MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

COLINAS DE LAS CUMBRES JUNIOOR SCHOOL

NORTH PANAMÁ
DIDACTIC GUIDE
Teacher’s Name: Alice Argüelles
Date: May 04th – 08th Level: 10°
Area: Taxonomy
Unit / Lesson Topic: Animal Kingdom(invertebrates)
Video conference: https://us04web.zoom.us/j/5887798497?pwd=bE55V1FPNFo2dTU4ZnlQL1VSVzlvZz09
Objectives:
 Describe the body plans, nervous systems and organs of invertebrates.
 List the main characteristic of each invertebrate group.
Content:

Invertebrates.
 Invertebrates are animals without a backbone or bony skeleton.
 They range in size from microscopic mites and almost invisible flies to giant squid with soccer-ball-size eyes.
 This is by far the largest group in the animal kingdom: 97 percent of all animals are invertebrates. So far, 1.25 million
species have been described, most of which are insects, and there are millions more to be discovered. The total number
of invertebrate species could be 5, 10, or even 30 million, com- pared to just 60,000 vertebrates.
 One reason for the success of invertebrates is how quickly they reproduce. Sponges and corals, for example, produce
both eggs and sperm. Social insects such as ants and bees lay eggs that can develop without fertilization—they become
the workers.
 Insects in particular are successful because they are so adaptable. They are opportunistic eaters, feeding on plants,
animals, and decaying organic material. They are able to survive in extreme environments, including very hot, dry habitats.
And many can fly—either to escape predators or to find new sources of food, water, and shelter.
 Like vertebrates, invertebrates are classified based upon their body structure, life cycle, and evolutionary history.
The 9 Main Groups of Invertebrates
Groups of Invertebrate Estimated Number of
Examples
Animals Species

Porifera Sponges 3,000

Jellyfish, corals, anemones,

Cnidarians 9,200
hydra

Flatworms, flukes,
Platyhelminthes 15,000
tapeworms

Sea stars, brittle stars, sea

Echinodermata 5,000
urchins, sea cucumbers

Snails, clams, squids,

Mollusca 70,000
octopi, other mollusks

Ascaris, vinegar eels,

Nematoda hookworms, nematodes, 500,000
pinworms

Crabs, scorpions, insects,

Arthropoda spiders, millipedes, 750,000
centipedes, barnacles

Earthworms, leeches,
Annelida 22,000
lugworms

Chordata Sea squirts, lancelets 2,000

Body symmetry plans.

RADIAL SYMMETRY
Organisms with radial symmetry show a repeating pattern around a central axis such that they can be
separated into several identical pieces when cut through the central point, much like pieces of a pie.
Typically, this involves repeating a body part 4, 5, 6 or 8 times around the axis – referred to as
tetramerism, pentamerism, hexamerism and octomerism, respectively. Such organisms exhibit no left or
right sides but do have a top and a bottom surface, or a front and a back.

BIRADIAL SYMMETRY
is found in organisms which show morphological features (internal or external) of both bilateral and
radial symmetry. Unlike radially symmetrical organisms which can be cut divided equally along many
planes, biradial organisms can only be cut equally along two planes. This could represent an
intermediate stage in the evolution of bilateral symmetry from a radially symmetric ancestor.

Activities
1. Read the pages 20- 27 (formative).
2. Watch the video introductory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzxFTrktN1c
3. Draw the different plans of the invertebrates with different shapes of invertebrates (formative).
4. Elaborate a comparative table of the characteristics of each invertebrates’ groups (formative).
5. Develop the workshop in page 27.
- ITS NOT NECESSARY TO PRINT THE DOCUMENT

Evaluation Criteria

CRITERIA POINTS OBTAINED POINTS

FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS 0-5pts.

CONTAIN DOMAIN 0-5 pts.

FORMATIVE ACTIVITIES 0-20pts

PAGE 27 WORKSHOP DEVELOPED 0-10pts.

TOTAL POINTS 40pts