Finalization Worktext Math

LESSON 11: Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
Objective: Find the common factors and the GCF of 2–4 numbers using continuous division.
EXPLORE
Insert picture of sports fest.
(Drawing Number 1)
There are 36 pupils, 24 teachers and 42 parents playing in a sports fest. What is the
greatest number of player per team if a team must have pupils, teachers and parents as
members. Each team must have equal number of pupils, teachers and parents.
STEPS IN FINDING THE GCF USING CONTINUOUS DIVISION
1. Write the numbers horizontally.

36 24 42
2. Find the greatest prime number that can divide 36, 24 and 42.
3 36 24 42
3. Divide the numbers by the prime number. Write the quotient below.
3 36 24 42
12 8 14
4. Continue the process until no other prime number is common.
3 36 24 42
2 12 8 14
6 4 7
5. Multiply the common divisors
3x2=6
6 is the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of 36, 24 and 42.
Therefore, the greatest number of members in each group is 6.
To check if the answer is correct, let us use LISTING METHOD as another way of finding
GCF of the given numbers.
36 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 36
24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 , 12, and 24
42 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 42
Get all the common factors: 1, 2, 3, and 6

Therefore the Greatest Common Factor of 36 24 and 42 is 6.
Practice Exercises!
Give the sets of common factors of each pair of numbers.
1. 20-
36-
Common Factors: __________
2. 18-
60-
3. 15-
20-
30-
4. 12-
16-
48-
5. 36-
48-
54-
66-
Work out Exercises

Find the GCF of each set of numbers using continuous division.
1. 18 and 27
GCF :
2. 36 and 45
GCF :
3. 12 , 18 and 24
GCF :
4. 45 , 18 and 27
GCF :
5. 24, 30, 36 and 42
GCF :
Challenge!
Read and solve.
1. Find two numbers with a product of 675 and a GCF of 15.
2. The GCF of three numbers is 60. They are multiples of 2, 3 4, 6 and 12. What are
these three numbers?
3. A group of 45 dancers will match behind a group of 30 clowns in a parade. You want
to arrange the two groups in rows with the same number of people in each row, but
without mixing the groups. What is the greatest number of people you can have in
each row?
4. Elsa has 27 violet marbles, 54 blue marbles, and 72 white marbles. She wants to
divide the marbles into groups so that each group has the same number of each color.
What is the greatest number of groups that Elsa can make?
5. Arnel helps his father in their bakeshop. They bake 54 cupcakes and 99 cookies. They
plan to pack them separately in small boxes. What is the biggest number of cupcakes
and cookies that can be placed in boxes if these are of the same number?
Let Sum It Up!

The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is used in expressing a fraction to its simplest
form. One of the methods used is Continuous Division. Here are the steps.
 Write the numbers horizontally.
 Find the greatest prime number that can divide to the given numbers
 Divide the numbers by the prime number and write the quotient below.
 Continue the process until no other prime number is common.
 Multiply the common divisors
Lesson 12: Least Common Multiple
Objective: Find the common multiples and LCM of 2–4 numbers using continuous division.
EXPLORE
INSERT PICTURES OF AN AGRICULTURIST AND SEEDLINGS.
(Drawing Number 2)
Situation: Mr. Santos, the city agriculturist, wants to know the number of seedling she
can give to 2 groups of boys in EPP class.
Mr. Santos: How many members do you have in your group?
Leader I: I have 12 members.
Leader II: I have 18 members
Teacher: I will give the same number of seedlings to each group. You
should give the same number of seedlings to each child in the group. So
the number of seedlings I would give to each group must be divisible by 12 and 18.
Let us find the LCM of 12 and 18 using Continuous Division.
Step 1: Write the numbers horizontally and find a prime number that will divide the numbers,
if possible.
12 18
Step 2: Divide by that prime number and write the quotients below the dividends.
3 12 18
4 6
STEP 3: Continue the process until the quotients are 1.
3 12 18
2 4 6
2 3
STEP 4: Multiply all the prime divisors and the last set of quotients to get the LCM
2 x 2 x 3 x 3 = 36
Therefore, 36 seedlings will be given for each group.
To check if your answer is correct, list all the multiple of the given numbers
12 – 24, 36, 48, 60 72, . . . .
18 – 36, 54, 72 . . . . .
Therefore, 36 is the least common multiple of 12 and 18.
Another example, find the LCM of 24, 12 and 36
3 24 12 36
2 8 4 12
2 4 2 6
2 1 3
2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 = 72
Therefore, 72 is the LCD of 24, 12 and 36
Let us try listing method to check if the answer is correct.

