RESEARCH II QUARTER 1 Week 3

C.N: _________
NAME: ___________________________________________ GR. & SEC: _____________________

INTEL-ISEF
Learning Competencies:
The learner:
1. discuss the Intel ISEF Ethics Statement;
2. develop and demonstrate the roles and responsibilities of students as a
researcher,
3. describe the forms needed in the INTEL-ISEF-organized fairs
4. recognize the ethical principles of research.

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE?

Read the simple instructions below to successfully meet the objectives of this kit.
1. Follow and read carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every
page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lesson. Writing enhances
learning.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/ guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually and answer the “Let’s Assess What You Have Learned”
part.
6. Enjoy studying!

PreTest
Directions: Write the letter that corresponds to the definition of the following terms
on the blank provided before the number.
____1. This section of IMRaD interprets the most significant results as they help shed light
on the study’s research questions.
A. introduction C. method
B. discussion D. result
____2. The section of IMRaD where explanation of why a research is important or
necessary.
A. Introduction C. method
B. discussion D. result
____3. Which section of IMRaD paper shows the relationship among the facts and
interpretation of findings are placed?
A. discussion C. methods and materials
B. introduction D. result
____4. It is referred to as the mini-version of a research paper.
A. rationale C. abstract
B. introduction D. conclusion
____5. This style of citation is referred to as the reference page.
A. work cited page style C. Chicago style
B. CSE style D. APA style

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 LOOKINGBACK
LOOKING BACK
Creating Citations
Citing your sources means that you give credit for the ideas and information you’ve
used in your paper. It builds credibility and helps readers understand where your ideas come
from. In this lesson, you’ll learn what elements make up a citation, where to find the
necessary information for a citation, and how to compose your own citations.
Citations appear in the body of your paper and point your reader to your references.
For that reason, we sometimes call them in-text citations. They are also sometimes called
simply cites. Citations can appear in a paper in two ways:

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, a
program of Society for Science & the Public, is the world’s largest
international pre-college science competition. Through a global
network of local, regional and national science fairs, top students
are selected from millions, all who have demonstrated their
knowledge of science and engineering to further their
understanding of the world and improve the way we work and
live.
Intel believes that young people are the key to future innovation.
In addition to collaborating with Society for Science & the Public on the Intel International
Science and Engineering Fair for more than 20 years.

Ethics Statement:

Student researchers, as well as adults who have a role in their projects, are expected
to maintain the highest ethical standards. These include, but are not limited to:

 Integrity. Honesty, objectivity, and avoidance of conflicts of interest are expected

during every phase of the research. The project should reflect independent research
done by the student(s), and represent only one year’s work.
 Legality. Compliance with all federal, country, state and local laws is essential. All
projects must be approved by a Scientific Review Committee (SRC), and when
necessary must also be approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), Institutional
Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), and/or Institutional Biosafety Committee
(IBC).
 Respect for Confidentiality and Intellectual Property. Confidential
communications, as well as patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual
property must be honored. Unpublished data, methods, or results may not be used
without permission, and credit must be given to all contributions to research.
 Stewardship of the Environment. It is the responsibility of the researcher(s) and the
adults involved to protect the environment and its organisms from harm. All projects
involve some amount of risk. Everyone is expected to recognize the hazards, assess
the risks, minimize them, and prepare for emergencies.
 Animal Care. Proper care and respect must be given to vertebrate animals. The
guiding principles for the use of animals in research includes the following “Four
R’s”: Replace, Reduce, Refine, Respect.
 Human Participant Protection. The highest priority is the health and well-being of
the student researcher(s) and human participants.
 Potentially Hazardous Biological Agents (PHBAs). It is the responsibility of the
student and adults involved in the project to conduct and document a risk
assessment, and to safely handle and dispose of organisms and materials.

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 Scientific fraud and misconduct are not condoned at any level of research or
competition. This includes plagiarism, forgery, use or presentation of other researcher’s work
as one’s own and fabrication of data. Fraudulent projects will fail to qualify for competition
in affiliated fairs and the Intel ISEF Society for Science & the Public reserves the right to
revoke recognition of a project subsequently found to have been fraudulent. (Source:
International Rules: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs 2017 – 2018
student.societyforscience.org/intel-isef)

ACTIVITY 1: “Going International”

International Rules for Pre-College Science Research: Guidelines for Science and
Engineering Fairs 2019–2020

Familiarity with the rules is critical for students, parents, teachers, mentors, fair
directors and local and affiliated fair Scientific Review Committees (SRC) and Institutional
Review Boards (IRB).

The Next Generation of STEM Leaders

Every year, tens of millions of students participate in
science fairs around the globe but only about 1,800 earn the
right to compete for nearly $5 million awards bestowed each
May at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering
Fair (ISEF). In 2021, the competition will take place virtually
in order to keep our finalists, volunteers, judges and staff safe
during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.

