GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (GITAM)

(Deemed to be University, Est. u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956)

Syllabus for pre-Ph.D course work in Chemistry (w.e.f. admitted batch 2021-2022)

Course No. Course Code Course Title Max. Credits

Marks
Course III Advanced topics in the area of Research - I
CHEM8001 Advanced Topics in Inorganic Chemistry - I 100 2
CHEM8011 Advanced Topics in Organic Chemistry - I 100 2
CHEM8021 Advanced Topics in Physical Chemistry - I 100 2
CHEM8031 Concepts of Analytical Chemistry 100 2
CHEM8041 Concepts of Environmental Chemistry 100 2
Course IV Advanced topics in the area of Research - II
CHEM8051 Advanced Instrumental Methods of Analysis - I 100 2
CHEM8061 Advanced Topics in Inorganic Chemistry - II 100 2
CHEM8071 Advanced Topics in Organic Chemistry - II 100 2
CHEM8081 Advanced Topics in Physical Chemistry - II 100 2
CHEM8091 Environmental Sampling and Application of 100 2
Statistics
CHEM8101 Molecular Modelling and Drug Design 100 2
Course V1 Advanced topics in the area of Research - III
CHEM8111 Advanced Instrumental Methods of Analysis - II 100 2
CHEM8121 Analytical Method Development, Validation and 100 2
Regulatory Affairs
CHEM8131 Advanced Topics in Computational Chemistry 100 2
CHEM8141 Advanced Topics in Inorganic Chemistry - III 100 2
CHEM8151 Advanced Topics in Organic Chemistry - III 100 2
CHEM8161 Advanced Topics in Physical Chemistry - III 100 2
CHEM8171 Applied Supramolecular Chemistry 100 2
CHEM8181 Cheminformatics 100 2
CHEM8191 Environmental Pollutants and Technological 100 2
Solutions

1
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8001:: ADVANCED TOPICS IN INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY – I
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH I)

Credits: 2 Number of Contact hours: 35

Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Coordination chemistry: Bonding (VB, MO, CFT), Electronic spectra of complex and
Magnetic properties, reactions, Kinetics, and Mechanisms

Unit II 7 hours
Organometallic chemistry: Spectrochemical series, 18 electron rule, synthesis, structure and
bonding of metal carbonyl complexes, Nitrosyl complexes, di-nitrogen complexes.

Unit III 7 hours

Supramolecular chemistry: Chemistry of Molecular recognition- crown ethers and related
hosts and examples. Role of supramolecular interaction in MOFs (Metal-Organic
Frameworks) and COFs (Covalent organic frameworks).

Unit IV 7 hours
Inorganic Photochemistry: Absorption and emission phenomenon - photochemical laws –
Energy dissipation by radiative and non-radiative processes – absorption spectra- Franck-
Condon principle. Photo oxidation or reduction – photo decomposition of water.
Photoreactions and solar energy conversion.

Unit V 7 hours
Analytical techniques for inorganic complexes: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS),
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES), Electronic (UV-visible and Fluorescence with
examples of spectra). ESR and NMR

Reference Books

1. Supramolecular Chemistry- Fundamentals and applications, Katuhiko Ariga &

Toyoki Kunitake, Springer, 2006.
2. Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry 9th Ed., John Wiley and sons 2020.
3. Organometallics: A concise Introduction, Ch.Elshebroicn and A Salzer, VCH,
Chapters 12 to 16.
4. Cotton, F.A. & Wilkinson, G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, VCH, 1999.

2
COURSE CODE: CHEM8011:: ADVANCED TOPICS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH I)
Number of Contact hours: 35
Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Disconnection approach: Basic principles, Chemoselectivity, Stereoselectivity,
Regeoselectivity, Protecting groups – alcohols, carbonyl, carboxylic and amino groups.

Unit II 7 hours
Applications of disconnection approach to the synthesis of linear and simple cyclic
compounds - one group C–X (X = hetero atom), C-C disconnections, two groups C–X and C-
C disconnections with reference to 1,1 ;1,2; 1,3 difunctionalised compounds.

Unit III 7 hours

Organoboranes: Preparation of Organoboranes, hydroboration, disiamyl borane, thexyl borane, 9-BBN and
diisocamphenyl borane, functional group transformations of organoboranes.
Organosilanes: Synthetic applications of trimethylsilyl chloride, dimethyl-t-butylsilyl chloride,
Applications of PCC and Sodium borohydrate

Unit IV 7 hours
Transition metal complexes in organic synthesis – Applications of Organo Palladium
compounds, Rhodium complexes, Metal carbonyl complexes of Fe, Co and Ni.

Unit V 7 hours
Phase transfer catalysts – Application of phase transfer catalysts in organic synthesis with
reference to Tetraalkylammonium, Tetraalkylphosphonium, Trialkylsulphonium salts and
Crown ethers.

Reference Books
1. Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach, S.Warren, John Wiley and Sons,
New York, 1984.
2. Advances in Phase Transfer Catalysis.E.V. Dehmlow, Angew, Chem.Int.ed.Engl.16,
493- 505, 1977.
3. “Two Phase Reactions in Organic Chemistry‟ in „Survey of Progress in Chemistry‟,
Vol.9,Ch.I.Ed.A.F.Scott, Academic Press, New York, 1980.
4. Advanced organic chemistry part A and Part B by F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg,
Springer, 2007
5. Some modern methods of organic synthesis by W. Carruthers, Cambridge University
press 4th edition, 2012

3
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8021:: ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHYSICAL
CHEMISTRY - I
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH I)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Analysis of Kinetic Data: Calculation of rate constant from concentration methods when the
final value is unknown-propagation of errors – linear least squares regression – non- linear
least squares regressions.

