INSTRUCTOR: GENARO T.

ARDINA, LPT
OBJECTIVE

 At the end of the lesson, the students are able to;

 A] Discuss the diagram of the complex and real number system with
their symbols.
 B] Identify the correct place value of a number.
 C] Solve Problems involving Greatest Common Factor and Least
Common Multiple.
 D] Follow the steps effectively in solving GCF and LCM.
 DEFINITION

 A number without fractions;

 An integer;
 In mathematics, whole numbers are the basic counting
numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, … and so on.
 Complex
THE NUMBER SYSTEM Numbers

Mathematical knowledge Imaginary

should consist of a deep
understanding of number
systems algebraic
structures: the system of
real numbers extended
to the system of complex
numbers.
 THE NUMBER SYSTEM

 A COMPLEX NUMBER is one of the form 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖, where 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 are

real numbers and 𝑖 = −1 . When 𝑎 =
0, 𝑏𝑖 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟. Thus, complex numbers also
include real numbers.
 A RATIONAL NUMBER is one which can be expressed as a quotient of
two integers.
 INTEGERS include the natural numbers and their opposites and zero.
Natural numbers are numbers used in counting, while whole numbers
consists of natural number and zero.
 The set of positive integers is also called the set of natural numbers also
known as the set of counting numbers.
 EXAMPLE

 3, 691, 437, 567, 001

 Three trillion, six hundred ninety-one billion, four

hundred thirty-seven million, five hundred sixty-seven
thousand, one
PLACE VALUE CHART
EXPANDED NOTATION
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

 1.) 9836
 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟔

 2.) 123,456
 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟑, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝟎 + 𝟔
HOW?
ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

 Round the number 8,769 to the nearest tens.

 Solution:
TEST DIGIT

8769 ANSWER:
8769 ≈ 𝟖𝟕𝟕𝟎
ROUNDING
DIGIT
 EXERCISE

 Directions: Name the Place Value of the digit 3.

 1.) 83, 479
 2.) 3, 491, 507
 3.) 2, 634, 958
 4.) 76, 319, 204
 5.) 3, 472, 689
 EXERCISE

 Directions: Write the number in words

 1.) 3, 790
 2.) 42, 928
 3.) 58, 473
 4.) 3, 156, 897, 001
 5.) 345, 189
 EXERCISE

 Directions: Write the following numbers in expanded notation.

 1.) 24, 567, 900
 2.) 2, 000, 001
 3.) 189, 456
 4.) 234, 567, 290
 5.) 923, 879, 005
 GREATEST COMMON FACTOR (GCF)

 The greatest common factor is the largest factor that two

numbers share.
 Let’s find the GCF of 12 and 42. First, we need to make a list of
factors for each number.
 12 42
1 x 12 1 x 42
Factors of 12: 2 x 21
2x6
3 x 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,12 3 x 14
4x3 4 x ??
Factors of 42: 5 x ??
1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 6 x 7
42 7x6
Common Factors: 1, 2, 3, 6
Greatest Common Factor: 6
 WHAT IS THE GCF OF 18 AND 27?
18 Factors of 18: 27
1 x 18 1 x 27
1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 2x?
2x9
3x9
3x6 Factors of 27: 4x?
4x? 5x?
1, 3, 9, 27 6x?
5x?
Common Factors: 7x?
6x3 8x?
1, 3, 9 9x3
GCF: 9
WHAT IS THE GCF OF 48 AND 60? Factors of 48:
48 60
1 x 48 1 x 60 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16,
2 x 24 2 x 30 24, 48
3 x 16 3 x 20
4 x 15 Factors of 60:
4 x 12 5 x 12
6x8 6 x 10 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12,
15, 20, 30, 60
Common Factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
GCF: 12
 USING PRIME FACTORIZATION

•Find the prime factorization of each

number.
•Identify the common factors and
multiply them.
 EXAMPLE: GCF OF 27 AND 36
27 36 •Both prime factorizations
have 3x3 in common.
3x9 2 x 18 •Therefore, the GCF is 9.

2x9
3x3
Ans. 3x3
3x3x3 Ans. 2x2x3x3
-
 MULTIPLE
A number that is the product of a given number
and a whole number

 Example:
 LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)

The least number other than zero,

that is a multiple of two or more given
numbers.
Example using List Method:
 multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
 multiples of 9: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54
 The LCM of 6 and 9 is 18.
LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)

There are 3 ways to find the LCM.

 A] List the multiples of the numbers

 B] Prime Factorization
 C] Multiply the numbers times each
other and divide by the GCF.
 Example: Find the LCM of 12 and 18
A] LIST METHOD
 Multiples of 12 are…

12,24,36,48,60,72,….

 Multiples of 18 are…

18,36,54,72,90,108,…
The smallest multiple of the 2 numbers have in
common is the least common multiple.
B] PRIME FACTORIZATION. WRITE DOWN THE
NUMBER THEY HAVE IN COMMON ONLY ONCE, THEN
WRITE DOWN THE LEFTOVER NUMBERS. MULTIPLY
THEM ALL TOGETHER.

12 18

4 2 9
3

3 3
2 2

Numbers in common are 2 and 3

Leftover numbers are 2 and 3
2 x 3 x 2 x 3 = 36
C] DIVIDE BY GCF METHOD

Find LCM of 12 and 18

1st Find GCF – list all factors or use your favorite method.
12 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
18 – 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
2nd Multiply 12 x 18 = 216
3rd Divide 216 ÷ 6 = 36
 420 245

10 42 5 49
35

2 5 7 7
6 7

5 7
3 2

Numbers they have in common: 5 and 7

Leftover numbers: 2, 3, 2, 7
Multiply them all together: 5 x 7 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 7 = 2,940
 APPLICATION
 Samantha has two pieces of cloth.
 One piece is 72 inches wide and
the other piece is 90 inches wide.
 She wants to cut both pieces into
strips of equal width that are as
wide as possible.
 How wide should she cut the
strips?
 Ben exercises every 12 days
and Isabel every 8 days.
 Ben and Isabel both
exercised today.
 How many days will it be
until they exercise together
again?