24 = 48, 72, 96, 180 ……..
12 = 24, 36, 48, 60 72, 84 …….
36 = 72, 108 ……
72, is the LCD of 24, 12 and 36.
Practice Exercises
List all the multiple of the given numbers.
1. 8 - ___________ 6. 7 - ___________
2. 12- __________ 7. 14 - ___________
3. 16 - __________ 8. 17 - ___________
4. 19 - __________ 9. 21 - ___________
5. 23 - __________ 10 25 - ___________
Work Out Exercises

Find the LCM of the given numbers. Use Continuous Division Method.
1. 20 and 40
2. 8, 12 and 10
3. 20, 16 and 5
4. 12, 8, 16 and 20
5. 9, 15, 20 and 8
Challenge!
Read, analyze and solve
1. The product of two numbers is 512 and their LCM is 32. What are these two
numbers?
2. Find 2 two-digit numbers whose LCM is 48 and GCF is 8.
3. Rolly can jog around a park in about 9 minutes and his younger sister, Ana, can do it
in about 15 minutes. If they both start at the same time and continue to run around the
park, about how long will it take for them to be next to each other again?
4. Sixto, a security guard, has 3 successive night duties a week. His wife who is a nurse
has 2 successive night duties. When will they see again if they are together now?
5. Mario goes home every other day. His sister goes home every after 3 days. If they see
each other today, when will they see each other again at home?
Let Sum It Up!

These are the steps in finding the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the given numbers using
Continuous Division:
 Write the numbers horizontally and find a prime number that will divide the numbers,
if possible.
 Divide by that prime number and write the quotients below the dividends.
 Continue the process until the quotients are 1.
 Multiply all the prime divisors and the last set of quotients to get the LCM
Lesson 13: Problem Solving Involving GCF and LCM of 2-3 Given Numbers.
Objective: Solve real-life problems involving Greatest Common Factor (GCF) and Least
Common Multiple (LCM) of 2-3 given numbers
EXPLORE
INSERT PICTURES OF A BIRTHDAY PARTY
(Drawing Number 3)
One of the activities during the Birthday Party was a group game. If 72 children, 48
mothers and 56 fathers were present during the party, how many members will each group
have with the same number of members?
How will you solve the problem?
Use 4-step plan
Understand:
 What is asked in the problem? Numbers of group members with the same number of
members.
 What are the facts given? 72 children, 48 mothers and 56 fathers
Plan:
 What will you do to solve the problem? Find the GCF of the given numbers
Solve:
 How is the solution done?
a. By continuous division
2 72 48 56
2
36 24 28
2
18 12 14
9 6 7
2x2x2=8
b. By listing all the factors

72: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
48: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48
56: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
GCF: 8
c. By prime factorization
72: 2 x 2 x 2 x 3x3
48: 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
56: 2 x 2 x 2 x 7
GCF: 2 x 2 x 2 = 8
Check and look back:

 What is the answer to the problem? 8 members each group
Another example,
What is the smallest number of mangoes you can gather that could be divided into
groups of 4, 6 and 8?
Understand:
 What is asked in the problem? Numbers of mangoes that can be divided into groups.
 What are the facts given? 4, 6 and 8 mangoes
Plan:
 What will you do to solve the problem? Find the LCM of the given numbers
Solve:
 How is the solution done?
a. By continuous division
2 4 6 8
2 2 3 4
1 3 2
2 x 2 x 2 x 3= 24
b. By listing all the factors

4= 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40
6= 12, 18, 24, 30 …….
8= 16, 24 ……..
LCM = 24
c. By prime factorization
4=2x2
6=2x 3
8=2x2x2
GCF: 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24
Practice Exercises
Read each problem and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers in your
notebook
1. Ben always drinks 8 0z of orange juice, while Glenn always drinks 6 oz. What is the
least number of glasses they could drink everyday to make sure that they get the same
amount of Vitamin C from the juice daily?
a. UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
What are the given facts? ______________________________________
What is the operation to be used? ________________________
b. PLAN:
What will you do to solve the problem?_____________________
c. SOLVE:
How is the solution done?
d. CHECK AND LOOK BACK:
What is the answer to the problem? ______________________
2. A dairy farm company has two-milk-loading machines. The two machines started
running at the same time. After a few minutes, one machine has loaded 18 cases
while the other loaded 24 cases. This is the first time that the two machines finished
loading a case simultaneously. What is the longest time possible that the machines
could have been running?
a. UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
b. PLAN:
c. SOLVE:
3. Pedro made two types of cakes: chocolate and vanilla. He cut all of the chocolate
cakes into 14 slices each and all of the vanilla cakes into 12 slices each. If Pedro
ended up with the same total number of slices of each type of cake, what is the
minimum number of slices for each type?
a. UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
b. PLAN:
c. SOLVE:
Work Out Exercises
Read, analyze and solve the problem. Write your answers in your notebook.
1. Jacob practices playing guitar every 11th day and the flute every 3rd day. He practiced
both the guitar and the flute today. How many days until he practices the guitar and
flute again in the same day?
2. Noy is going to plant 54 mango trees and 27 coconut trees. He would like to plant the
trees in rows that all have the same number of trees and all are made up of only one
type of tree. What is the greatest number of trees Noy can have in each row?
3. A factory is to pack chocolates in boxes of 50 and 75 pieces. What is the smallest
number of chocolates that can be packed using the boxes?
4. Ana is baking cookies to put in packages for a fundraiser. She has made 86 chocolate
chip cookies and 42 sugar cookies. She wants to create identical packages of cookies
to sell, and she must use all of the cookies. What is the greatest number of identical
packages that Ana can make?
5. Mrs. Gonzales has 96 spoons and 84 forks. If she will put them in trays of spoons and
forks with the same number, what is the biggest number of spoon or forks that a tray
will contain?
Challenge
Challenge yourself by solving these problems. Write your answers in your notebook.
1. Enzo and Beatriz are playing games at their local arcade. Incredibly, Enzo
wins 12 tickets from every game, and Beatriz wins 16 tickets from every game. When
they stopped playing games, Enzo and Beatriz had won the same number of total
tickets. What is the minimum number of games that Enzo could have played?
2. Rafaela is a mathematics teacher and has 25 girls and 35 boys in her class. She wants
to divide the class into teams of the same size, where each team has the same number
of girls and the same number of boys. If Rafaela creates the greatest number of teams
possible, how many boys will be on each team?
Sum It Up
There are four steps in analyzing word problems these are:
1. Understand
2. Plan
3. Solve
4. Check And Look Back
Lesson 14: Creating Problems(With Reasonable Answers)involving GCF and LCM of