Unit II 7 hours
Accuracy in rate constant measurements; Measurements of rates – Simplification of
experimental kinetics – kinetic scheme: Model Building – Kinetic Equivalence of rate terms
– Microscopic reversibility and detailed balance..

Unit II I 7 hours
Mechanism of acid – base catalysis – Catalysis by transition metal ions and their
complexes. Kinetic models for micelle catalysed reactions - pseudo phase model, Piskiwicz
model, Berezin model

Unit IV 7 hours
Fundamental Principles of Irreversible Thermodynamics – Open Systems – Evolution of
Criteria of Conservation Mass of energy – compared to closed systems – Entropy flow of
open systems – Microscopic reversibility and Onsagar relations

Unit V 7 hours
Elements of Statistical Mechanics, Micro and Macro States – Classical distribution Law –
Quantum Statistics – Bose – Einstein, Fermi – Dirac Statistics – Conditions for the
applicability of Maxwell – Boltzman Statistics – Fermi Energy of Metals, Free electron
models (Electron gas concept) – Electronic heat capacity of metals – Fermi Energy levels –
Super conductivity and various theories of super conductivity – Negative absolute
temperature – Evaluation of partition functions – translational, rotational, vibrational,
electronic and nuclear partition functions – statistical evolution of thermodynamic function –
energy – Heat capacity – Entropy – free energy.

Reference Books
1. Chemical Kinetics – The study of Reaction Rates in solution by Kenneth A. Connors
Wiley-VCH;1 edition ( 1990).
2. Chemical Kinetics by K.J. Laidler, Pearson Education India; 3 edition (2003)
3. Molecular thermodynamics by Richard E. Dickerson, Benjamin-Cummings Publishing
Co.,Subs. of Addison Wesley Longman, US (1969)
4. Thermodynamics for Chemists by S. Glasstone, Read Books (2007).
5. Physical Chemistry by Vojtech Fried, Pearson College Div (1977)

4
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8031 :: CONCEPTS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH I)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Statistical analysis: Introduction, Errors (gross errors, systematic errors, random errors),
accuracy, validation parameters: Accuracy, precision, mean and standard deviation,
calibration, (linear response functions (linear regression-errors in slope and the intercept,
error in the estimate of concentration, standard additions).

Unit II 7 hours
Sampling techniques: Sampling of solids: Sample size – bulk ratio, size to weight ratio,
multistage and sequential sampling, size reduction methods, sampling of compact solids,
equipments and methods of sampling of compact solids, sampling of particulate solids,
methods and equipments used for sampling of particulate solids. Sampling of liquids:
Homogeneous and heterogeneous, Static and flowing liquids. Sampling of gases: Ambient
and stack sampling: Apparatus and methods for sampling of gases.

Unit III 7 hours

Extraction techniques I - Classical approach for aqueous extraction: Introduction,
Liquid-Liquid extraction (LLE) (Theory of LLE, selection of solvents, solvent extraction,
problems with LLE process), purge and trap for volatile organics in aqueous samples. Solid
Phase extraction (SPE): Introduction, Types of SPE media, SPE formats and apparatus,
method for SPE operation, solvent selection, factors affecting SPE.

Unit IV 7 hours
Extraction techniques II - Solid phase micro-extraction: Introduction, theoretical
considerations, experimental, Methods of analysis: SPMEGC, Methods of analysis: SPME-
HPLC-MS. Supercritical fluid extraction: Introduction, Principle, applications.
Microwave-assisted extraction: Introduction , Principle, applications

Unit V 7 hours
Calibration of analytical instruments: Calibration and maintenance of Instruments /
Equipment: Instrument calibration – linear calibration curves, equipment calibration,
frequency of calibration, calibration of common laboratory instrument and equipment
(Analytical balances, volumetric glassware, ovens, furnaces, UV / Visible spectrophotometer,
pH meter, conductivity meter, IR spectrophotometer etc.,). Maintenance of instruments and
equipment.

Reference Books
1. Modern Analytical Chemistry, David Harvey, McGraw-Hill, 1st ed, 2000, ISBN: 0–07–
237547–7
2. Chemical Analysis: Modern Instrumentation Methods and Techniques, Francis, Rouessac,
Annick Rouessac, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd ed, 2007.ISBN: 0470859040, 9780470859049
3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis”, D. A. Skoog, F. J. Holler, S.R. Crouch, Brooks Cole;
6th edition (Dec 6 2006), ISBN: 0495012017, 978-0495012016

5
COURSE CODE: CHEM8041 :: CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH I)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100
Unit-I 7 hours
Fundamental of Environmental Chemistry: Stoichiometry, Gibbs energy, Chemical
Potential, Chemical equilibrium, Acid base reactions, Solubility product, Solubility gases in
water, The carbonate system, Unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, Radio nuclides,
Concept of major trace and REE, Classification of trace elements, mobility of trace elements.

Unit-II 7 hours
Chemistry of atmosphere: Structure of Atmosphere: Temperature Profile, Influence of
Meteorological factors on Air Pollution – Air Pollutants: Oxides of Sulphur – Oxides of
Nitrogen – Carbon monoxide – Particulate matter, Dispersion and impacts, Chemistry of
Ozone, Impacts of Air Pollution on human health and structures and organic air pollutants
and their effects

Unit-III: 7 hours
Chemistry of hydrosphere: Classification of water and Water bodies – Abnormal properties
of water – Water cycle Water Quality Parameters; Water Pollution – Sources – Classification,
nature, Toxicology of water pollutants: Trace metals – Lead – Mercury – Zinc – Cadmium;
Organic substances - Organophosphate and Organochlorine pesticides: DDT, BHC, Parathion
and Malathion.

