Rain for Peru and Ecuador (RAIN4PE)

(https://doi.org/ 10.5880/pik.2020.010)

Carlos Antonio Fernandez-Palomino, Fred F. Hattermann, Valentina Krysanova, Anastasia Lobanova,

Fiorella Vega-Jácome, Waldo Lavado, William Santini, Cesar Aybar, Axel Bronstert
1. Research Department II – Climate Resilience, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam,
Germany
2. Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
3. Hidrología – Estudios e Investigaciones Hidrológicas, Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del
Perú, LIMA, Peru
4. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire GET (IRD, CNRS, UPS, CNES), Toulouse, France
5. Department of Geoinformatics – Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

1. Licence
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

2. Citation
When using the data please cite:
Fernandez-Palomino, C. A.; Hattermann, F. F.; Krysanova, V.; Lobanova, A.; Vega-Jácome, F.; Lavado, W.;
Santini, W.; Aybar, C.; Bronstert, A. (2021). Rain for Peru and Ecuador (RAIN4PE). V. 1.0. GFZ Data
Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2020.010
The data are supplementary material to:
Fernandez-Palomino, C. A.; Hattermann, F. F.; Krysanova, V.; Lobanova, A.; Vega-Jácome, F.; Lavado, W.;
Santini, W.; Aybar, C.; Bronstert, A. (2021). A novel high-resolution gridded precipitation dataset for
Peruvian and Ecuadorian watersheds – development and hydrological evaluation. Journal of
Hydrometeorology. https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0285.1

Keywords
Andes, Amazon, Peru, precipitation, streamflow, random forest, reverse hydrology

1
3. Abstract
RAIN4PE is a novel daily gridded precipitation dataset obtained by merging multi-source precipitation
data (satellite-based Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation, CHIRP (Funk et al. 2015), reanalysis
ERA5 (Hersbach et al. 2020), and ground-based precipitation) with terrain elevation using the random
forest regression method. Furthermore, RAIN4PE is hydrologically corrected using streamflow data in
catchments with precipitation underestimation through reverse hydrology. Hence, RAIN4PE is the only
gridded precipitation product for Peru and Ecuador, which benefits from maximum available in-situ
observations, multiple precipitation sources, elevation data, and is supplemented by streamflow data to
correct the precipitation underestimation over páramos and montane catchments.
The RAIN4PE data are available for the terrestrial land surface between 19°S-2°N and 82-67°W, at 0.1°
spatial and daily temporal resolution from 1981 to 2015. The precipitation dataset is provided in netCDF
format.
For a detailed description of the RAIN4PE development and evaluation of RAIN4PE applicability for
hydrological modeling of Peruvian and Ecuadorian watersheds, readers are advised to read Fernandez-
Palomino et al. (2021).

4. Acknowledgements
The authors thank the East Africa Peru India Climate Capacities (EPICC) Project for funding this research
within the International Climate Initiative (IKI) funded by the German Federal Ministry for the
Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU).

5. References
Fernandez-Palomino, C. A.; Hattermann, F. F.; Krysanova, V.; Lobanova, A.; Vega-Jácome, F.; Lavado, W.;
Santini, W.; Aybar, C.; Bronstert, A. (2021). A novel high-resolution gridded precipitation dataset for
Peruvian and Ecuadorian watersheds – development and hydrological evaluation. Journal of
Hydrometeorology. https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0285.1
Funk, C., Peterson, P., Landsfeld, M., Pedreros, D., Verdin, J., Shukla, S., Husak, G., Rowland, J., Harrison,
L., Hoell, A., & Michaelsen, J. (2015). The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations—a new
environmental record for monitoring extremes. Scientific Data, 2(1).
https://doi.org/10.1038/SDATA.2015.66
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz‐Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C.,
Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G.,
Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., … Thépaut, J. N. (2020). The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the
Royal Meteorological Society, 146(730), 1999–2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/QJ.3803