MODULE 1 : TECHNOLOGY IN

SOCIETY MODULE 2 : AN OVERVIEW OF

Information ETHICS
Technology (IT)- IT is a general term that describes
any technology that helps to produce, manipulate,
ETHICS- Every society forms a set of rules. These
store, communicate, and/or disseminate information
rules are often expressed in statements about how
using computers, storage,networks, and other
people should behave. However, there are people
electronic devices.
who are uncertain on which rule they will follow.

Internet- uses an extensive network to access

THE ETHICAL POINT OF VIEW
information and services.
“CORE VALUES”
 Life
Evolution of Computing
 Happiness
 Ability to accomplish goals
- was delivered to the
U. S. Army in 1946.
TWO WAYS TO VIEW WORLD
 Selfish point of view: consider only own self and
ENIAC (short for “Electronic Numerical
its core values
Integrator And Calculator”) - weighed
 Ethical point of view: respect other people and
30 tons and was 80 feet long and two stories high,
their core values

DEFINING TERMS
COMPUTER- is a programmable, multi use
SOCIETY
machine that accepts data—raw facts
 Association of people organized under a system
And figures—and processes, or manipulates, it into
of rules
information we
 Rules: designed to advance the good of members
can use.
over time
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
MORALITY
also called telecommunications technology, consists
 A society’s rules of conduct
of
 What people ought/ought not to do in various
electromagnetic devices and systems for
situations (road network – good or bad)
communicating over
ETHICS (philosophical study of morality –
any distance.
guidelines)
 Rational examination of morality
 Evaluation of people’s behavior. 5. Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false
witness.
WHY STUDY ETHICS? 6. Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for
 Not everyone can do what they want which you have not
 Ethics: a way to decide the best thing to do paid.
 New problems accompany new technologies 7. Thou shalt not use other people’s computer
▸ Email and spams resources without
▸www and pop-up ads for pornographic web sites authorization or proper compensation.
 “Common wisdom” not always adequate 8. Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s
intellectual output.
WHAT MAKES AN ETHICAL THEORY 9. Thou shalt think about the social consequences of
PERSUASIVE? the program you are
 What makes a good argument? writing or the system you are designing.
“New technologies made us socially responsible.” 10. Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that
GROUP A: Argue for insure consideration and respect for your fellow
GROUP B: Argue against human.
Try to convince the other group
ETHICAL THEORIES
 Subjective Relativism MODULE 3 : EVOLUTION OF
 Cultural Relativism
COMPUTING
 Divine Command Theory
 Kantianism
 Act Utilitarianism computer - "compute" means calculate
 Rule Utilitarianism abacus- first calculating device pascaline- first
 Social Contact Theory mechanical calculator
"Father of computer"- charles babbage analytical
10 COMMANDMENTS OF COMPUTER engine- complex calculation; 5 units, output, input,
ETHICS tabulating machine- numbers and letters (herman
1. Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other hollerith)
people. ENIAC AND UNIVAC - electronic numerical
2. Thou shalt not interfere with other people’s integrator and calculator .
computer work. - john wauchly and john presper eckret
3. Thou shalt not snoop around in other people’s UNIVAC - universal automatic computer - john
computer files. wauchly and john presper eckret
4. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
First generation of computer -( 1941-1956 )  This means it has value either 0 or 1.
Second Generation of Computer - (1956-1963)
consume more power- advantage of second Bits and Bytes
generation computer  Bit: in the binary system, each 0 or 1 is
Third Generation of computers- (1964-1971) called a bit; short for “binary digit”.
 example - IBM  Byte: Bits are combined to represent
Fourth Generation of Computer - (1971-present) letters, numbers or special characters. A
 micro chips group of 8 bits is called a byte, and a byte
 0 and 1's represents one character, digit, or other
EXAMPLES: value.
 IBM 4341
Fifth generation of computer TYPES OF SWITCHES A COMPUTER USE:
- they used AI  Transistors are electrical switches built out of
- ability to recognize image and voice layers of a special type of material called
semiconductor.