Unit – IV 7 hours
Chemistry of Lithosphere: Physio-chemical and biological properties of soil (texture,
structure, inorganic, and organic components). Analysis of soil quality. Soil Pollution control.
Industrial effluents and their interactions with soil components

Unit-V 7 hours
Global Environmental challenges and disasters: Photochemical smog – Greenhouse effect
– Ozone depletion – Acid Rains ; Bhopal gas tragedy, arsenic pollution in West Bengal,
Minamata disease in Japan, Itai-Itai disease in Japan, Chenobyl nuclear accident.

Reference Books
1. Environmental Chemistry by Collin Baird and Michael Cann , W. H. Freeman; 4th
edition (2008) 2. Environmental Chemistry by Stanley Manahan, CRC Press; 10 edition
(2017)
2. Principles of environmental chemistry, James Girard, Jones & Bartlett Learning; 3 edition
(2013)
3. Chemical fate and transport in the environment, Harold F. Hemond and Elizabeth J.
Fechner, AcademicPress; 3 edition (2014)
4. Fundamentals of Air Pollution,5th Edition, Daniel Vallero, Academic Press, 2014.
5. Environmental chemistry Anil Kumar De, Wiley Eastern Ltd, 2003.
6. Environmental Analysis, S.M. Khopkar (IIT, Bombay), 1991

6
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8051 :: ADVANCED INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF
ANALYSIS I
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH II)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
High performance liquid chromatography: Principle, Instrumentation of normal phase and
reverse phase chromatographic techniques - pumps, column, detectors-UV detector,
refractive index detector, Fluorescence detector, photo diode array detector, applications.

Unit II 7 hours
Modes of high performance liquid chromatography: Principle, Instrumentation and
applications of Ion chromatography, Affinity and Size exclusive chromatographies and their
specific applications with the examples.

Unit III 7 hours

Gas chromatography - Gas solid and gas liquid chromatography: Introduction, Principle
& Instrumentation – types of Carrier gases used, Types of columns, Column selection,
Column efficiency parameters, Detectors - thermal conductivity detector, flame ionization
detector, electron capture detector, nitrogen-phosphorus detector, photo ionization detector
and Applications of GC.

Unit IV 7 hours
Atomic emission and atomic absorption spectrometry: Basic principle and
instrumentation: Interferences: Physical, Chemical and spectral. Quantitative estimation of
metal ions in water samples by atomic emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Induced couple plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICPOES): Principle,
Instrumentation, and applications.

Unit V 7 hours
Electrochemical analytical techniques: Voltammetry: Principle of polarography, residual
current, migration current, diffusion current, half-wave potential, Ilkovic equation,
instrumentation, qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic ions Anode Stripping.
Reference Books
1. D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler & S. Crouch (ISBN 0-495-01201-7) Principles of Instrumental
Analysis, Cengage Learning India Edition, 2007.
2. Willard, Merritt, Dean, Settle, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th ed, IBH Book House,
New Delhi.
3. Atkins, P.W & Paula, J.D. Physical Chemistry, 10th Ed., Oxford University Press (2014).
4. Kakkar, R. Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy: Concepts and Applications. Cambridge
University Press, 2015.
5. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed., Narosa (2004).
6. Banwell, C. N. & McCash, E. M. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy 4 th Ed. Tata
McGraw-Hill: New Delhi (2006).
7. Smith, B.C. Infrared Spectral Interpretations: A Systematic Approach. CRC Press, 1998.
8. Moore, W.J., Physical Chemistry Orient Blackswan, 1999.

7
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8061 :: ADVANCED TOPICS IN INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY – II
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH II)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Inorganic chemistry in biological system: Basic chemical reactions in the biological
systems and the role of metal ions (specially Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+/2+, Cu2+/+, and Zn2+).
Metal ion transport across biological membrane Na +/K+ -ion pump. Toxic metal ions and their
effects, chelation therapy (examples only), Pt and Au complexes as drugs (examples only),
metal dependent diseases (examples only).

Unit II 7 hours
Enzymes, classifications, properties of enzymes; coenzymes and cofactors and their role in
biological functions. Salient features of active site of enzymes; factors affecting enzyme
action, Enzyme inhibitors – Reversible and irreversible.

Unit III 7 hours

Bio-inorganic chemistry-2 : Zinc enzymes (caborxypeptidase), Iron enzyme (cytochrome P-
450), Copper enzyme (superoxide dismutase); Superoxide dismutage mimics,
Metalloporphyrins, structure and function of hemoglobin and myoglobin, electron transfer,
respiration and photosynthesis.

Unit IV 7 hours
Principle and instrumentation 1: UV-Vis, IR, TGA, DTA, DSC, ICP-OES and Raman
spectroscopy.

Unit V 7 hours
Principle and instrumentation 2: Powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, BET
analysis, SEM-EDX, TEM and XPS studies

Reference Books

1. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, S. J. Lippard, and J. M. Berg, University

ScienceBooks, 1994.
2. Bioinorganic Chemistry – A short course, Rosette M. Roat-Malone, John Wiley &
Sons Inc., 2002.
3. Inorganic Chemistry- A unified approach, William W. Porterfield, Elsevier, 2005.
4. Instrumental Methods of Analysis by, Hobart H. Lynne, L. Willard, Merit Jr. and
John A Dean, Wadsworth Pub Co, 1988.
5. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Skoog and West, Cengage, 2014.

