1o Date

Page

DIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
1erms of organLsmS pr.esent n eorth..
ndthey ale adabte.daccto..he e t
CniLOomenLo Cond

Allen Rule: he extremete.sauter body

ar issuc h asimbs , ear ilbeshorfer
an arganis.m fColderregiam

ergmann's Bule Jhe_&ur face area is les.s

combaredto he Volume atganism

rganism'sAize i be larae incalder

--egio
Rensh Rule Birds of colder climate
wi haue narrou &acumimate lngs a.s
embared tobrond oLngsin
inbirds of

Jor don's Rule i s hes ofcolder regiam unlk

rge ithlorgeVertehrae

y bes.of Biodiver.sity
****

G1encucdiversi Helbsinimcreasein
urvicbiluty &adaptation fSpecies_in the
n i r onment.

g Rffia vOrnitoria Himalayanceglan

Aclabted... inmauntains
Reser bi me obtained
 Dat
Paga ********

- *
***

Roulfiaserbentina.NortherDMegion
A.dapt.ed in.mor ther.n climate-
Reserpine

R.vamitoria&R Serbentina
Etotybe
Bbeciesdiversity
Produc of species uchnes.S&9becieseVennes.s.

Area B Area A
NO Of spewesa bc d E G HIJ
&tyhe 5 34 5 |16 7 8 I5 2
Species Rtch im
Evennessoiversirt

Sbecies-ichbness i- Jotal noof_diff sþeciespre.sent

nabarticular area-

Shecies eUennes.s robortionality ofno. ofindividuals-.

ef-eachsbecies

ALmastequual EvennesS
VarieS 2 UneennesS

3| Ecologlcal diuersityCommlunity: diversity

Alpha d'versity B-diversit ammadiversit

Nithinhe-area. Bw tuo CAmmunityl- Among CommLty-
ar ea,
(AB
 Date
Page

Patterns afBiodiversity

Spe cie9 -area.

Latitudinal
elationship
9adiennE

662 N Antar tic tircde

2.3N Troplcof capricorn
Eqtatter
egiom 2.3 S Trobic Qf cancer
Z 6E2 S -Arctic circle
empeate
Figrd
to hepoles the
As £ mAVe- from eQuator
2versit geds_decreased
the tem alsofals
increaseinheigh

ohichis cla ahse ate

g mazonBaindorest_

Maximum divergity
EMax. Solar radiaions
Max. a i n f a l L _
M a x h u m s .Comtent.

Less luctuation mclimate

Species-Area RelatioDship
Lur veezplained by Alezander Von Humbolat

S: CA
LogS Lng C+Zlog A

Species l'chnessC
S= ntercek
A Area. 2 Regression coeffica ent
( t o y

SCA
*****

Shecdes.
uichness
log S Tog C+ TogAT
-

**

Area

steebnes.sofAope
k Value_decidesthe
Amall-landarea Z : 0 : 2 t o 0 9-
Large l a n d a r e a D 3 = 0 :6 to_20.
,

Amazan a i n forest.
Plant Species- 90000
Mammalg- 421
Bird9 13.00
Rebtiles 378
Ambhibians 27
Hshe.S 30oo **

inver tebrates 2125oD.o

alar ld diversity-
DtherS
ammatS
Crustaceaa
Birds
Hottrs
Fishes
ReptteS
nsects NY ERTEBRATES.
MosseR
Amphibians
Ferns VER TE BRATES
Angiosper m,
Fungi PLANTS
Algae Lichen
ESEKEREN2S2A
 m i uon **** ***

cberi i May 1millon

Sndia s biodiversity
Z fLaOrldis andarea.
S of.tot.alsbecies.
Lbicg.cograbhica egion
menq megadiversity.
alesternGhats are having more épecies
diversits thanEastern batS-

mbortance fsheciesdiversity-
Stability Productivits 2 ResiLience

Stabiliis avidilmann
MaxSbecies diversit4-less variatiorm in
brcductivity.
igh-Þr.aoluciivity
Highs.tabilit
HaveAE.Silience brObert

Besiience inCasefNaturaldamage ike

hazardordisaster.the organism have the
any
brop.er.ty to ecover cla_esilience

Rivet.Pobber bybothesis
Paul Ehlr.ich.-
airhlane
Combared... ecasystemulth
Aur Plane EcoSstekm
Rivets Specses
Rivets on wlnas Keystone Sbecies
**
* *
 *** ********* ***

uzeisr.emovecd fromany- bart cther. thanui Dgs-

ill no have.an maiorroblem im flyingairplane.
JfUnySbe.cies._is.91.emouedfrcmecos.ystem other
than keustone Sbeciesthere is no major-problem
running f_ecosy.stem.

3 fivets fromwing.sare removed. Ehen airblane

ill mat ork
fkeystoneshecies are H emoved tben the ecosySter:
twill_callabse

Biodiversityloss
Evi Quartet
Habit.at lass_Rfragmentation Ma1or
Qver exbloitatian-
A Lien sbecie.simvaSion
Co-extnction.

1 labitat_loss &frag.mentation
efarestatian- £:q. Slash _and burn _agriculture
Pallutiom- Jhaom_Cultivation

Eutrabhicatiom.

