LABORATOIRE D’ENERGIE, MATERIAUX, MODELISATION ET

METHODES

GENIE MECANIQUE ET MATERIAUX

COMPOSITE MATERIAL

Analytical Solutions of Rectangular

Laminated Plates Using CLPT

TPE 1 DONE BY :
ANYAH SAMPSON OBASSI 21G20256
TAHNIE FLORIAN NORMAN 13G00252
KASSI CHARLES 16G02957
DJONKAM TZIEMI ALEX 21G20247

SUPERVISED BY : Dr. Gnidakouong Ngouanom

29/04/22

ANNEE ACADEMIQUE 2021 – 2022

6.1 Governing Equations in Terms of Displacements
In this chapter analytical solutions of antisymmetric cross-ply and angle-ply laminated plates based on the
classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) are developed. The Navier method, the Levy method with the state-
space approach, and the Ritz method are used, depending on the boundary conditions. In all
cases considered in this chapter, the von Karman nonlinear terms in the strain displacement relations are
omitted. Before we begin with the derivation of the exact solutions, it is useful to express the governing
equations in terms of the generalized displacements of the theory. The linear equations of motion of the classical
laminated plate theory (CLPT) can be obtained as:

(6.1.1)

Can be cast in differential operator form as:

(6.1.2)

Figure 6.1.1 A plate with applied forces

Coefficients mij and are defined by:

(6.1.4)

and , , and denote the differential operators

(6.1.5)
Note that the thermal forces and moments, ( , , ) and ( , , ),
are known in terms of the temperature distribution and material coefficients.

6.2 Admissible Boundary Conditions for the Navier Solutions

Simply Supported (SS-l): The displacement boundary conditions are:

(6.1.6)

Sinply Supported-2 (SS-2): The displacement boundary conditions are:

(6.1.7)

6.3 Navier Solutions of Antisymmetric Cross-Ply Laminates

6.3.1 Boundary Conditions

The stress boundary conditions imply, in view of the following SS-1 boundary conditions on the
displacements and stress resultants of the classical laminate theory:

The displacement boundary conditions of SS-1

(6.1.7)

the stress and moment resultants Nxx , Nyy , Mxx , and Myy can be satisfied only if the laminate
stiffnesses, A16,A26,BI6,B26,DI6,D26 are zero (because g(x,y) ≠ 0 for x = 0,a or y = 0,b);
in addition, the thermal force and moment resultants must satisfy the boundary
conditions. Thus, the Navier solutions for rectangular laminated
plates with SS-l boundary conditions may exist only when the laminate stacking
sequences are such that

(6.1.8)

(6.1.9)

(6.1.10)
 (6.1.11)

(6.1.12)

(6.1.13)

6.3.2 Solution

The explicit forms of the coefficients amn , bmn , and cmm are given in matrix form as:

(6.1.14)

(6.1.15)

The differential equations in time can be solved either exactly or approximately.

6.3.3 Bending

The static solution can be obtained by solving the algebraic equations resulting from
Eqs. (6.1.14) by setting the time derivative terms to zero:

(6.1.16)

This procedure of eliminating (or condensing out) a subset of unknowns is known in

structural mechanics as the method of static condensation.

(6.1.17)

Where
 (6.1.18)

If there are no thermal loads, the solution becomes

(6.1.19)

Note that for antisymmetric cross-ply laminates, B66 = 0 and the coefficients in Eq. (6.1.17) can be
simplified.

6.3.4 Determination of Stresses

The in-plane stresses in each layer of a laminate are calculated from constitutive relations. Accounting
for only mechanical and thermal effects, we obtain

(6.1.20)

Where temperature increment ∆T is assumed to be of the form

(6.1.21)

The in-plane stresses of a simply supported (SS-l) cross-ply laminate (i.e., when Q16 = Q26 = 0 and αxy =
0) are then given by:

(6.1.22)

(6.1.23)

The maximum normal stresses occur at (x, y, z) = (a/2, b/2. -h/2), and the shear stress is maximum at
(x, y, z) = (a, b, -h/2). The transverse stresses in a laminate can be determined using the 3-D
equilibrium:
 (6.1.24)

The functions are determine using the boundary conditions.

6.3.5 Buckling

For buckling analysis, we assume that the only applied loads are the in-plane forces

(6.1.25)

Other mechanical and thermal loads are zero.