8
COURSE CODE: CHEM8071 :: ADVANCED TOPICS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –
II
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH II)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Ultraviolet spectroscopy: Introduction, Woodward-Fieser rules for conjugated dienes,
trienes, unsaturated carbonyl compounds and aromatic compounds. Optical rotatory
dispersion and circular dichroism, classification of ORD and CD Curves.
Unit II 7 hours
Infrared spectroscopy: Theory, molecular vibrations, functional group and fingerprint
region, factors influencing vibrational frequencies, sample preparation, characteristic
frequencies of organic molecules and interpretation of spectra.
Unit III 7 hours
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Proton and Carbon–13 NMR, the chemical
shift, magnetic equivalence, coupling constant, the intensity of NMR signals and integration.
Factors influencing the chemical shifts,
Unit IV 7 hours
Improving the NMR spectrum: The mean pulse experiment, FT NMR, new techniques:
shift reagents, spin decoupling and spin tickling, the Nuclear Over Hauser Effect. 2D-NMR
(COSY & HETCOR), DEPT experiment, double resonance, relaxation mechanisms and
applications.
Unit V 7 hours
Mass spectroscopy: Basic Principles- instrumentation, the mass spectrometer. Isotope
abundances, the molecular ion, metastable ions. Ionisation techniques - EI, CI, FAB,
MALDI, fragmentation processes, and fragmentation associated with functional groups,
rearrangement and mass spectra of some chemical classes

Reference Books
1. Organic Spectroscopy, P.S.Kalsi,New-age International ublication, 7th Edition,2016
2. Introduction to Organic spectroscopy, Donald LPavia,G.Lampman, G. S.Kritz,J
Thomson Learning, 3rd Edition, 2007
3. Organic Spectroscopy, Second Edition, W.Kemp, ELBS Macmillan, 1987.
4. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry. Fifth Edition D.M. Williams and I.
Fleming Tata – Mc. Graw Hill, New Delhi, 2004
5. Spectrometric identification of Organic Compounds, Fourth Edition, R.M.
Silverstein; C. Vasslellr and T.C. Merill, Johne Willey, 1974
6. Applications of absorption spectroscopy of Organic Compounds J.R.Dyer, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 1984.

9
COURSE CODE: CHEM8081:: ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-
II
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH II)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Materials, Catalysis and Electrochemical Studies: Magnetic properties of Materials;
Optical properties of Materials; Homogeneous and Heterogeneous catalysis; Sensor;
Cations and anions; Thin film semiconductors: synthesis and applications

Unit II 7 hours
Advanced chemical kinetics: Experimental methods for fast reactions. Temperature jump,
pressure jump stopped flow and flash photolysis pulse technique as applied to reaction rates
of short-lived species. Shock tube kinetics.

Unit III 7 hours

Electrochemical Technique based on Rotating Disk Electrode: Application of Rotating
Disc Electrode (RDE) in the measurement of electrochemical rate constant, Theoretical
treatment of convective systems, Current – potential curves at RDE for reversible,
irreversible and quasi-reversible reactions.

Unit IV 7 hours
Cyclic Voltammetry: Methods based on voltammetry, current-potential relation applicable
for Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Reversible, irreversible
& quasi-reversible systems, interpretation of cyclic voltammograms and parameters
obtainable from voltammograms.

Unit V 7 hours
Surface Chemistry: Adsorption; Factors influencing adsorption; Surface area and its
measurements; Adsorption isotherm curves; Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm- its limitations;
B.E.T. Adsorption isotherm-its applications.

Reference Books
1. Peter Atkins and J.D.Paula, 2002, Physical Chemistry, ELBS, Low Price Edition (7th,
Edition)
2. J.O’M. Bockris and A.K.N. Reddy, 1998, Modern Electrochemistry, Vol. 1 & 2A and 2 B,,
Plenum
Press, New York.
3. A.J. Bard and L.R. Faulkner, 2001, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and
Applications; 2nd
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

10
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8091 :: ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING AND
APPLICATION OF STATISTICS
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH II)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Air Sampling: Objective and Criteria of Air Sampling, Selection of Sampling Location,
Sampling Methods (Sedimentation, Filtration, Centrifugal and Impingement Method),
Instrumental Techniques used in Estimation of Atmospheric Air Pollutant.

Unit II 7 hours
Water Sampling: Necessity of Water Sampling, Objectives, Selection of Sampling Site,
Types of Water Samples, Collection, Handling and Preservation, Sampling Equipment,
Classification of Water Quality Parameters (Inorganic, Organic and Nutrient), Basic Concept,
Significance and Measurement of DO, BOD, COD, in Water and Wastewater.

Unit III 7 hours

Soil and Solid Waste Sampling: Objectives of Soil and Solid Waste Sampling, Site
Selection Criteria, Collection and Handling of Soil and Solid Waste Samples, Preparation of
Soil Samples for Analysis, Physico-Chemical Parameters and their Significance (Quality and
Productivity).

Unit IV 7 hours
Application of Statistics in Environmental Analysis-I: Introduction, Research Problem and
Design, Data Collection, Data Representation, Measure of Central Tendency, Measure of
Variation, Correlation and Regression, Probability and Distribution , Testing of Hypothesis,
Interpretation and Report Writing.

Unit V 7 hours
Application of Statistics in Environmental Analysis-II: Nature of Errors, Types of Errors
and Importance of Error, Random Error, Estimation of Standard. Deviation, Confidence
Limits of Analytical Results, Combined Effects of Different Random Errors.

Reference Books
1. Biostatistics: P.N. Arora, P.K. Malhan, Himalaya publishing House, Delhi, 2008.
2. Basic concepts of Biostatistics: N.Arumugam, Saras Publications, Kanyakumari, 2003.
3. Biostatistics in theory and Practice: T.K.Saha, Emkay Publications, Delhi, 1992.
4. Biostatistics: P. Ramakrishnan, Saras Publications, Kanyakumari, 1995.
5. Statistical Methods: S.C.Gupta, S.Chand & Sons Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
6. Evolution Biostatistics AND Computer Applications: A.Gopi, A.Meena, N.Arumugam,
Saras Publications, Kanyakumari, 2003.
7. Fundamentals of Computer: V.Rajaraman, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2008.
8. Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K.Sinha, Preeti Sinha, BPB Publications, New Delhi,
2007.