MODULE 4 : KEY COMPONENTS  Integrated circuits (or chips) are tiny regions of
semiconductor material that support a huge
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
number of transistors.

Computer is a data processing device that TYPES OF COMPUTERS:

performs four major functions: Two basic design of computers:
 Input (1) portable
 Process (2) Stationary
 Output
 Storage Three main categories of portable computers:
Representing Data Electronically 1. Cell phones
 All data is stored and transferred from and to a  All cellphones have the same components as any
computer; it is transmitted as a series of electrical computer:
signals that are either on or off.  a processor, memory and input and output
 To process data, whether it be text, images or devices.
sounds, the computer must convert the 2. Tablets
information into binary form.  Similar features of smartphones and tablets:
 The binary number system is a base-2 number
system.
 ▸ Similar operating systems: Common operating  miniaturization of components is usually costly
systems, such as IOS, Android or Windows, Other Types of Computer
operate on smartphones and tablets.  Mainframe
3. Laptops  supercomputer
 A laptop (or notebook) computer is a portable  embedded computer
computer that has a keyboard, monitor, and other Different Types of Display Screen
devices integrated into a single compact case.  liquid crystal display (LCD).
▸ This was the first type of portable computer.  light-emitting diode (LED)
 Organic light-emitting diode (OLED)
CHOOSING A PORTABLE DEVICE
Laptop or Notebook Computer AUDIO OUTPUT
 Power  All portable computing devices include
 Screen size and resolution integrated speakers, the output devices for sound.
 Style of keyboard  Headphones or earbuds connect wireless or plug
 Battery life into the same jack on your computing device to
 Weight which external speakers connect.
 Number of devices PRINTER
 Another common output device is the printer,
LAPTOP AND THEIR VARIANTS which creates hard copies (copies you can touch)
Variations of laptops of text and graphics.
 2-in-1 PCs  There are two primary categories of printers
▪A laptop computer that can convert into a tablet- common in the home and office: inkjet and laser
like device.
 Ultra-books OTHER TYPES OF PRINTERS
▪category of full-featured computer that focus on
offering a very thin, lightweight computing  An all-in-one printer combines the functions of a
solution. printer, scanner, copier, and fax into one
 Chromebooks machine.
▪A special type of laptop that uses the Google  A large format printer
Chrome OS and is designed to be connected tot  A 3D printer
the Internet always. THE MOTHERBOARD
ADVANTAGES OF A DESKTOP COMPUTER  Motherboard or system board is the main circuit
 easier to upgrade board in the system unit.
 large screens are beneficial in many working RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
environments
 RAM is used to temporarily hold (1) software
instructions and (2) data before and after it is COMPUTER PORTS
processed by the CPU.  Thunderbolt ports
READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM)  universal serial bus (USB) port
 ROM holds all the instructions the device needs  Ethernet port
to start up when it’s powered on.  HDMI ports
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
 CPU or processor is sometimes referred to as the
“brains” of the computer because it controls all
the functions performed by the computer’s other
components and processes all the commands “ PADAYON FUTURE
issued to it by software instructions. PROGRAMMERS!”
SPEED OF THE PROCESSOR
▸ Processor speed is measured in units of hertz (Hz).

STORING DATA AND INFORMATION

Local Storage Devices
 The hard drive is your desktop’s or laptop’s
primary device for permanent storage of software
and documents. The hard drive is a nonvolatile
storage device.
There are two kinds of drive bays:
1. Internal drive bays
2. External drive bays
PORTABLE STORAGE OPTIONS
 portable external hard drive
 flash drive
 Micro SD
CLOUD STORAGE
 Cloud storage refers to using a service that keeps
your files on the Internet (in the “cloud”) rather
than storing your files solely on a device.
CONNECTING PERIPHERALS TO THE
COMPUTER