82 J.P. Veefkind et al.
/ Remote Sensing of Environment 120 (2012) 70–83
model error of the approximate radiative transfer model stays below
5%, which makes the proposed CO column retrieval approach suitable
for the operational data processing of SWIR TROPOMI measurements.
The same study identifies uncertainties in the prior knowledge on
CH4 as a significant error source. Here an error of ±5% on the CH4
column density results in an error on the retrieved CO column of
about 3–9%, depending on cloud fraction. This contribution to the
total CO error budget can be avoided if instead of methane molecular
oxygen is used to derive effective cloud fraction and cloud height. Here
TROPOMI measurements of the O2 A band at 760 nm can be used to de-
termine effective cloud parameters for the SWIR CO retrieval. This ap-
proach requires spatially co-aligned TROPOMI measurements of both
bands. A performance analysis of a corresponding retrieval approach
using simultaneously SWIR and O2 A band TROPOMI measurements
will be investigated in a follow-on study.
7. Conclusions
The S-5 P mission is a low Earth orbit satellite developed as part of
the GMES Space Component Programme to provide timely and high-
quality information and services on the air quality, climate and the
ozone layer. With a planned launch date of March 2015 and a lifetime
of 7 years, the mission is both a gap-filler and a preparatory project
for Sentinel 5. To fulfill the objective to serve as a gap-filler, the
short development time for the mission is an important constraint.
The TROPOMI UVNS spectrometer is the payload of the S-5 P mission.
The use of an instrument concept that uses 2 dimensional detectors to
provide the combination of daily global coverage and good signal-to-
noise has a strong heritage from OMI, whereas the SWIR band has
heritage from SCIAMACHY. As compared to these heritage instru-
ments the 7 × 7 km 2 spatial resolution and the improved signal-to-
noise ratio will be a large step forward toward the challenging
Sentinel-5 requirements. The SWIR module of the TROPOMI instru-
ment uses a new developed immersed grating that is necessary to
make an instrument within the available mass and volume. The
planned formation flying with the NPP satellite will enable important
synergies, including the usage of high spatial resolution imager data
for enhanced cloud clearing of the TROPOMI data. The availability of
MetOp (GOME-2 and IASI) measurements will provide complementa-
ry information on the diurnal variability.
The S-5 P data products include atmospheric constituents such as
O3, NO2, SO2, CO, CH4, CH2O, and aerosol properties, which play a key
role in atmospheric processes important for air quality, climate forc-
ing, and the ozone layer. The development of the data products recog-
nizes the trends in the data utilization of current missions, including
the consistency between products, the need for sophisticated error
characterization, and the timely availability. The latter means that
most products will be available as near-real-time delivery. The accu-
racy of most of the S-5 P products will meet the requirements. For
the air quality requirements on anthropogenic SO2 and CH2O this
will not be the case for individual measurements, but after spatial
and/or temporal averaging these products will be valuable for im-
proving existing emission sources.
The S-5 precursor will continue the existing high spatial resolution
data record of OMI, as well as the SWIR measurement of SCIAMACHY.
Meanwhile a major step is made toward the Sentinel-5 mission that is
planned for 2020 onwards. The TROPOMI instrument with its high
spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise will provide exciting new
information on the changing composition of the troposphere.
Acknowledgments
The TROPOMI national program in The Netherlands is funded by
the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). Part of the work presented has
been performed within the ESA CAMELOT and ONTRAQ studies.
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