11
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8101 :: MOLECULAR MODELLING & DRUG DESIGN
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH II)
Number of Contact hours: 35
Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Quantum mechanics & concepts in molecular modeling : Introduction – coordinate
systems – potential energy surfaces – introduction to quantum mechanics – postulates –
Schrodinger wave equation – hydrogen molecule – Born-Oppenheimer approximation,
introduction to computer hardware and software.

Unit II 7 hours
Molecular mechanics: Empirical force field models – Bond stretching – angle bending –
torsional term – nonbonding interactions – thermodynamics properties using a forcefield –
derived and non derived energy minimization method – simplex – sequential univariate
method – steepest descent method – conjugate gradient method- Newton-Rapson method.

Unit III 7 hours

Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation : Introduction – Using single Model –
time steps – Multiple steps – Setting up MD – energy conservation in MD Simulation
Examples – Monte Carlo – Random number generation – Difference in MD & MC.
Unit IV 7 hours
Homology modeling: Comparative modeling of proteins – comparison of 3D structure –
Homology – steps in homology modeling – tools – databases – side chain modeling – loop
modeling.

Unit V 7 hours
Drug design: General approach to discovery of new drugs - lead discovery – lead
modification – physiochemical principles of drug action – drug stereo chemistry –drug action
- 3D database search – computer aided drug design – docking - molecular modeling in drug
design – structure based drug design – pharmacophores - QSAR.

Reference Books
1. A. R.Leach - Molecular Modeling Principles and Application, 2nd edition, Longman
Publications, 1996.
2. D. Baxivanis and Foulette - Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes
and Proteins, Wiely Indian Edition, 2001.
3. T K Attwood, D J parry-Smith, Introduction to Bioinformatics, Pearson Education, 1st
Edition, 11th Reprint 2005.

12
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8111:: ADVANCED INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF
ANALYSIS II
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH III)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 5 hours
Capillary electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, modes: capillary zone electrophoresis
capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary isotachophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing and
micellar electrokinetic phoresis. Applications of capillary electrophoresis

Unit II 6 hours
Thermal methods of analysis: Thermogravimetry (TG): Basic principle, Factors affecting
thermogravimetric analysis, characteristics of a thermogram, instrumentation of TG,
Applications of thermogravimetry in material analysis. Differential scanning 5 hours
calorimetry (DSC): Basic principle, instrumentation: power compensated and heat flux
differential scanning calorimetry. Applications of DSC in material analysis.
Unit III 8 hours
Surface analysis techniques: Particle size analysis: Concepts of particle size, size
distribution, mean size of particulate system, methods of particle size analysis (sieving,
microscopic method, sedimentation methods, electrical sensing zone method, optical sensing
zone and light diffraction method). Low-angle laser light scattering and dynamic light
scattering-principles, instrumentation and applications. Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) - Principle, construction of instrument, magnification of SEM, interactions of
electrons with substances, types of electron guns, charging and its influence on SEM Image.
Sample preparation: basics of specimen preparation, mounting specimen, coating, treatment
of biological specimens. Application to analysis. elemental analysis: qualitative analysis and
quantitative analysis, analysis of non-conductive specimens
Unit IV 8 hours
X-ray techniques: X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: basic principle, instrumentation,
types of X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, X-ray source, sample holder, analyzer, detectors:
ionization detector, scintillation detector and solid state detector. Matrix effect in X-ray
fluorescence spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction: Basics principle: unit cell, Bragg’s equation,
instrumentation, experimental methods and applications

Unit V 8 hours
Hyphenated Methods of Analysis: Basic Principle, Instrumentation and Interfaces of
the following: Liquid Chromatography –Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Gas Chromatography
–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Capillary electrophoresis – Mass Spectrometry (CE-MS),
Induced Couple Plasma- Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Reference Books
1. Instrumental methods of analysis, Willard, Merritt, Dean and Settle 7Ed (Pb 1986), CBS
(1 December 2004)
2. Principles of instrumental analysis, Douglas Skoog, F. Holler, Stanley Crouch,
Brooks/Cole; 7th edition (2017)
3. Handbook of instrumental techniques for analytical chemistry by Frank A. Settle,
hardcover, Prentice Hall, 1997.

13
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8121 :: ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT,
VALIDATION AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH III)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Validation parameters: Selectivity and specificity (chromatographic methods), limits of
detections (spectrophotometric methods, chromatographic methods and related techniques,
receptor binding assay), limit of quantification, sensitivity, ruggedness and robustness.

Unit II 7 hours
Assay validation and analyte stability: Introduction, fundamental definitions, Essential
principles of method transfer, method validation report, the inter-laboratory qualification
(ILQ) process, Analyte stability in the sample matrix, how to reduce systematic errors.

Unit III 7 hours

Specific methods and applications: Dissolution Studies, Introduction, Dissolution test,
Apparatus – USP type –I and II, Sampling and analytical instrumentation, Single point test
Vs. Dissolution profile, Impurities: types of impurities, impurity profiling.

Unit IV 7 hours
GMP, GLP and ICH guidelines: Good laboratory practice (GLP) – Introduction, history of
GLP, Principles of good manufacturing practice(GMP), basic issues of GLP, GLP status in
India. Basic concept of ICH guidelines

Unit V 7 hours
Quality and quality management system: Statistical process control, statistical quality
control and acceptance sampling, Quality objectives-ISO standards concept: ISO9000,
ISO14000 and its requirements.

References Books
1. Development and validation of Analytical Methods, Progress Pharmaceutical and
Biomedical Analysis, Vol-3, Edited by Chitofer M. Riley and Tomas W. Rosanske (Elsevier).
2. Vogel’s Textbook of quantitative Chemical Analysis, sixth Ed., Mendham, Denney, Barnes,
Thomas, Pub: Pearson Education.
3. Handbook of modern pharmaceutical analysis, edited by Satinder Ahuja and Stephen
Scypinski, Academic Press, Separation science Series,vol-3.

