MATH 4 QUARTER 2 Week 2

NAME: ___________________________________ GR. & SEC:

_____________________ Competency:

The learner finds the common factors, greatest common factor (GCF),
common multiples and least common multiples (LCM) of two numbers using the
following methods: listing, prime factorization, and continuous division.

Expectations

This module was designed to help you master to find the greatest common
factors (GCF), common multiples and least common multiple (LCM) of two
numbers.

As you go over the exercises, you will develop skills that you will learn to:

1. Use methods to find the greatest common factors, common multiples

and least common multiples (LCM) of two numbers such as:
A. Listing
B. Prime Factorization
C. Continuous Divisions

Pre-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the definition of Greatest Common Factor?
A. The greatest multiple of 2 numbers C. The greatest factor of 2
numbers
B. None of the above D. All of the above
2. Using the continuous division, find the GCF of 12 and 18.
A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12
3. A ________ is the product of one number multiplied by another number.
A. Factor B. Prime C. Multiple D.
Factorization

MATH 4 QUARTER 2 WEEK 2 1|9

 4. Find the LCM of 18 and 24 by using prime factorization.
A. 12 B. 32 C. 72 D. 22
5. Which of the following pairs of number is correctly listed with its LCM?
A. 5 , 10 ; LCM : 50 B. 2 , 3 ; LCM : 6 C. 7 , 9 ; LCM : 21
D. 2 , 6 ; LCM : 12
6. Which of the following lists are the common factors of 16 and 32?
A. 2,4,8,16 B. 2,4,6,16 C. 2,4,8,32 D.
2,4,6,32
7. The greatest common factor of 48 and 60 using continuous division is
__________.
A. 3x4 B. 2x3x4 C. 1x2x3 D. 2x3
8. Find the least common multiple of 30 and 45.
A. 15 B. 30 C. 90 D. 45
9. Which of the following is a factor of 20 and 22?
A. 6 B. 9 C. 5 D. 2
10. What are the common multiples of 12 and 24?
A. 24,48,96,121 B. 24,48,69,120 C. 24,48,72,96 D.
24,28.69,121

Looking Back at your Lesson

From your previous lesson, you have learned to identify factors
and multiples of a given number. Also, you have learned to differentiate
prime from composite numbers. Table 1 shows the Sieve of Eratosthenes.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Highlighted numbers are Composite Numbers while those that are not
highlighted are Prime Numbers. 1 is neither a prime nor a composite, it is
called a Special Number.

Introduction of the Topic

MATH 4 QUARTER 2 WEEK 2 2|9

 Definition of Terms

1. Prime Factors are numbers that are prime. In other words, prime factor is
any of the prime numbers that can be multiplied to give the original
number. Example: The prime factors of 15 are 3 and 5 (because 3 x 5 = 15,
and 3 and 5 are prime numbers).
2. Multiple is the product result of one number multiplied by another
number.
Examples:
4x1=4 4 x 4 = 16
4x2=8 4 x 5 = 20
4 x 3 = 12 4 x 6 = 24
Therefore, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 are multiples of 4.
3. Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is the largest number that can be used
to divide two other numbers.
4. Least Common Multiple (LCM) is the “smallest non-zero common
number” which is a multiple of both the numbers.

Today we are going to learn how to find the Greatest Common Factor
(GCF) and the Least Common Multiple (LCM) using different methods.

Example: Find the GCF of 12 and 18. Example: Find the LCM of
15 and 20

Finding the GCF Finding the LCM

A. Using the Listing Method

Solution: SSolution:
12 = 1x12, 2x6, 3x4 o1. List the first several multiples of 15
l
18 = 1x18, 2x9, 3x6 uand 20
t15: 15,30,45,60,75,90, 105,120,135...
i
Let us list down the factors: 20: 20,40,60,80,100,120,140, 160...
o
(Write the factors in ascending order) n
:2. Identify the first common multiple.

Factors of 12 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,12 The smallest number to appear on both lists

Factors of 18 are: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9,18
Based on our list, the common factors
of 12 and 18 are: 1,2, 3, and 6. And the
greatest is 6.
is 60, so 60 is the least common multiple
of 15 and 20.
Notice that 120 is on both lists, too. It is a
common multiple, but it is not the least
common multiple

Hence, the GCF of12 and 18 is 6. Hence, the LCM of 15 and 20 is 60.

B. Using Prime Factorization Method

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 Solution: Use Factor Tree Solution: Use Factor Tree
12 18 15 20

3 5 4 5

6 2 2 9 2 2
Steps:
2 3 3 3
1. List the prime factors of each number
15 = 3 x 5
Steps: 20 = 2 x 2 x 5
1. List the prime factors of each
number. 2. Bring down the common prime factors and
12 = 2 x 3 x 2 the remaining factors
18 = 2 x 3 x 3 15 = 3 x5
2. Bring down the common prime factors. 20 = 2 x 2 x 5
12 = 2 x 3 x 2 3x2x2x5

18 = 2 x 3 x 3 3. Multiply the factors

3 x 2 x 2 x 5 = 60
2x3
3. Multiply the common factors. Hence, The LCM of 15 and 20 is 60.

2 x3=6

Hence, The GCF of 12 and 18 is 6.

C. Using Continuous Division

Steps:
Steps:
1. Write the given numbers horizontally and
1. Write the numbers horizontally and find a
find a prime number that will divide the
prime number that will divide a number, if
numbers, if possible.
possible.
2. Divide by that prime number and write the
2. Divide by that prime number and write the
quotients below the dividends. Copy any
quotient below the dividends. Copy any
numbers not divided below them.
numbers not divided below the dividend.
3. Continue the process until no two
3. Continue the process until the quotients
numbers have a common prime divisor.
are 1.
4. Multiply all the prime divisors common to
4. Multiply all the prime divisors and the last
the given numbers to get the GCF.
set of quotients to get the LCM.
Example:
Example:

2 12 18 5 15 20
3 6 9 3 4
2 3
5 x 3 x 4 = 60

2x3=6
Hence, the LCM of 15 and 20 is 60.
Hence, the GCF of 12 and 18 is 6.