2-3 Given Numbers.
Objective: Create problems(with reasonable answers)involving GCF and LCM of 2-3 given
numbers.
EXPLORE
Do you know how to create a problem involving Greatest Common Problem (GCF) or Least
Common Multiple (LCM)?
Here is how….
 Familiarize yourself with the concepts of GCF and LCM and their application to real
life situation.
 Think of the type of problem you want to create.
 Read some problems and study their solutions.
Examples:
A. Grace has 64 candies. Shella has 48 candies. They want to put

the candies inside the box so that each box will have the same
number of candies.
B. KELLEN bus for San Jose del Monte leaves Manila every 56
minutes.
SANTRANS bus for San Jose del Monte leaves Manila every
42 minutes.
Study the two examples above.
Problem A involves finding the Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
Grace has 64 candies. Shella has 48 candies. They want to put

the candies inside the box so that each box will have the same
number of candies.
So, you can for a question like this,
What is the greatest possible number of candies inside each box and number of boxes
they can use?
Problem B involves finding the Least Common Multiple (LCM)
KELLEN bus for San Jose del Monte leaves Manila every 56
minutes.
SANTRANS bus for San Jose del Monte leaves Manila every
42 minutes.
You can create question from this example as simple as this,
How often do the two buses for San Jose del Monte leaves Manila at the same time?
Another example.
Godfrey has 32 red marbles and 48 white marbles. He wants to put

the marbles inside the plastic bags so that each plastic bag will have
the same number of marbles.
From the given example, you can form questions either GCF or LCM
For GCF, we can write,

What is the greatest possible number of marbles inside each plastic bags and number
of plastic bags he can uses?
And, for LCM, we can create question like this,
What is the least number of marbles he can put inside the plastic bags?
Can you make another problem similar to these examples?
Practice Exercises
Write a question to complete each item. Then solve each problem.
1. Alma and Mary love roses. Alma has 36 red roses while Mary has 48 white roses.
They plan to put their roses in the vase.
Question: ___________________________________________
Solution: ____________________________________________
2. Errol, Larry and Richard love playing marbles. Randy has 24 marbles, Larry has 32
marbles and Richard has 16 marbles. They plan to keep their marbles in a clear jar.
Question: ___________________________________________
Solution: ____________________________________________
3. Lola Tining prepares ube and pastilyas for her grandchildren. She arranges the ube in
a tray with 30 ube and 15 pastilyas.
Question: ___________________________________________
Solution: ____________________________________________
4. Edgar bought equal numbers of peanuts and cashew nut at the store. The
peanuts came in packs of 33. Meanwhile, the cashew came in packages of
46.
Question: ___________________________________________
Solution: ____________________________________________
5. A P.E. teacher needs to divide 9 male students and 12 female students into teams,
each with the same combination of male students and female students and nobody
will be left out.
Question: ___________________________________________
Solution: ____________________________________________
Work Out Exercises
Create some problems involving GCF and LCM. Write a problem for the numbers and
phrases in the box.
1.
36 and 24 Marshmallows put Biggest Number
marshmallows inside a box
2.
56 and 40 Armchairs arranged Least Number
armchairs in a hall
3.
72 and 84 Boxes of ball pens Greatest Number
ball pens
4.
50 and 100 Bundles of string Least Number
string beans beans
5.
120 and 96 Seedlings planted Biggest Number
seedlings inside the pot
Challenge
Create Problems involving GCF or LCM based on the following situations.
1. The girls are arranging the flowers inside the vase.

2. Pupil shared fruits with his classmates.
3. Linda is selling bananacue every afternoon.
Sum It Up!
To create a problem involving Greatest Common Problem (GCF) or Least Common Multiple
(LCM) here are some suggestions:
 Familiarize yourself with the concepts of GCF and LCM and their application to real
life situation.
 Think of the type of problem you want to create.
Lesson 15: Addition of Fractions
Objective: Add fractions and mixed fractions without and with regrouping
EXPLORE
Study This Problem.

6 4
Trina used meter of portfolio and plastic to cover her art portfolio and meter for
8 8
her notebooks. How many meters of plastic cover did she use?
To answer this problem use this steps.

