A variable is a characteristics, number, or quantity that increases or decreases

over time or take different values in different situations. It is anything that

you can change or control
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in an experiment. There are three (3) kinds of variable in an experiment.
Controlled Variable are kept in constant. They do not receive any treatment. In
your previous experiment, the controlled variable are the amount of water and the
sunlight received by plants, the temperature, the amount and type of soil, the
size of the pot where the tomato seeds have been plant.
Independent Variable are the factors that you change or alter during the
experiment. These variables cause corresponding effect on other variable. The
amount or the presence of nitrogen fertilizer is considered as the independent
variable in our experiment.
Dependent Variable are those that you observe and are considered the response to
an independent variable. These include the growth of the plants in terms of
height, number of leaves, and other characteristics.