x –1≤x≤1
(\frac{\pi}{2}\)

(ii) y = cos-1 x –1≤x≤1 0≤y≤π

\(-\frac{\pi}{2}\) < y < \

(iii) y = tan-1x –∞<x<∞
(\frac{\pi}{2}\)

(iv) y = cot-1 x – ∞ < x ≤ -1 0 < y < \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)

1 ≤  x < ∞
0 ≤ y < \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)

(v) y = sec-1 x
-∞ < x ≤ -1 \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)< y < π
 (vi) y = cosec-1 x 1 ≤ x < ∞
0 < y ≤ \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)

NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6

-∞ < x ≤ ∞ \(-\frac{\pi}{2}\) ≤ y < 0

CLASS 11 CLASS 12 MCQ QUESTIONS

2. PROPERTIES :

(i) x = sin-1(sin x) = cos-1(cos x) = tan-1 (tan x); etc.

(ii) (a) cosec-1x = sin-1 \(\frac { 1 }{ x }\) , x ≥ 1 or x ≤ -1

(b) sec-1 x = cos-1\(\frac { 1 }{ x }\) ,x ≥ 1 or x ≤ -1

(c) cot-1x = tan-1\(\frac { 1 }{ x }\), x > 0.

(iii) (a) sin-1 (- x) = – sin-1x, x ∈ [-1,11

(b) cos-1 (-x) = π – cos-1x, x ∈ [- 1, 1]

(c) tan-1(- x) = – tan-1 x, x ∈ R

(d) cot-1(-x) = π – cot-1 x, x ∈ R

(e) sec-1 (-x) = π – sec-1 x, |x| ≥ 1

(f) cosec-1 (- x) = – cosec-1 x, |x| ≥ 1

(iv) (a) sin-1 x + cos-1 x = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\), x ∈ (-1,1)

(b) tan -1 x + cot-1x = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) x ∈ R

(c) sec-1x + cosec-1= \(\frac{\pi}{2}\), |x| ≥ 1

(d) tan-1 x + tan-1 = tan-1 \(\frac{x+y}{1-x y}\), xy > -1

(e) tan-1x – tan-1y = tan-1 \(\frac{x-y}{1+x y}\), xy > -1

(f) 2tan-1 x = sin-1 \(\frac{2 x}{1+x^{2}}\) = cos-1 \(\frac{2 x}{1-x^{2}}\) = tan-1

(v) (a) sin -1x ± sin-1 y = sin -1 \(\left(x \sqrt{1-y^{2}} \pm y \sqrt{1-x^{2}}\right)\)

(b) cos -1x ± cos-1y = cos -1 \(\left(x y \mp \sqrt{1-x^{2}} \sqrt{1-y^{2}}\right)\)

Filed Under: CBSE Class 12

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