Step 1: Add the numerators.
6 4 10
+ =
8 8 ❑
Step 2: Copy the common denominator
6 4 10
+ =
8 8 8
Step 3:If your answer is an improper fraction, express it as a mixed number
10 2
change to mixed number 1
8 8
Step 4: Express your answer to lowest term by getting its GCF
2 2 1
1 ÷ =1
8 2 4
1
Therefore, 1 meters of plastic cover did she use.
4
You can use illustration to check if your answer is correct.
INSERT PICTURE OF PLASTIC COVER
Plastic cover Plastic cover Plastic cover

+ =
showing 6/8 showing 4/8 showing 1 1/8
artfolio notebook Plastic cover used
See Examples below:

1
7 1 8 8 2
1. + = What is the lowest term of ?
16 16 16 16
1
4 2 6 6 93
2. 6 + 3 = 9 What is the lowest term of9 ?
9 9 9 9
6 8 9 23
3. 5 +2 +3 = 10 Change improper fraction to mixed number
11 11 11 11
1
12
23 1 1 11
= 2 10 + 2 =
11 11 11
Read and understand the problem below.

2 4
Faith ate of pizza. Mark ate of the same pizza. How many parts of the pizza did
3 5
they eat in all?
What operation should be used to solve the problem? Addition
2 4
Equation: + =n The fractions to be added are dissimilar
3 5
How to add dissimilar fraction? Follow this steps.
STEP 1: Change dissimilar to similar fractions by getting its Least Common Denominator.
2 4 ❑ ❑
+ = +
3 5 15 15
STEP 2: Divide denominators then multiply its numerator.
2 4 10 7
+ = +
3 5 15 15
STEP 3: Add numerators and copy the denominators.
10 7 17
+ =
15 15 15
STEP 4: If the answer is an improper fraction, change it to a mixed number.
17 2
=1
15 15
STEP 5: Express the fraction to its lowest term if possible.
2
1 is in the lowest term.
15
2
Therefore, 1 of pizza did they eat in all.
15
Study other examples.
4 3 2
1. + + =n What is the Least Common Denominator? 20
10 5 4
Solution:
4 3 2 8 12 10 30 10 1
+ + = + + = = 1 = 1
10 5 4 20 20 20 20 20 2
6 9
2. 5 +8 =n What is the Least Common Denominator? 60
15 12
Solution:
6 9 24 45 69 9 9 9 3
5 +8 =5 +8 = 13 = 1 = 13 + 1 = 14 14
15 12 60 60 60 60 60 60 20
6 7
3. 34 + = n What is the Least Common Denominator? 72
8 9
Solution:
6 7 54 56 110 38 38 19
34 + = 34 + = 34 = 34 + 1 = 35 = 35
8 9 72 72 72 72 72 36
Practice Exercises
A. Find the sum. Write your answer in lowest term.

8 2 1 2 3
1. + = 4. 8 + 12 + 3 =
11 11 9 9 9
5 1 3 12 8 4
2. + + = 5. 15 + 17 + =
10 10 10 20 20 20
5 3 4
3. 4 + + =
8 8 8
B. Match the fractions in Column A with their sum in Column B. Write only the letter on
the space provided before each number.
Column A Column B
5 3 a. 5
_____1. + =n
8 10 1
b. 49
2
1 1 37
_____2. 3 +3 =n c.
4 2 40
1 3 1 1
_____3. 3 + +1 =n d. 5
5 10 2 10
61
e. 9
1 1 1 84
_____4. 6 +1 +2 =n
3 7 4 1
f. 5
2
19
g. 49
26
Work Out Exercises
Read, analyze and solve the problems.
1. Luz was a participant in the program for the “Buwan n g Wika”. She sewed a “tapis”
1 1
and a “baksa” for her costumes. She used 1 meter and had meter left after. How
4 4
much material did she have before she made the costume?
4
2. The group of Grade V pupils needed paint for the masks. They used 10 liters of red
8
5 7
paint, 2 liters of blue paints and 1 liters of white paint. How many liters of paint
8 8
did they use altogether?
3 8
3. For her costume, Jenny bought 3 meters of ribbon for her skirt and 12 meters
10 10
for her blouse. How many meters of ribbon did Jenny buy?
4 3 2
4. English takes 1 hour; Mathematics 1 hours, and Science 1 hours. How much
5 5 5
time is spent for the three subjects?
4 5 2 1
5. Nelly jogged 1 km, walked 2 km, ran km, walked another 1 then jogged
10 10 10 10
8
km. How many kilometers did she travel in all?
10
Challenge
Read the problem carefully then answer the questions that follow.
1 2
1. Maggie bought 10 m of printed cloth and 2 m of plain white cloth. How many
4 5
meters cloth did she buy in all?
UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
PLAN:
SOLVE:
CHECK AND LOOK BACK:
2 1 4
2. Mrs. Salvador bought cloth foe her three nieces. If she gave them 1 m, 2 and 3
5 2 5
m each, how many meters of cloth did she buy in all?
UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
PLAN:
SOLVE:
2 1 3
3. Lito harvested 50 sacks of palay, 25 sacks of corn and 18 sacks of mango. How
3 2 4
many sacks did he harvest in all?
UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
PLAN:
SOLVE:
Sum It Up
Steps in adding similar fraction