14
 COURSE CODE: CHEM8131 : ADVANCED TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL
CHEMISTRY
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH III)
Number of Contact hours: 35
Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Introduction to Molecular Modelling: Theoretical concepts and calculations of different
reactions which will concern with the real world molecular reactions; Lectures on the
introduction to computational quantum mechanics with concepts of semi empirical methods,
Hartree-fock theories, Density functional theory, Valence bond theory and ab-initio
calculations; Monte Carlo Simulation. Quantum mechanical computational methods –
Abinitio methods: Introduction to SCF. RHF, ROHF and URHF.

Unit II 7 hours
Empirical Force field models and Energy minimisations: Introduction to Density
Functional Theory; Introduction to Nonbonding interactions; Electrostatic and vander waals
interactions; Hydrogen bonding; Simulations of liquid water; Force fields, Applications of
energy minimization; Introduction to Gaussian.
Unit III 7 hours
Concepts of Gaussian Software and its Uses (Hand on experience): Introduction to Basis
functions- Slater type orbitals (STO) and Gaussian type orbitals (GTO).Understanding the
concepts of Basis sets; Run Single points, Optimizations, UV-Vis spectra, IR and Raman
spectra, NMR spectra; Calculations of HOMO and LUMO; TDDFT; Generate a mechanism
study through Gaussian.
Unit IV 7 hours
Challenges in Molecular Modelling: Free energy calculaions; Entropy, Enthalpy
calculations; Potential enrgy surfaces; Solvation models; Solid state calculations and
catalysis. Construction of Z-matrix for simple molecules.

Unit V 7 hours
Molecular Docking and Dynamics concepts: Molecular Docking; Setting and running a
MD simulation; Constraint dynamics; Time dependant properties; Solvent effects;
conformational changes.
Reference Books
1. A. R.Leach - Molecular Modeling Principles and Application, 2nd edition, Longman
Publications, 1996.
2. Molecular Modelling for Beginners, 2nd Edition, Alan Hinchliff
3. A C Philips, “Introduction to Quantum mechanics”, Wiley, (2003).
4. Wolfram Koch, Max C. Holthausen, “A Chemist’s guide to Density Functional
Theory”, Wiley, VCH, 2nd edition, (2001).

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COURSE CODE: CHEM8141:: ADVANCED TOPICS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH III)

Number of Contact hours: 40

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
In-organic chemistry of Nanomaterials: Introduction to nanomaterilals, nanoparticles, nano
cluster, carbon nanotube(CNT) Nanosheets and nanowires. Chemical synthesis of
nanomaterials: Sol-Gel method, reverse micellarmethod, electrolytic methods.
Characterizations: Principle and applications of X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron
microscope(SEM) and transmission microscopy(TEM).
Unit II 7 hours
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials: Zeolites, metallosilicates, silicalites and related
microporous materials: synthesis and characterizations. Mesoporous silica, metal oxides and
related functionalized mesoporous materials: synthesis, and characterizations. Covalent
organic frameworks, porous organic polymers and related organic porous materials: sensing,
adsorption and gas storage applications. Organic-Inorganic hybrid materials, periodic
mesoporous metal organic frameworks: H2 /CO2 gas storage and catalytic applications.
Unit III 7 hours
Energy Storage Systems:
Batteries: Primary, Secondary batteries; difference between primary and secondary
batteries,chemistries of primary batteries such as Zinc-Carbon, Alkaline and secondary
batteries such as Lead acid, Nickel Cadmium, Metal hydrides, lithium ion, lithium phosphate
and high temperature batteries-sodium-sulphur. Advantages, disadvantages, limitations and
application each above mentioned batteries. Hydrogen for energy storage. Solar ponds for
energy storage.
Unit IV 7 hours
Electrical & Electronic Materials: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semi conductivity,
Dielectricmaterial, Piezo-electric materials. Magnetic Materials: Introduction, classification
of magnetic materials, soft & hard magneticmaterials. Organic Solar Materials: Syntheses
of indigo, cyanines, tetrathiafulvalenes dyes, organicsensitizers for DSSC, electron donors
and acceptors for organic solar cells.
Unit V 7 hours
Polymeric Materials:
Polymerization, factors influencing the properties of polymers, differences between
thermoplastic and thermos setting polymers. Preparation and properties of
polyethylene,polyvinylchloride and Bakelite. Polymer matrix composite materials:
Classification and applications. Polymers as biomaterials and biodegradable polymers.
Membranes for plasma separation and Blood oxygenation.
Reference Books

1. B.S. Murty, P. Shankar, Baldev Raj, B B Rath, James Murday , Textbook of

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University Press, 2013.
2. Pascal Van Der Voort, Karen Leus, Els De Canck, Introduction to Porous Materials,
Wiley 2019. 91
3. A.C. Anand, J. F. Kennedy, M. Miraftab, S. Rajendran, Woodhead Medical Textiles
and Biomaterials for Healthcare, Publishing Limited 2006.
4. Raghavan V (2007), Materials Science and Engineering - A First Course, Prentice
Hall, India

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 5. James F. Shackelford (1996), Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers,
Prentice Hall, India
6. Askeland D.R., & P. P. Fullay (2007), The Science and Engineering of Materials –4th
Cengage Learning Publishers

COURSE CODE: CHEM8151 :: ADVANCED TOPICS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -

III
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH III)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Extraction procedures of Natural products: Principles and processes - Batch extraction,
Continuous extraction, Counter current extraction. Soxhlet extraction and Super fluid Critical
extraction
Unit II 7 hours
Elementary idea of Chromatography: Column Adsorption chromatography, Thin Layer
Chromatography, Gas Liquid Chromatogrpay and High Performance Liquid
Unit III 7 hours
Enzyme Chemistry: Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis, Enzyme Catalyzed reactions, Co-
enzyme chemistry, Proximity effects and molecular adaptation in bioorganic chemistry.
Unit IV 7 hours
Enzymes in synthetic organic chemistry, Host - Guest Complexation chemistry, Crown ether
chemistry.
Unit V 7 hours
Green chemistry - Introduction - need for green chemistry - goals of green chemistry -
Anastas' twelve principles of green chemistry - Designing a green synthesis (tools) - choice
of starting materials, solvents, catalysts, reagents, processes with suitable examples.