La land area is nOl_beina canyerted into

Smallland area hich_decrecses the braductivity

2 er-ezhloit.ation
Qverexblnitabon of-ans craanism natural.
Lsaurce mas har m he ecasystem,
 Mawritug
g odo Siderax ylon9radiflora
cdc feed.s..onplanl.seed.s wbich.helb In
emovalofSeedCant.f.Seed.

Seed 9erminated

Pa.ssenger lgeom.
Stellarsea COlal

3 Aien Species tnvasion

heue s rom Oth e areaComes n_anLL
habitat and usestheresouurcesbresent

Kesources non become lesSavallable-

for lacal she cies of invaded hahitat.
E Eucalybtus
Eicchornia later hyacinth)
antana amara
Nile Perch Victoanta:Lake

Cichlid fish
African_ catfish
Endemicfishes (River
eliminate
Coeztinckion
Obligate symbiciic eladionahip.:
-8 Dado idroxylongrandflora
Fig &Eig uwaspx
 (1 o4
.

Biodiversity Conser.vation.
Neea.o Cons.ervatian.

Naarraw. Broad Ethical

tilatarian uti latarian. EromanLmals & pla als
Food Etosustem many.uS.efiLl...pradurts
Eireoond xAen ane abtained.. S2L
Sndustcial þroduct Amazon raintorest ds.0ur duty.. La.
Eruit ungsofblanet pratectthem.
Earth J
-
20 O4gen
Pallinalion_
FLood k erosion_controk
Changeunvegetatonio
forest cover mayater he.
amountof aimfal

How t o ConserVe f_

in-situ conservatioD Ex-situ _conservatuhD.

Hotspots Pratecked. Zoalogical. BotaoicalSecd..

landarea. bark garden bank.

In-situ conservation
Hotsbots
25 34 236hotspat.s
Ldniial
 Page
. . . . .
.

** ***** *****
*

ndia 4 hatspots
Lalyan..hatspo.t
.aestern. hads&Sri Lanka.
indeBurma
Suncda Land
Andaman_& Nicobar dalano

Criteriaofbemg Consideredasbotsbot
Sheci£S iichne.ss hould bemore.
Endemic 8becies
egree 4tbreat Smaire
o r e t h a n 15 2 fbabitdtlosShas ccured

Protect Landarea
Biospbere_reserye
1915 Man Biosphere Reserve Pcogram.me
(MAB Programme

Tribal heableare imtegralbart of

bio.sbhere ceseriWe-

ZonesOfBlÓSphereReserve

Core No entrt/Prohibited
Bffer ResEarch& Educatiorat
activit#
Transitton Firewood, fruit &
othe rouc of
plant can he-
Abtained
* * *
2Sanctuaries
faunaASprotected here and becom es
abiLatfor ebroduciion and..fer mLgr.ador y bir ds.

National Park
Sacted 9rve.sThe humans sec anim als and plants
ASabart_cf theirculturte ko they broteck hem
`acredblantJulsi
Kbasi and Jainlia hill.s Meghalaya
Aravall hiUs-Rajasthan
lestern Ghads-_Karnataka&
Sarauia Bastar Chanda -Madhy.a Pcadesh

iona Park_Sanctuarie.s

i LGujirat- Asiatic Lion

Jug.er Jim Corbett (ttarakhand)
Hazaribagh_Sanckuary_Bihar
Sunderhan LigerReserveWB
Ranthambare
National ParK,Ra4as-
th an

Bandibur Karnataka
KanhaNational Park MP.
NagarLnsagar Srusaltam, A P
Largest tig.erReser:

Snow leobard Kangc.hendzong a Sikkim

hino Kazirang a CAssam)
Manas Assam)
Jaldabara. L . B)
 Elehho Periya.Kernala)
Simplipal LOriasa
Manas As.s.an)
Bandibur KaL.nataka
Red data book&1UCNL
IUCN dnternationalUnionforConservation
of Nature & Natural Resources

Prebares Red databook

Catalogueof he eriinct &hecies
&theSpecies obichare ingreat.
threatofetinction

herea c e 8 criteriafor the

classification
beciesin_ Red Data Baak
Eztinc
Ertinct i n ild -Jata_cfpresenceof speciesni
Criticaly endangered-txtin.ciin imnediatefuture
re corded/ fownod.
tndan 4ered MayeIiinctin near future
Vulnerable MMayextinct in_mie term
uture
Lower Risk
ata_deficiennt-
Not eyaluated.
Plants
Critically endangered Berberis nilahrirenals
AnimalJs
Sus Salvanilu9
 ,
(1o6 -a
. . .

OrganSmSpr.one to extinction characterLSUCS

Large Size
Less epr cduction a t e
F x e d feeaimg babit. & pah4
Highertnobhiclevek,
migfatort

r u g Ss BourCe. ****
Appication:
- -

Mar bhine Pabaver. Analg.eSic.

Ouinine Cinchona Antimalarial.
AriemesiO Artemesia amnLa Antim.alariak.
axol_ Taxus AnticancenouS
VinhlastinVincristin Vinca asea Anticonc ecouis
Reserhine RawoLfia_
, HgaB.P, Paitu
beesS
Vasaca Adbato.da Vesic.a Bconchitis.
iauarce Galuryrrhiza glabra bronchilis