Step 1: Add the numerators.
Step 2: Copy the common denominator

Step 3:If your answer is an improper fraction, express it as a mixed number
Step 4: Express your answer to lowest term by getting its GCF
Steps in adding dissimilar fraction
STEP 1: Change dissimilar to similar fractions by getting its Least Common Denominator.
STEP 2: Divide denominators then multiply its numerator.
STEP 3: Add numerators and copy the denominators.
STEP 4: If the answer is an improper fraction, change it to a mixed number.
STEP 5: Express the fraction to its lowest term if possible.
Lesson 16: Subtraction of Fraction
Objective: Subtract fractions and mixed fractions without and with regrouping.
EXPLORE
Study this problem.
10 6
Sandra has 3 meter of green ribbon and 1 meter of red ribbon. How much longer is the
12 12
green ribbon than the red ribbon?
To answer the problem, use the following steps.
STEP 1: Subtract the numerators.
10 6 4
3 -1 =
12 12 ❑
STEP 2: Subtract whole numbers.
10 6 4
3 -1 =2
12 12 ❑
STEP 3: Copy the denominator.
10 6 4
3 -1 =2
12 12 12
STEP 4: Reduce to lowest term by getting its GCF if possible.
4 4 1
2 ÷ =2
12 4 3
1
Therefore, 2 m green ribbon is longer than red ribbon.
3
See other examples below.
4 1
Example 1: Subtract 1 from 5
8 8
a. Regroup the minuend.
1 4
5 -1 ( We cannot subtract 1 from 4)
8 8
1 8 1 9 4
5 =4 + = 4 -1
8 8 8 8 8
b. Subtract the numerator.

9 4 5
4 -1 =
8 8 ❑
c. Subtract whole numbers
9 4 5
4 -1 =3
8 8 ❑
d. Copy the denominator. Reduce to lowest term if possible.
9 4 5
4 - 1 = 33
8 8 8
2
Example 2: 25 - 20 =n
6
a. Rename whole number as a fraction.
6 6
25 = 24 ( Use because the denominator of the subtrahend is 6)
6 6
b. Subtract the numerator.
6 2 4
24 - 20 =
6 6 ❑
c. Subtract whole numbers
6 2 4
24 - 20 = 4
6 6 ❑
d. Copy the denominator. Reduce to lowest term if possible.
6 2 4 2
24 - 20 = 4 = 4
6 6 6 3
Read and understand the problem below.
2 1
Arlene needs 5 cups of flour to bake a cake, she has cup in her bowl. How many more
3 2
cups of flour does she still need?
What operation should be used in this problem? Subtraction
2 1
Equation: 5 - =n The fractions to be subtracted are
3 2
dissimilar fractions.
Here are the steps in subtracting dissimilar fraction.
STEP 1: Find the LCD of 3 and 2.
2 1 ❑ ❑
5 - = -
3 2 6 6
STEP 2: Divide the denominators and multiply its numerator to find its equivalent fractions.
2 1 4 3
5 - =5 -
3 2 6 6
STEP 3: Subtract numerators. Subtract whole numbers. Copy the denominators and reduce to
lowest term if possible.
4 3 1
5 - =5
6 6 6
See other example below.

8 1
Example 1: Subtract 4 from 7
9 6
a. Find the LCD of 9 and 6
9=3x3
6=3x 2
LCD = 3 x 3 x 2 = 18
1 8 ❑ ❑
7 - 4 = 18 - 18
6 9
b. Find the equivalent fractions and subtract.
1 8 3 16
7 -4 =7 -4 (3 – 16 is not possible)
6 9 18 18
c. Rename the minuend.
3 18 21
6 + =6
18 18 18
d. Solve. Reduce the answer to lowest term if possible.
21 16 5
6 -4 = 2
18 18 18
Practice Exercises:
A. Perform the indicated operation.
3 7
1. Subtract from
5 5
14 13
2. less
3 3
3 2
3. minus
4 4
3 12
4. Take away 6 from 12
18 18
10 6
5. 54 decreased by 18
12 12
B. Follow the given rule to complete the table.

7
RULE: Subtract 3 from the input. Express the answer in lowest term, if necessary
9
Input Output
1
5
9
5
12
9
2
28
9
3
10
9
6
7
9
Work Out Exercises

