MODULE 1 : TECHNOLOGY IN electromagnetic devices and systems for

communicating over
SOCIETY
any distance.

IT is a general term that

describes any technology that helps to
MODULE 2 : AN OVERVIEW OF
produce, manipulate, store, communicate,
and/or disseminate information using ETHICS
computers, storage,networks, and other
electronic devices.
Every society forms a set of rules.
These rules are often expressed in
uses an extensive network to
statements about how people should
access information and services.
behave. However, there are people who
are uncertain on which rule they will follow.

- was delivered to the

U. S. Army in 1946.
 Life
 Happiness
 Ability to accomplish goals
weighed
30 tons and was 80 feet long and two
stories high,
 Selfish point of view: consider only own
self and its core values
 Ethical point of view: respect other
is a programmable, multi use
people and their core values
machine that accepts data—raw facts
And figures—and processes, or
manipulates, it into information we
can use.
 Association of people organized under
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
a system of rules
also called telecommunications
technology, consists of
 Rules: designed to advance the good
of members over time  Subjective Relativism
 Cultural Relativism
 A society’s rules of conduct  Divine Command Theory
 What people ought/ought not to do  Kantianism
in various situations (road network –  Act Utilitarianism
good or bad)  Rule Utilitarianism
 Social Contact Theory

 Rational examination of morality

 Evaluation of people’s behavior. 1. Thou shalt not use a computer to harm
other people.
2. Thou shalt not interfere with other
 Not everyone can do what they want people’s computer work.
 Ethics: a way to decide the best thing 3. Thou shalt not snoop around in other
to do people’s computer files.
 New problems accompany new 4. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
technologies 5. Thou shalt not use a computer to bear
▸ Email and spams false witness.
▸ www and pop-up ads for 6. Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary
pornographic web sites software for which you have not
 “Common wisdom” not always paid.
adequate 7. Thou shalt not use other people’s
computer resources without
authorization or proper compensation.
8. Thou shalt not appropriate other
 What makes a good argument? people’s intellectual output.
“New technologies made us socially 9. Thou shalt think about the social
responsible.” consequences of the program you are
GROUP A: Argue for writing or the system you are designing.
GROUP B: Argue against
Try to convince the other group
10. Thou shalt always use a computer in
ways that insure consideration and respect  IBM 4341
for your fellow human.
- they used AI
- ability to recognize image and voice

MODULE 3 : EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTING
MODULE 4 : KEY COMPONENTS
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
"compute" means calculate
first calculating device pascaline-
first mechanical calculator
charles babbage
analytical engine- complex calculation; 5  Input
units, output, input,  Process
numbers and letters  Output
(herman hollerith)  Storage
electronic numerical
integrator and calculator .  All data is stored and transferred from
- john wauchly and john presper eckret and to a computer; it is transmitted as
universal automatic computer - a series of electrical signals that are
john wauchly and john presper eckret either on or off.
( 1941-1956 )  To process data, whether it be text,
(1956- images or sounds, the computer must
1963) convert the information into binary
advantage of form.
second generation computer  The binary number system is a base-2
(1964-1971) number system.
 example - IBM  This means it has value either 0 or 1.
(1971-
present)
 micro chips  Bit: in the binary system, each 0 or 1 is
 0 and 1's called a bit; short for “binary digit”.
 Byte: Bits are combined to represent or Windows, operate on smartphones
letters, numbers or special characters. A and tablets.
group of 8 bits is called a byte, and a byte
represents one character, digit, or other  A laptop (or notebook) computer is a
value. portable computer that has a
keyboard, monitor, and other devices
integrated into a single compact case.
 Transistors are electrical switches built ▸ This was the first type of portable
out of layers of a special type of computer.
material called semiconductor.

 Integrated circuits (or chips) are tiny Laptop or Notebook Computer

regions of semiconductor material that  Power
support a huge number of transistors.  Screen size and resolution
 Style of keyboard
 Battery life
Two basic design of computers:  Weight
(1) portable  Number of devices
(2) Stationary

Three main categories of portable Variations of laptops

computers:  2-in-1 PCs
▪A laptop computer that can convert
 All cellphones have the same into a tablet-like device.
components as any computer:  Ultra-books
 a processor, memory and input and ▪category of full-featured computer
output devices. that focus on offering a very thin,
lightweight computing solution.
 Similar features of smartphones and  Chromebooks
tablets: ▪A special type of laptop that uses the
▸ Similar operating systems: Common Google Chrome OS and is designed to
operating systems, such as IOS, Android be connected tot the Internet always.
 easier to upgrade
 large screens are beneficial in many  An all-in-one printer combines the
working environments functions of a printer, scanner, copier,
 miniaturization of components is usually and fax into one machine.
costly  A large format printer
 A 3D printer
 Mainframe
 supercomputer  Motherboard or system board is the
 embedded computer main circuit board in the system unit.

 liquid crystal display (LCD).  RAM is used to temporarily hold (1)

 light-emitting diode (LED) software instructions and (2) data
 Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) before and after it is processed by the
CPU.

 All portable computing devices include  ROM holds all the instructions the
integrated speakers, the output device needs to start up when it’s
devices for sound. powered on.
 Headphones or earbuds connect
wireless or plug into the same jack on  CPU or processor is sometimes referred
your computing device to which to as the “brains” of the computer
external speakers connect. because it controls all the functions
performed by the computer’s other
 Another common output device is the components and processes all the
printer, which creates hard copies commands issued to it by software
(copies you can touch) of text and instructions.
graphics.
 There are two primary categories of ▸ Processor speed is measured in units of
printers common in the home and hertz (Hz).
office: inkjet and laser
 The hard drive is your desktop’s or
laptop’s primary device for permanent
storage of software and documents.
The hard drive is a nonvolatile storage
device.
There are two kinds of drive bays:
1. Internal drive bays
2. External drive bays

 portable external hard drive

 flash drive
 Micro SD

 Cloud storage refers to using a service

that keeps your files on the Internet (in
the “cloud”) rather than storing your
files solely on a device.

 Thunderbolt ports
 universal serial bus (USB) port
 Ethernet port
 HDMI ports