MATH 4 QUARTER 2 WEEK 2 4|9

 Activities

Activity 1 Find Me
Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Find the LCM of 12 and 18 using listing method.

A. 6 B. 12 C. 18 D. 36
2. List all the factors of 18 and 27. Find the greatest common factor of the two
numbers.
A. 3 B. 6 C.9 D. 12
3. Using Factorization, give the LCM of 32 and 40.
A. 80 B. 100 C. 120 D. 160
4. What is the common factor of 12 and 36?
A. 6 B. 8 C.10 D. 12
5. What is the GCF of 12 and 20?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

Activity 2 Describe Me
Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.

1. The greatest common multiple of 10 and 45.

A. 90 B. 80 C. 70 D. 60
2. The LCM of 15 and 9 is _____.
A. 3 B. 15 C. 45 D. 135
3. The GCF of 30, 36, and 18 is ______.
A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10
4. Find the first two common factors of 12 and 8.
A. 2 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 3 D. 2 and 4
5. Find the LCM of 16, 12 and 8.
A. 90 B. 92 C. 94 D. 96

Remember

To write a number as a product of its prime factors, break it down into

factor pairs.
This is repeated until only prime factors are left.

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 Example: 24 = 6 x 4

Now 6 = 2 x 3 and 4 = 2 x 2. Since 2 and 3 are primes, we stop here.

Finally, we write this

as a product.

24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

Greatest Common Factor is the largest number that can divide evenly
into two other
numbers.
There are methods to find the greatest common factors of two numbers.

1. Listing
• List the factors of each number.
• Look at the factors that both lists have in common.
• Pick out the largest factor that both lists have in common and call
this the GCF.

2. Prime Factorization
• Making factor tree to its number.
• List down the prime factorization for each number.
• Circle the prime factors that each number has in common.
• Multiply the circled numbers together.

3. Upside down Division

• Place the number inside the upside-down division bar.
• Divide both numbers by a common factor. Because the numbers
are even, we could start with 2. The number goes underneath
the bar.
• We will continue to divide until we have two numbers that are
relatively prime. Remember that relatively prime numbers are
numbers that do not have any common factors other than 1.
• Take all the factors at the side and multiply them together.

Example:

GCF = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8

Least Common Multiple is the least or smallest common multiple of

any two or more given natural numbers.
There are methods to find the Least Common Multiple of two numbers

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 1. Listing
• List a few multiples of a given number.
• Circle all the common multiples.
• The number that is on both side of the list is the smallest common
number.

2. Prime Factorization
• Represent the number in the prime factored form.
• Multiply all the prime factors. However, the common factors will
be included only once.

3. Division method
• Find a prime number which is a factor of at least of a given
number.
• If the prime number is a factor of the number, divide the number
by the prime and write the quotient.

Example:

LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 = 40

Check your Understanding

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Express 36 as the product of prime factors.

A. 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 C. 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
B. 2 x 2 x 3 D. 2 x 3 x 3
2. What are the common factors of 18 and 27?
A. 6 and 4 C. 9 and 1
B. 2 and 7 D. 5 and 3
3. Which of the following are the common factors of 60 and 96?
A. 4 , 8 , 12 , 24 C. 2, 4, 8, 12
B. 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 D. 3, 6, 9, 12
4. What is the GCF of 63 and 72 using continuous division?
A. 18 B. 6 C. 9 D. 21
5. What are the common multiples of 12 and 18 using listing method?
A. 36 ,72 and 108 C. 12, 18 and 36

MATH 4 QUARTER 2 WEEK 2 7|9

 B. 18 ,36 and 72 D. 6, 12 and 15

Post-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the definition of Greatest Common Factor?
A. The greatest multiple of 2 numbers C. The greatest factor of 2
numbers
B. None of the above D. All of the above
2. Using the continuous division, find the GCF of 12 and 18.
A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12
3. A ________ is the product of one number multiplied by another number.
A. Factor B. Prime C. Multiple D.
Factorization
4. Find the LCM of 18 and 24 by using prime factorization.
A. 12 B. 32 C. 72 D. 22
5. Which of the following pairs of number is correctly listed with its LCM?
A. 5 , 10 ; LCM : 50 B. 2 , 3 ; LCM : 6 C. 7 , 9 ; LCM : 21 D. 2 , 6
; LCM : 12
6. Which of the following lists are the common factors of 16 and 32?
A. 2,4,8,16 B. 2,4,6,16 C. 2,4,8,32 D.
2,4,6,32
7. The greatest common factor of 48 and 60 using continuous division is
__________.
A. 2x2x3 B. 2x3x4 C. 1x2x3 D. 2x3
8. Find the least common multiple of 30 and 45.
A. 15 B. 30 C. 90 D. 45
9. Which of the following is a factor of 20 and 22?
A. 6 B. 9 C. 5 D. 2
10. What are the common multiples of 12 and 24?
A. 24,48,96,121 B. 24,48,69,120 C. 24,48,72,96 D.
24,28.69,121

MATH 4 QUARTER 2 WEEK 2 8|9

 MATHEMATICS 4
Quarter 2 Week 2
ANSWER SHEET
Name: Math Teacher:
Section: Score:

PRE TEST / POST TEST CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

ACTIVITY 1 FIND ME ACTIVITY 2 DESCRIBE ME

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

MATH 4 QUARTER 2 WEEK 2 9|9