Topic

Concept of maxima and minima geometrically with its application.

Objective
To verify that amongst all the rectangles of same perimeter, the square has the maximum area.
Pre-requisite Knowledge
(a) Area of rectangle = I x b
(b) Perimeter of rectangle = 2(1 + b)
(c) Knowledge of differentiation.

Materials Required
Chart paper or coloured sheets, card board, white drawing sheets, scissor, scale, pencil, adhesive.
Demonstration
(a) Take a cardboard and paste a white drawing sheet on it.
(b) Cut different size of rectangles having same perimeters (say 48 cm). (as given in the Fig. 18.1)
(c) Paste all rectangles of different sizes on the white drawing sheet pasted on the cardboard. (as shown in the Fig. 18.l)

s, 8
9
10
11
16
15
14 13

12 11.5
13.5

12 12.5
10.5

Fig. 18.1

Observations and Calculations

Perimeter of all rectangles = 48 cm.
(a) Area of rectangle S1 with dimensions = 16 cm x 8 cm = 128 cm 2
(b) Area of rectangle S2 = 15 cm x 9 cm = 135 cm 2
(c) Area of rectangle S3 = 14 x 10 = 140 cm 2
(d) Area of rectangle S4 = 13 x 11 = 143 cm 2
 2
(e) Area of rectangle (square) S5 = 12 x 12 = 144 ~m
if) Area of rectangle S6 = 12.5 x 11.5 = 143.75 cm
(g) Area of rectangle S7 = 10.5x 13.5 = 141.75 cm 2
we observe that area of rectangles s 1 < S2 < S 3 < S 4 < S 5 and area of rectangles S 5 > S 6 > S 7 •
.-. The rectangle S 5 has maximum area having four equal sides. Which is a square.

Result
(a) Perimeter of all rectangles are same but there areas are different.
(b) Of all the rectangles with same perimeter, the square has the maximum area.