(6.1.25)

The determinant of the coefficient matrix in should be zero:

(6.1.26)

6.3.6 Vibration

For free vibration, all applied loads and the in-plane forces are set to zero, and we assume a periodic
solution of the form

(6.1.27)

Where i =√ and w is the frequency of natural vibration.

(6.1.28)

For a nontrivial solution, the determinant of the coefficient matrix should

be zero, which yields the characteristic polynomial: ,

where is the eigenvalue and

 (6.1.29)

The real positive roots of this cubic equation give the square of the natural frequency

(6.1.30)

6.4 Navier Solutions of Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminates

6.4.1 Boundary Conditions

The SS-2 boundary conditions imply the following conditions on the generalized displacements and
stress resultants of the classical laminate theory:

(6.1.31)

The displacement boundary conditions are satisfied by assuming the following form of the
displacements

(6.1.32)

Substituting the expansions (6.1.32) into the expressions for N xx , N yy , N xy , M xx , M yy , and M xy

we obtain:
SS-2 boundary conditions exist only when the stacking sequences are such that

6.4.2 Solution

(6.1.40)

Equations (6.1.40) can be expressed in matrix form as

(6.1.41)

6.4.3 Bending

The static solution can be obtained by setting the time derivative terms in Eq.
(6.1.41) to zero:

(6.1.42)

We can determine the solution to Eq. (6.1.42) ( when ) as

(6.1.43)

Where

(6.1.44)

If there are no thermal loads, the solution becomes;

(6.1.45)
6.4.4 Determination of Stresses

The stresses in each layer of an antisymmetric angle-ply laminate can be calculated

(6.1.46)

(6.1.47)

(6.1.48)

6.4.5 Buckling

For buckling analysis, we assume that the only applied loads are the in-plane forces
and all other mechanical and thermal loads are zero:

(6.1.49)

(6.1.50)

Setting the determinant of the coefficient matrix in (6.1.50) to zero, we obtain

(6.1.51)

6.4.6 Vibration

For free vibration reduces to the eigenvalue problem

(6.1.52)

We obtain the cubic characteristic polynomial

In the eigenvalue , where

 (6.1.53)

If the in-plane inertias are neglected

(6.1.54)
In this chapter analytical solutions for bending, buckling under in-plane compressive loads, and
natural vibration of rectangular laminates with various boundary conditions were presented based on
the classical laminate theory.

The Navier solutions were developed for two classes of laminates: antisymmetric cross-ply
laminates and antisymmetric angle-ply laminates, each for a specific type of simply
supported boundary conditions, SS-1 and SS-2, respectively. The Levy solutions
with the state-space approach were developed for these classes of laminates when
two opposite edges are simply supported with the other two edges having a
variety of boundary conditions of choice. A discussion of symmetrically laminated
plates, which are characterized by nonzero bending-twisting coupling terms, is also
presented. For such laminates, one must use approximate methods, such as the Ritz
method or the finite element method because the Navier solutions do not exist for
symmetric laminates. The Ritz solutions for symmetric laminates are discussed in
some detail. Lastly, a transient solution procedure for antisymmetric cross-ply and
angle-ply laminates is presented. In this procedure, the solutions are assumed to
be products of functions of spatial coordinates (x, y) only and functions of time t
only (i.e., separation of variables). The spatial functions are the same as those used
in the static case, and the time variation is determined using the Newmark time
integration scheme.

Numerical results were presented for static bending, buckling, natural vibration,
and transient response of antisymmetric cross-ply and angle-ply laminates. The
presence of bending-extensional coupling in a laminate generally reduces the effective
stiffnesses and hence increases deflections and reduces buckling loads and natural
frequencies. The coupling also increases the period of oscillation in the transient
problems. The coupling is the most significant in two-layer laminates, and it
decreases gradually as the number of layers is increased for fixed total thickness.
The presence of twist-curvature coupling in a laminate also has the effect of
increasing deflections, decreasing buckling loads, and decreasing natural frequencies.
The coupling dies out as the number of layers is increased for fixed total thickness.
The effects of bending-stretching coupling and twist-curvature coupling on
deflections, buckling loads, and natural frequencies of general laminates, for example,
unsymmetric laminates, can only be assessed by specific studies. 8uch laminates can
be analyzed only with approximate methods of analysis. In general, the bending-twisting coupling in
symmetrically laminated plates has the effect of increasing deflections and decreasing buckling loads
and natural frequencies of vibration. Analysis of such laminates by the Ritz method is
characterized by slow convergence.