Reference Books
1. Enzyme chemistry: Impact and Applications, Ed.Collin J Suckling, Chapman and
Hall., 1990
2. Enzyme Mechanisms Ed, M.I.Page and A.Williams,Royal Society of Chemistry.,1987
3. Fundamentals of Enzymology, N.C.Price and L.Stevens, Oxford University Press.,1999
4. Enzyme Structure and Mechanism, A Fershyt, W.H.Freeman.,1977
5. Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells, D.E.Metzler, Academic
Press, 2012
6. Green Chemistry, VK Ahluwalia;Alpha Science
7. Natural Product Extraction: Principles and Applications; Mauricio A. Rostagno, Juliana
M. Prado; Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013 - Science

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COURSE CODE: CHEM8161:: ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-
III
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH III)

Number of Contact hours: 35

Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Electroactive Layers and Modified Electrodes: Chemically modified electrodes, Types,
and methods of modification – chemisorption, covalent bond formation, polymer film
coatings, inorganic materials, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) methods, properties of the modified
electrodes.

Unit II 7 hours
Techniques based on Impedance measurements: Application of impedance technique for
studying electrode kinetics and corrosion, Measuring techniques, Representation of Faradic
Impedance, Equivalent circuits, Kinetic parameters from impedance measurements,
separation of RS & CS from total impedance, Use of the Fourier transformation in the
analysis of data.

Unit III 7 hours

Advanced electrochemical Techniques: Basic principles related to Chronoamperometry,
Chronocoulometry and Chronopotentiometry.

Unit IV 7 hours
Super capacitors: Differences between capacitors, Super capacitors and batteries, Types of
super capacitors: Electrochemical double layer and pseudocapacitors, Hybrid super
capacitors, advantages and disadvantages of electrochemical double layer, Fabrication of
super capacitors with examples, Supercapacitor characterization, applications of
supercapacitors.

Unit V 7 hours
Solar Cell fabrication and characterization: Basic semiconductor concepts of N and P type
semiconductors, P-N Junction hetero and homojunctions, photovoltaic effect, types of solar
cells, solar cell fabrication. Characterization: Current density, Open circuit voltage and short
circuit current, efficiency calculation, fill factor, etc.

Reference Books
1. Peter Atkins and J.D.Paula, 2002, Physical Chemistry, ELBS, Low Price Edition (7th,
Edition)
2. J.O’M. Bockris and A.K.N. Reddy, 1998, Modern Electrochemistry, Vol. 1 & 2A and 2 B,,
Plenum, Press, New York.
3. A.J. Bard and L.R. Faulkner, 2001, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and
Applications; 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
4. Electrochemical Supercapacitors, B E Conway, Kluwer Academic/ Plenum publishers, NY
1999.
5. Metal oxide thin film based supercapacitors C.D. Lokhande, D.P. Dubal, Oh-Shim Joo
Current Applied Physics 11 (2011) 255e270

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 COURSE CODE: CHEM8171 :: APPLIED SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH III)
Number of Contact hours: 35
Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Introduction to Supramolecular Chemistry: Concept of supramolecular chemistry, a brief
history of supramolecular chemistry, Nobel prize on supramolecular chemistry, various non-
covalent interaction, self-assembly process, example of natural and artificial supramolecules.

Unit II 7 hours
Host-Guest Supramolecular Chemistry: Molecular recognition, anion recognition, ion-
pair recognition, ion/guest selectivity of crown ether, cryptand, etc. molecular bowl,
molecular cage, 1D, 2D, 3D supramolecular systems, applications of host-guest chemistry,
works done by various famous supramolecular chemists.

Unit III 7 hours

Macrocyclic Skeletons and Their Applications: Calixpyrrole, calixarenes and porphyrins,
expanded analogues, molecular sensors using various macrocyclic skeletons, “molecular
machines”, molecular rotors, drug delivery and release, photo-pharmacology, ion transport.

Unit IV 7 hours
Instrumental Methods for Studying the Supramolecular Chemistry: UV-visible
spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, Job’s plot analyses, binding
constant determination by various spectroscopic techniques, excited state dynamics studies
of supramolecular systems, single crystal X-ray crystallography, various microscopic
studies.

Unit V 7 hours
Recent Trend in Applied Supramolecular Chemistry: Various nanocomposites,
fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, fullertubes, graphenes, supramolecular catalysis, applications.

References Books

1. Lehn, J.–M. Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and Perspectives, 1995.

2. Lehn, J.–M. Supramolecular Chemistry: Receptors, Catalysts, and Carriers. Science
1985, 227, 849−856.
3. Vogtle, F. Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 2: Molecular Recognition:
Receptors for Molecular Guests, 1999.
4. Davies, J. E. D. and Ripmeester, J. A. Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol
8: Physical Methods in Supramolecular Chemsitry, 1999.
5. Supramolecular Chemistry, by Jonathan Steed and Jerry Atwood. 2nd and 3rd editions,
6. Lippincott’s Biochemistry 6th edition, Ed. Harvey, R. A.
7. Beer, P. D. Barendt, T. et al. Supramolecular Chemistry: Fundamentals and
Applications (Oxford Chemistry Primers) 2022.
8. Huheey, J. E.; Kieter, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Ed, 2000.