International Rules
The International Rules for Pre-college Science Research:
Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs are published
annually to support students doing independent research
safely. The International Rules are the official rules of the
2019 Intel International Regeneron ISEF and students competing at Society-affiliated
Science and Engineering Fair science fairs.
Winner2019

The purpose of these rules is to:

 protect the rights and welfare of the student
researcher
 protect the rights and welfare of the human
participant
 ensure adherence to federal regulations
 ensure use of safe laboratory practices
 protect the environment
 determine eligibility for competition in the
Regeneron ISEF 2021

Approval and Documentation

Research Plan/Project Summary

Every student must complete the Student Checklist (1A), a Research Plan/Project Summary
and Approval Form (1B) and review the project with the Adult Sponsor in coordination with
completion by the Adult Sponsor of the Checklist for Adult Sponsor (1).

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Sample of Student Checklist:

EXERCISE:
Explain each questions, before you begin writing, read the passage carefully and plan
what you will say. (Use your notebook or a separate sheet of paper for your answer)

1. Why is it necessary for a student to 2. Do you believe that the youth of today is
learn about Intel-ISEF? Next Generation of STEM Leaders? Why?

ACTIVITY 2: “Principles of Research Ethics”

Ethics
Definition: Process of applying moral standards and principles in any undertaking.

In the concept of research:

 methodology or perspective in making sound and right decisions pertaining to actions
to be taken,
 analysis of intricate problems and issues.

At the core, these ethical principles stress the need to

(a) do good (known as beneficence) and
(b) do no harm (known as non-malfeasance).

In practice, these ethical principles mean that as a researcher, need to:

(a) obtain informed consent from potential research participants;
(b) minimise the risk of harm to participants;
(c) protect their anonymity and confidentiality;
(d) avoid using deceptive practices; and
(e) give participants the right to withdraw from your research.
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 Another way of defining 'ethics' focuses on the disciplines that study standards of
conduct, such as philosophy, theology, law, psychology, or sociology. Many different
disciplines, institutions, and professions have standards for behavior that suit their
particular aims and goals. These standards also help members of the discipline to coordinate
their actions or activities and to establish the public's trust of the discipline. For instance,
ethical standards govern conduct in medicine, law, engineering, and business.
Ethical norms also serve the aims or goals of research and apply to people who conduct
scientific research or other scholarly or creative activities. There is even a specialized
discipline, research ethics, which studies these norms.

ETHICAL PRINCIPALS

1. Honesty - Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly

report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not
fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do not deceive colleagues, research
sponsors, or the public.

2. Objectivity - Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis,

data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert
testimony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected or
required. Avoid or minimize bias or self-deception. Disclose personal or
financial interests that may affect research.

3. Integrity - Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive
for consistency of thought and action.

4. Carefulness - Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically

examine your own work and the work of your peers. Keep good records of
research activities, such as data collection, research design, and
correspondence with agencies or journals.

5. Openness - Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism

and new ideas.

6. Intellectual Property - Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of

intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results
without permission. Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all
contributions to research. Never plagiarize.

7. Confidentiality - Protect confidential communications, such as papers or

grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets,
and patient records.

8. Responsible Publication - Publish in order to advance research and

scholarship, not to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and
duplicative publication.

9. Responsible Mentoring - Help to educate, mentor, and advise students.

Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions.

10. Respect for Colleagues - Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly.

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 11. Social Responsibility - Strive to promote social good and prevent or
mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.

12. Non-Discrimination - Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students

on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors not related to scientific
competence and integrity.

13. Competence - Maintain and improve your own professional competence

and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote
competence in science as a whole.

14. Legality - Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental
policies.

15. Animal Care - Show proper respect and care for animals when using them
in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal
experiments.

16. Human Subjects protection - When conducting research on human

subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human
dignity, privacy, and autonomy; take special precautions with vulnerable
populations; and strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly.

(SOURCE: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfm)

CURRENT ISSUES INVOLVING ETHICS IN RESEARCH

A. ANIMAL RIGHTS & WELFARE
B. HUMAN RIGHTS
C. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT – related to scientific dishonesty

A. ANIMAL RIGHTS & WELFARE IN RESEARCH

 ANIMAL WELFARE – refers to the consideration of what the animals feel when a certain
procedure is done on them.
 ANIMAL RIGHTS – assume that animals think, feel, and protect the interest of other
animal species.
Researcher are concerned w/ the welfare of animals that is why they ensure that in
every procedure, there should be minimal pain and stress to animal

IF THE USE OF ANIMALS IS INEVITABLE

3 R’s must be considered
 REDUCE – least number of animal subjects is recommended.
 REFINE – if harm cannot be avoided, research procedures are evaluated and
refined carefully to minimize possible pain & suffering of the animal subjects.
 REPLACE – if there is a possibility of replacing animals by other materials or
other nonliving or nonbiological subjects, replacement option must be explored.

THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACT OF 1998

 PHILIPPINES REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8485
(ANIMAL WELFARE ACT OF 1998) – purpose of this act is to protect and promote the
welfare of all animals in the Philippines by supervising and regulating the
establishment and operations of all facilities utilized for breeding, maintaining,
keeping, treating or training of all animals either as objects if trade, subjects of
research, or as household pets. (by securing a certificate of registration from the
Bureau of Animal Industry.
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  IACUC (Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee) – composed of qualified scientist in
every field or discipline, a civic society member, & a registered veterinarian.
 PALAS (Philippine Association for Laboratory Animal Science) – nongovernmental entity
 Before an animal study can commence, the research proponents must submit their
proposals to the IACUC for review and evaluation.

B. HUMAN RIGHTS IN RESEARCH

1. RIGHT TO VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION – human respondents should not be forced or
coerced ( the act of forcing an individual to participate in a research endeavor by using
threats, rewards, or intimidation)
2. RIGHT TO INFORMED CONSENT – respondents should be informed of all procedures,
potential risks, and benefits that the research would bring. They must demand a
written agreement or an informed consent before they participate in any research.
3. RIGHT TO BE PROTECTED FROM HARM - respondents shall not be subjected to
anything that may cause them inconvenience or physical, emotional, and psychological
harm. (pre-activity orientation, debriefing)
4. RIGHT TO CONFIDENTIALITY – all personal information shall be made confidential
and should not be disclosed to the public at all conditions.
5. RIGHT TO ANONYMITY - respondents may choose not to disclose his or her identity to
anyone, including the researchers themselves.

DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012

Based on Republic Act No. 10173 aka Data Privacy Act of 2012 – this law aims to
protect individual personal information and communications systems in the government and
the private sector.

C. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT
Involves deviation from the universally accepted conduct in research undertakings,
resulting to scientific dishonesty.

AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC DISHONESTY

1. FABRICATION & FALSIFICATION OF DATA – aka “cooking the data”, involve producing
data w/o an actual experimentation or altering data in recording for the intention to
fit them to what are expected.
2. NON-PUBLICATION DATA – involves choosing not to include data because they do not
conform to the well-established body of knowledge or unsupportive of the research
hypothesis.
3. FAULTY DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES – negligence or carelessness lead to errors
in measurement or faulty research instruments.
4. PLAGIARISM – involves claiming another person’s ideas, work or publication. It is a
form of intellectual property stealing and dishonesty that usually happens in scientific
publications.

Activity:
A. Direction: Read the scenario and determine if whether or not you would consider
this as research misconduct.

Scenario: Dr. T has just discovered a mathematical error in his paper that has been accepted
for publication in a journal. The error does not affect the overall results of his research, but
it is potentially misleading. The journal has just gone to press, so it is too late to catch the
error before it appears in print. In order to avoid embarrassment, Dr. T decides to ignore the
error.

Answer: (use your notebook or a separate sheet of paper for your answer)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
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If you were Dr. T, what would you have done?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

B. Essay: What is Ethics in Research and Why is it Important?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 3: “Avoiding Plagiarism”

Activity: Identifying Plagiarism

Please read the scenario and decide how to act out about plagiarism.
Scenario: Desmond’s teacher assigned a history paper six weeks before it was due. Five
weeks pass, and Desmond has been busy with work from other classes. He also works after
school, making it difficult to get started on the paper. He wants to do well since the paper
counts for 20% of the course grade. Desmond soon feels panicky because the paper
requires more than one week of effort. His solution is to photocopy pages from sources that
deal with his topic. Using whole paragraphs from these pages, he hurriedly puts together
his paper. He completes the assignment without including the sources he used.
Answer: (use your notebook or a separate sheet of paper for your answer)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER
Research ethics provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research. In
addition, it educates and monitors scientists conducting research to ensure a high ethical
standard. Ethics is important in research because it keeps the researcher from committing
mistakes or error while searching for knowledge and truth.
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 REFLECTION

Directions: Write a reflective learning on the Reflection prompt below. You may express
yourself in a more creative way such as making illustrations.

1. What concept or skill did you learn today?

2. Does the information you learned 3. Explain in your words the

today connect to something else you importance of ethics in
learned in the past? research?

POST TEST

Directions: Write the letter that corresponds to the definition of the following terms
on the blank provided before the number.
____1. This form of plagiarism uses citations to sources that either don’t exist or are
inaccurate.
A. clone C. remix
B. hybrid D. 404 error
____2. A scientific misconduct that involves producing data w/o an actual experimentation
or altering data in recording for the intention to fit them to what are expected.
A. plagiarism C. fabrication and falsification
B. non publication D. Faulty data gathering procedures
____3. What scientific misconduct involves choosing not to include data because they do not
conform to the well-established body of knowledge or unsupportive of the research
hypothesis.
A. fabrication and falsification C. Faulty data gathering procedures
B. non publication D. plagiarism
____4. What type of plagiarism approach is when only the key words and phrases of the
original text are replaced with synonyms or closely related words?
A. recycle C. mashup
B. find-replace D. retweet
____5. A type of plagiarism where the writer includes proper citation, but the entire work is
mostly composed of citations and lacks original content.
A. aggregator C. hybrid
B. retweet D. CTRL-C

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