A. Follow-the-Arrow subtraction Fraction Puzzle. Do the subtraction of fractions along
the paths according to the arrows until you get to the end. You should get the final
answer.
START
End
B. Complete the magic box. Write your answer inside the
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
Challenge
A. Read the problem carefully then answer the questions that follow.
3
1. On a trip to Albay, Pepito spent 8 hours on a train. He slept 2 hours. How many
6
hours was he awake during the trip?
a. UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
b. PLAN:
c. SOLVE:
How is the solution done?_______________________________
9 1
2. One airplane flight takes 3 hour while the other takes 1 hours covering the same
10 5
distance. By how many hours longer is the flight of the first airplane?
a. UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
b. PLAN:
c. SOLVE:
1 2
3. There was 3 melon left over for dinner. At dinner time, the family ate 1 of the
2 3
melon. What part of the melon was left for the next meal?
a. UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
b. PLAN:
c. SOLVE:
B. Read, analyze and solve the problem. Write your answer in your notebook.
1
1. A set of school uniform requires 5 meters of cloth. The dressmaker has two pieces
2
3 3
of cloth. One piece measure 2 meters and the other measures 1 meters. How many
5 4
more meters does she need?
2
2. The sum of all the sides of a triangle is 82 cm. One side measures 35 cm. Another
5
1
side measures 30 cm. How big is the third side?
5
Sum It Up!
A. Steps in subtracting similar fraction
STEP 1: Subtract the numerators.
STEP 2: Subtract whole numbers.
STEP 3: Copy the denominator.
STEP 4: Reduce to lowest term by getting its GCF if possible.
B. Here are the steps in subtracting dissimilar fraction.

STEP 1: Find the LCD of 3 and 2.
STEP 2: Divide the denominators and multiply its numerator to find its equivalent
fractions.
STEP 3: Subtract numerators. Subtract whole numbers. Copy the denominators and
reduce to lowest term if possible.
Lesson 17: Solving Routine and Non-Routine Problems Involving Addition and/or
Subtraction of Fractions Using Appropriate Problem Solving Strategies and Tools.
Objective: Solve routine and non-routine problems involving addition and/or subtraction of
fractions using appropriate problem solving strategies and tools.
EXPLORE
1 3
Josie needs cup of oil for a plain cake and cup of pineapple sponge cake. How many
4 8
cups of oil are needed?
To analyze and solve the problem, you can use these steps.
A. Understand:
1.Read and understand the problem.
2.Know what is asked for in the problem.
The number of cups of oil needed.
3.Find the necessary information
1 3
What are the given facts?: cup of oil for a plain cake; cup of pineapple
4 8
sponge cake
B. Plan
1. What is the operation to be used? Addition
1 3
2.What is the number sentence? + = n
4 8
C. Solve
Solve using the operation
1 3 2 3 5
+ = + =
4 8 8 8 8
D. Check and Look Back

1.See if your answer make sense.
2.State the complete answer.
5
cups of oil needed
8
Study this problem.

7 4
Benjie arrived home from school. He saw 1 of a pie on the dining table. He ate of the
8 8
You can solve this by illustration.
pie. What part of the pie was left?
Insert picture of a Insert picture of a Insert picture of a

Minus equals
1pie pie pie
Drawing Number 5
3
Therefore, 1 part of pizza was left.
8
Practice Exercises
Read, analyze and solve the problem.
7 1
1. A foreigner visits his friend in Bataan. He rode a jeepney 2 km and calesa 3 km
12 12
to reach the house of his friend’s house. How far did the foreigner travel to reach the
house of his friend?
a. UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
b. PLAN:
c. SOLVE:
2. Mrs. Garmas is a very hospitable lady. One day her relative, a balikbayan, visited her.
1
She prepared a delicious meal for her. She bought a piece of fish that weighed 1 kg
6
1
and another 3 kg. How much heavier was the second fish than the first?
4
a. UNDERSTAND:
What is asked? _______________________________________
b. PLAN:
c. SOLVE:
Work Out Exercises
Solve the following problems using illustrations.
2 1 4
1. I have meter of white ribbon, meter of red ribbon and meter of blue ribbon.
10 10 10
How many meters of ribbons do I have?
22 15
2. I divided a whole white cartolina into 100 equal parts. colored black,
100 100
17 11
colored orange, colored violet and colored brown. What part of the cartolina
100 100
was colored? Was not colored?
2 1
3. I have 4 rows of hollow blocks, 3 rows were painted with black while 1 row were
5 5
painted white. How many more rows of hollow blocks painted with black are than
those with painted white?
Challenge
Read, analyze and solve the following problems using illustrations or using 4-step word
problem.
1 1
1. Nathalie Khay jogged 1 kilometer last Monday and 2 kilometers today. How
3 5
many kilometers did she jog for 2 days?
2 7
2. I have two meters of string, My sister has 1 meter while my brother has 3 meters.
9 9
How many meters of string do we have altogether?
4
3. I have 4 whole buko pie. I shared 1 of the pie with my friends. I brought home the
5
rest of the buko pie for my siblings. What part of the buko pie did I bring home for
my siblings?
Sum It Up
 The steps in routine problems are:

a. Understand – Know the what is asked, what are given.
b. Plan – Know the operation. Write the number sentence.
c. Solve – Write the correct labels/units your answer.
d. Check and look Back – Review and check your answer.
 To solve non-routine problems involving division, read and analyze the problem
carefully. Tell what is asked and what are given. Then, use other strategies like act out
the problem, drawing/making a diagram, illustrations, guess and test, working
backward etc. to solve
Lesson 18: Creating Problems (With Reasonable Answers) Involving Addition and/or
Subtraction of Fractions Using Appropriate Problem Solving Strategies.
Objective: Create problems (with reasonable answers) involving addition and/or subtraction
of fractions using appropriate problem solving strategies.
EXPLORE
How do you create a word problem involving addition, subtraction, or addition and
subtraction of fraction?
Observe the following guide:
 Familiarize yourselves with the concepts of addition and subtraction of fractions and
their application to real-life situations.
 Think of the problem you want to write.
You also consider the following when creating a problem.
a. Character
b. Setting/situation
c. Data
d. Key question
Study the table below.