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 COURSE CODE: CHEM8181:: CHEMINFORMATICS
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH III)
Number of Contact hours: 35
Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Molecular Numerology: Graph theory and molecular numerology; Logic, sets and
functions; Algorithms, integers and matrices; Mathematical reasoning, induction and
recursion; Counting; graphs, trees and sets, basic probability and statistics; Markov processes.
Application: Biomolecule Networks, Metabolic Pathways.

Unit II 7 hours
Chemical Information: History of scientific information communication-chemical
literature-chemical information-chemical information search-chemical information sources-
chemical name and formula searching-analytical chemistry-chemical history-biography-
directories and industry sources. Chemical Structure: Databases, Formats, Drawing Tools and
Structure Visualizations.

Unit III 7 hours

Database Management: Introduction to data and Database; Data Type; Experimental
sources of biological data; Publicly available databases; Database Management; Gene
expression monitoring; Genomics and Proteomics; Metabolomics; Visualization of sequence
data; Visualization of structures using Rasmol or Pymol or CHIME; Genetic basis of disease;
Personalised medicine and gene-based diagnostics.

Unit IV 7 hours
Machine learning for chemical synthesis: The Nature of Chemical Data – Data Sources,
Molecular Descriptors; Machine Learning Methods; Synthetic Route Design –
Retrosynthesis, Reaction Prediction, Optimizing Reaction Conditions; Real life Applications.

Unit V 7 hours
AI Powered Chemical Innovation for Defense Applications: The Synthetic Search Engine:
Automating Synthetic Planning – Optimizing Known Routes, Predicting Reaction Outcomes,
Performing Retrosynthesis, Assessment, Adoption; Data Challenges for Statistical Learning
in Chemistry – Data are biased toward successful experiments, Existing datara unreliable and
non-standardized, Data are relevant to a narrow collection of tasks, There is no standard
representation of chemistry data for machine learning models; Reliable Solutions to Data
Challenges – Automation and standardization of experimental data collection, sharing data
across laboratories, Leveraging experiments described in scientific literature, Generating data
through simulation, Closed loop integration of predictive models; Initial Demonstration of the
Self-driving Laboratory – Implications of autonomous research.

Reference Books
1. Machine Learning in Chemistry – The Impact of Artificial Intelligence, Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry Series No.17, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020,
UK, Electronic ISSN: 2041-319X
2. “Mathematical Methods for Physicists” Arfken, Academic Press 1985
3. Schaum’s Outline of Probability and Statistics, Murray R Spiegel, John J. Schiller, R.
Alu Srinivasan

20
 4. Stereochemistry, by David G. Morris, Eddie Abel
5. Introduction to Protein Structure: Second Edition, Carl Branden , John Tooze
6. Combinatorial Chemistry and Molecular Diversity in Drug Discovery, Eric M.
Gordon, James F. Kerwin
7. Computer-Aided Drug Design: Methods and Applications, T.J. Perun C.L. Propst
8. Chemical Information Sources (Mcgraw-Hill Series in Advanced Chemistry) ,Gary
Wiggins
9. Introduction to Bioinformatics, Teresa K. Attwood, David Parry-Smith
10. Molecular Modeling: Basic Principles and Applications, 3rd Edition, Hans-Dieter
Höltje, Wolfgang Sippl, Didier Rognan, Gerd Folkers
11. Trends in Bioinformatics. By Dr. P. Shanmughavel. 2006 Pointer publishers, Jaipur,
India. er publishers, Jaipur, India.

COURSE CODE: CHEM8191 :: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND

TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
(ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH III)
Number of Contact hours: 35
Credits: 2 Marks: 100

Unit I 7 hours
Pollutant chemistry: Chemistry of various organic and hydrocarbon decay, environmental
effects of surfactants, pesticides, and heavy metals on micro and macro-organisms. Toxic
chemicals in the environment and biochemical aspects of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, CO, O3,
PAN, pesticides and carcinogens in air, water and soil.

Unit II 7 hours
Environmental nanotechnology: Introduction of nanotechnology, basics for
nanotechnology, methods for the synthesis of nano materials, instrumental characterization
of nanomaterials. Application of nanotechnology for remediation of pollutants from
water. Pollutant removal process: Fenton and advanced Fenton process, photo-catalysis,
ozonolysis, and adsorption.
Unit III 7 hours
Biotechnology in pollution control: Microbial role in pollution control -Biomonitoring and
Bioremediation-Bioleaching and Biomineralization Pollution control Legislations for air -
water –land.

Unit IV 7 hours
Energy Generation from Waste: Types –Biochemical Conversion –Sources of energy
Generation –Industrial Waste, Agro Residues –Anaerobic Digestion –Biogas Production-
Types of Biogas Plant; Thermochemical Conversion –Sources of Energy Generation-
Gasification –Types of Gasifiers –Briquetting –Industrial Application of Gasifiers,
Fuels from biomass (Biogas, Biofuels and Biohydrogen);

Unit V 7 hours
Environmental Impact Assessment: Origin and development of EIA, National
environmental policy and statutory requirements of EIA, objectives of EIA,
Methodology of EIA; categorization and evaluation criteria; prediction and assessment
of impact, interaction between environmental components and impacts.

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Reference books
1. Green Technology – P.K Sinha & Margaret Green way Pioneer Publ.Jaipur.
2. Environmental Biotechnology S.K. Agarwal APH.
3. Managing Industrial Pollution S.K. Bhatia MacMillan
4. Biotechnology and Biotechnology control of insectpests, Techcigl and Recheigl Lewis.
5. Handbook of Bioremediation, Norrisetal Lewis.
6. Elements of Environmental Chemistry –J. Hussain

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