The Nebular Theory

1 A Swedish scientist, Emanuel Swedenborg, was the first to come up with the idea that everything
in our solar system came from a solar nebula
2 Swedenborg's hypothesis was that there was a huge cloud of gas, called a nebula, around the
Sun.|
3Later scientists theorized that the solar nebula around the Sun was moving, or slowly rotating.
4Because of gravity they predicted that the gases would expand, or take up more space, and form a
protoplanetary disc.
5 effects of rotation and gravity continues the protoplanetary disc would then collapse and flatten.
The spinning nebula collected the vast majority of material in its center, which formed the sun
6 The Sun contains 99% of the matter in the solar system.
7 The rest of the gases, ice particles, and space dust formed into the planets and the stars. with
terrestrial planets at the center, gas giants in the middle and the frigid, icy dwarf planets at the edges
of the solar system.

TIDAL HYPOTHESIS
1 Astronomers James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys proposed a different theory that separated
formation of Sun from formation of planets in 1918

2  It theorizes that a massive star passed close enough to the sun to cause a massive tidal wave on its
surface.

3 This tidal wave  was drawn into a long filament or stream of gaseous material,  and became
detached from the main body of the sun

4 This tidal wave  was drawn into a long filament or stream of gaseous material,  and became
detached from the main body of the sun.

5 Serious objections against the encounter theories remain. The main objection is that that massive
stars are relatively infrequent in the Milky Way

ACCRETION THEORY
1944 Otto Schmidt suggested a new kind o theory. Schmidt argued that our sun passed through one
of the many dense clouds of gas and through gravity captured a dusty-gas envelope

It is known from telescopic observations that large, cool, dense clouds of gas and dust occur
throughout the galaxy The hypothesis states that the young Sun passed through a dense interstellar
cloud and emerged surrounded by a dusty, gaseous envelope.
Gravity and spin would then act on this envelope, flattening it and causing blobs to form. These
blobs would join together to form the planets.
The problem with this theory is getting the dusty gas cloud to form the planets. The terrestrial
planets can form in a short time, but the giant gaseous planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune)
would take far too long to form
The theory also does not explain satellites like the moon and is considered one of the weakest
hypotheses for the origin of the solar system.