Name Flower They Bought Quantity Unit
2
Angie Rose 2 kg
6
1
Rona Sampaguita 4 kg
6
Study the problem as an example for the given data.
Angie and Rona are best friends. They went to the market to buy some flowers. Angie bought
2 1
2 kg of roses while Rona bought 4 kg of sampaguita. How many kilograms of flowers
6 6
did they buy altogether?
Another example
Study this table
Plant Height
Sampaguita 2
18 inches
3
Gumamela 3
4 inches
4
We can create question using the given data, we can write question like this,
2
Maria Rosa’s sampaguita plant grew 18 inches in one week. Her gumamela plant
3
3
grew 4 inches in one week. How many more inches did the sampaguita grow in a week
4
than gumamela?
Practice Exercise
Use the data below to create one-step word problem involving subtraction of fractions.
Name Fruits They Bought Quantity Unit
5
Lita mango 15 kg
6
1
Rowena avocado 10 kg
6
Work Out Exercise
Use the data below to create two-step word problem involving addition and subtraction of
fractions.
Name Fishes They Bought Quantity Unit

2
Cesar bangus 8 kg
10
4
Mike tilapya 3 kg
10
6
Jeth lapu-lapu 1 Kg
10
Challenge
Using the data below, create a problem for each of the following
1. One-step word problem involving addition of fractions.

2. One-step word problem involving subtraction of fractions.
3. Two-step word problem involving addition and subtraction of fractions.
Root Crops They

Name Quantity Unit
Bought
2
Menchie potatoes 9 kg
8
1
Analyn carrot 3 kg
8
5
Celeste peanut 5 kg
8
Sum It Up
To create a word problem involving addition, subtraction, or addition and subtraction of

fraction observe the following guide:
 Familiarize yourselves with the concepts of addition and subtraction of fractions and
their application to real-life situations.
 Think of the problem you want to write.
You also consider the following when creating a problem.
e. Character
f. Setting/situation
g. Data
h. Key question
Lesson 6.1: Common Factors Using Divisibility
Objective: To find common factors using divisibility
EXPLORE
Factors that two or more numbers have in common are called the common factors of those
numbers. Common Factors are numbers that a set of two or more different numbers can be
divided exactly.
Example 1: Find all numbers that divide 44 and 77.
 44 is divisible by 2, 4, 11, 22 and 44

 77 is divisible by 7, 11 and 77
The common factor of both 44 and 77 is 11.
Therefore, 44 and 77 are both divisible by 11
Example 2: 12 and 30
 12 is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12
 30 is divisible by 2, 3, 5, 6, 15 and 30
So, the common factors of both 12 and 30 are 2, 3 and 6.
Therefore, 12 and 30 are both divisible by 2, 3 and 6

We can say that if the given numbers are divisible by 6, it is also divisible by 3 and 2.
 100 is divisible by 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100

 70 is divisible by 2, 5, 7, 10, 35 and 70
The common factors of both 100 and 70 are 2, 5 and 10
100 and 70 are both divisible by 2, 5 and 10
We can say that if the given numbers are divisible by 10 it is also divisible by 2 and 5.
 45 is divisible by 3, 5, 9, 15, and 45

 54 is divisible by 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27 and 54.
The common factors of both 45 and 54 are 3 and 9
45 and 54 are divisible by both 3 and 9
We can say that if the given numbers are divisible by 9 it is also divisible by 3
 72 is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 36 and 72

 120 is divisible by 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 40, 60 and 120
The common factors of both 72 and 120 are 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12
Therefore, 72 and 120 are divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12
We can say that if the given numbers are divisible by 12 it is also divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8.
Practice Exercises
Write the common factors of the given numbers.
1. 24 and 18 Common Factors: ______________________________

5. 28, 70 and 126Common Factors: ______________________________
Work Out Exercises
Complete the table below. Check the box if the given numbers on the left are divisible by the
numbers at the top and put [X] if not. Number 1 is done for you.
Numbers 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12
1. 27 and 36 X / X X X X / X X X
2. 45 and 90
3. 72 and 130
4. 102 and 66
5. 108 and 306
6. 64 and 120
7. 72 and 96
8. 156 and 100
9. 270 and 117
10. 210, 90 and 120
Challenge
From the given numbers below, write 2 numbers that have common factors
1. 7 = __________, __________
2. 11 = __________, __________
3. 9 and 3 = __________, __________
4. 2, 3 and 6 = __________, __________
5. 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 = __________, __________
Sum It Up
Common Factors are numbers that a set of two or more different numbers can be divided
exactly.
 Numbers that are divisible by 6 is also divisible by 3 and 2.

