Generalized Corpora

Next is the broadest type of corpus which known as the generalized corpus or the “reference corpora”.
Generalized corpora are often very large, more than millions of words, and contain a variety of language
so that findings from it may be somewhat generalized. Although no corpus will ever represent all
possible language, generalized corpora seek to give users as much of a whole picture of a language as
possible. The British National Corpus which has 100 million words, Brown Corpus and Lancaster-Oslo-
Bergen Corpus which has both 1 million words) are examples of large, generalized corpora. The Corpus
of Contemporary American English which has a one-billion-word is also an example of a generalized
corpus. These large, generalized corpora contain written texts such as newspaper and magazine articles,
works of fiction and nonfiction, as well as writing from scholarly journals; these corpora also contain
spoken transcripts such as informal conversations, government proceedings, and business meetings. If
generalizations about language as a whole are to be drawn, a large, general corpus should be consulted.

The approach to corpus linguistics can also be used to lists occurrences of word in context, Identify
syntactic use of word, Identify range of meanings, Identify relative frequency of different uses or
meanings, and compare distribution of close synonyms. Furthermore, corpus linguistics can be direct
and indirect method, where students participated as researchers and worked directly with corpora.
Indirect applications on the other hand are in the sense of using corpus as a research method in the
process of dictionaries, syllabuses, textbooks, and teaching materials productions. Learner corpus is an
important tool for testing student performance, and relevance of a particular target language features to
students' background. Also, it helps teachers to know whether a particular target feature is difficult or
not. Finally, we need to add that the term corpus in applied linguistics is generally concerned with the
collection of naturally occurring texts that is the language that was generated by real speakers and
writers rather than the language that was invented solely for the purposes linguistic analysis and
argumentation.

Thank you ma’am Jorgie. So moving forward, as we can see here in the table given, the International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is used to describe sounds, with each character representing a different
phoneme. So how this table works? Basically, Phonemes are grouped into consonant and vowel sounds
and described in terms of how they are physically produced like our example here: the l in leaf and r in
reef which linguistically describe with no actual friction occurs, since in [l], the tip of the tongue is raised
while in [r], the tongue is curled at the back. Thus, Consonants are classified based on their manner and
place of articulation as ma’am jorgie mentioned earlier; that is, the way in which the airflow moves up
from the lungs through the vocal chords to the mouth and/or nose as well as its constriction by the
shaping of the tongue and lips. Vowel sounds, on the other hand, are categorized by the tongue’s
relative height (high/closed, low/open) and positioning in the mouth (front, middle, back) along with
whether the speaker’s lips are rounded or spread.

So in conclusion, when identifying sounds, it is always a good idea to consult the IPA chart. Hence,
always remember that Phonological analysis in stylistics means investigating the ways in which the sonic
properties of a text contribute to the literary experience. Furthermore, the auditory quality of language
is precisely the point of some poems. Sound poetry, for instance, is a genre defined by the fact that it
privileges sound over all other elements, including semantics and syntax.