 Numbers that are divisible by 9 is also divisible by 3
 Numbers that are divisible by 10 is also divisible by 5 and 2
 Numbers that are divisible by 12 is also divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8
Lesson 24: Multiplying a Fraction By Its Reciprocal is Equal to 1
Objective: To show that multiplying a fraction by its reciprocal is equal to 1.
EXPLORE
Reciprocal is a number that when multiplied by a given number gives one as a product.
To get the reciprocal of a fraction, just swap over the numerator and the denominator
Examples:
Fraction Reciprocal
2 8
8 2
4 6
6 4
5 7
7 5
5
5
1
To find the reciprocal of a mixed form, we must change it to an improper fraction, then swap
over the numerator and the denominator.
Example:
1 7
 Convert it to an improper fraction: 2
it becomes
3 3
7 3
 Swap the numerator and the denominator: =
3 7
1 3
Therefore, the reciprocal of 2 is
3 7
Note that the product of a fraction and its reciprocal is always 1.
Examples:
4 5 20
 x = =1
5 4 20
1 5 5
 x = =1
5 1 5
Let us use cancelation method.
x = =1
x = =1
x = =1
Practice Exercises
Give the reciprocal of the given fractions.
5 3
1. = ___________ 6. 12 =___________
9 9
7 6
2. = ___________ 7. 1 5 =__________
11 10
15 6
3. = ___________ 8. 21 =___________
16 8
21
4. = ___________ 9. 12 =___________
25
3
5. 5 =___________ 10. 26 =___________
7
Work Out Exercises
Find the missing number to complete the equation.
❑ 7
1. 4 x = 1
7 34
18
2. x ❑ = 1
39 ❑
1
3. ¿¿ x = 1
100
❑
4. 3 x
3 = 1
❑ 14
5. 2
14 x 33 = 1
❑ ❑
45 x 17 = 1
6.
7 24
7. x = 1
❑ 7
❑ = 1
8. 87 x
❑
❑ x 2 = 1
9. 12
❑ 26
2 2
10. x = 1
8 3
Challenge
Reciprocal Game:
Players will flip pairs of cards. They will try to match the fraction’s reciprocal on it.
Player 1 flips two cards. If the card match, he or she gets to keep both cards. If the cards do not match,
then the cards are flipped back upside-down.
Player 2 gets a turn to try flip matching cards. Players alternate until all cards have been removed
from the game.
When the game is over, the player with the most number of cards wins the game.
3 11 10 4 8 5
4 15 3 10 12 2
2 8 5 6 2
7
5 13 8 5 3
9 10 8 12 8 13
7 4 5 8 9 8
3 1 7 10 6 7
10 7 9 7 11 10
5 11 15 3 9 4
6 6 11 2 8 3
Sum It Up
Reciprocal is a number that when multiplied by a given number gives one as a product.
 To get the reciprocal of a fraction, just swap over the numerator and the denominator
 To find the reciprocal of a mixed form, we must change it to an improper fraction,
then swap over the numerator and the denominator.

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LESSON 11: Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

Insert picture of sports fest.

STEPS IN FINDING THE GCF USING CONTINUOUS DIVISION

1. Write the numbers horizontally.

Therefore, the greatest number of members in each group is 6.

Get all the common factors: 1, 2, 3, and 6

Work out Exercises

Let Sum It Up!

STEP 3: Continue the process until the quotients are 1.

Another example, find the LCM of 24, 12 and 36

Therefore, 72 is the LCD of 24, 12 and 36

Let us try listing method to check if the answer is correct.

Work Out Exercises

Let Sum It Up!

INSERT PICTURES OF A BIRTHDAY PARTY

How will you solve the problem?

Use 4-step plan

b. By listing all the factors

Check and look back:

b. By listing all the factors

Work Out Exercises

There are four steps in analyzing word problems these are:

Lesson 14: Creating Problems(With Reasonable Answers)involving GCF and LCM of

A. Grace has 64 candies. Shella has 48 candies. They want to put

Study the two examples above.

Problem A involves finding the Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

Grace has 64 candies. Shella has 48 candies. They want to put

So, you can for a question like this,

Problem B involves finding the Least Common Multiple (LCM)

You can create question from this example as simple as this,

Godfrey has 32 red marbles and 48 white marbles. He wants to put

For GCF, we can write,

And, for LCM, we can create question like this,

Can you make another problem similar to these examples?

Write a question to complete each item. Then solve each problem.

Work Out Exercises

Create Problems involving GCF or LCM based on the following situations.

1. The girls are arranging the flowers inside the vase.

Study This Problem.

To answer this problem use this steps.

INSERT PICTURE OF PLASTIC COVER

Plastic cover Plastic cover Plastic cover

artfolio notebook Plastic cover used

See Examples below:

Read and understand the problem below.

Study other examples.

A. Find the sum. Write your answer in lowest term.

Work Out Exercises

Read, analyze and solve the problems.

Steps in adding similar fraction

Step 2: Copy the common denominator

Steps in adding dissimilar fraction

Study this problem.

To answer the problem, use the following steps.

STEP 1: Subtract the numerators.

STEP 2: Subtract whole numbers.

STEP 3: Copy the denominator.

STEP 4: Reduce to lowest term by getting its GCF if possible.

See other examples below.

a. Regroup the minuend.

b. Subtract the numerator.

See other example below.

B. Follow the given rule to complete the table.