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Procedia Computer Science 191 (2021) 451–456

The 3rd International Workshop on the Future of Internet of Everything (FIoE)

The 3rd International
Design,Workshop onImplementation
Simulation, the Future of Internet of Everything (FIoE)
and Testing
Design, Simulation, Implementation and Testing
A Product Driven System to Facilitate FEFO Application in
A Product Driven System to Facilitate FEFO Application in
Warehouses
a, Warehouses
Alfathi Najlae *, Abdelfettah Sedquib, Abdelouahid Lyhyaouib
Alfathi Najlaea,*, Abdelfettah Sedquib, Abdelouahid Lyhyaouib
a
Pluridisciplinary Laboratory of Research and Innovation (LPRI), EMSI Casablanca, Morocco
a b
Laboratory
Pluridisciplinary of innovative
Laboratory technology,
of Research Ensa of Tangier,
and Innovation Tangier
(LPRI), EMSI Morroco Morocco
Casablanca,
b
Laboratory of innovative technology, Ensa of Tangier, Tangier Morroco

Abstract
Abstract
The growing competition between industrial companies forces them to improve their management systems. Moreover, the
The growing
emergence competition and
of information between industrial technologies
communication companies forces
has ledthem
to thetonotion
improve theircustomization.
of mass management Thus,
systems. Moreover,
the need the
to deploy
emergence
smart supplyof chains.
information andpaper
In this communication
we proposetechnologies
the use of the hasproduct
led to the notion
driven of mass
system customization.
concept Thus, the
to make reliable theneed to deploy
application of
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FEFO.supply chains.
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the product driven
with an systemdate.
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The proposed solutionthe application
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clearly with
visualize theandifferent
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interactions proposedthe
solution
smart is modelled
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the
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warehouse Process
managers. Model
Through thisand Notation)
solution, to clearly
we ensure visualize
a reliable the different
application interactions
of the FEFO, andbetween the smart
consequently products and
an elimination of the
warehouse
problem of managers. Through this solution, we ensure a reliable application of the FEFO, and consequently an elimination of the
product expiration.
problem of product expiration.
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
© 2021
© 2021 The
The Authors.
Authors. Published byby Elsevier B.V.
This is an open accessPublished
article under Elsevier
the CC B.V.
BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
This is an open access
Peer-review article underthethe CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Peer-review under
under responsibility
responsibilityof of theConference
ConferenceProgram
ProgramChairs.
Chair.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
Keywords: Product Driven System; Smart Product; FEFO; Product Expiration.
Keywords: Product Driven System; Smart Product; FEFO; Product Expiration.

1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Traditional supply chains are becoming increasingly smarts with the integration of infotronic technologies. This
Traditional
integration supplybetter
enables chainscommunication
are becoming increasingly
and smart smarts
decisionwith the integration
making. A supplyof chain
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and
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become making. costly,
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must become muchbecome
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[1]. complex, costly,isuncertain
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these challenges, supply chains must become much smarter [1]. Smart Logistic is considered as fundamental pillar

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +212672287611;

* E-mail
Corresponding
address:author. Tel.: +212672287611;
najlae.alfathi@gmail.com
E-mail address: najlae.alfathi@gmail.com
1877-0509 © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open
1877-0509 © 2021
access
Thearticle
Authors.
under
Published
the CC BY-NC-ND
by Elsevier B.V.
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Peer-review
This is an open
under
access
responsibility
article under
of the CC
Conference
BY-NC-NDProgram
license
Chairs.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.

1877-0509 © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chair.
10.1016/j.procs.2021.07.056
452 Alfathi Najlae et al. / Procedia Computer Science 191 (2021) 451–456
2 ALFATHI/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000

of the 4th industrial revolution 'industry 4.0' [2]. The smart supply chain presents unprecedented opportunities to
reduce cost and improve efficiency [3]. In [4], the authors provide a methodology to help companies in developing
and managing an RFID project. While, in[5] the article describes how intelligent packaging can be used to reduce
food waste when used in supply chain management based on Quality Controlled Logistics (QCL). Thus, the "smart
supply chain" is the new interconnected control system that extends from isolated local and single company
applications to systematic supply chain procedures. One of the key activities of a supply chain is inventory
management. Inventory is one of the most important components of Profit and Loss (trading) account as well as
current asset of Balance Sheet [6]. In this paper we deal with inventory management for products with expiration
dates, thus we propose an intelligent system to ensure a reliable application of the FEFO to reduce product
expirations. This intelligence is achieved by using the concept of product driven system. The product driven system
concept [7] takes into account the product capabilities to play an active role to synchronize the exchange between
various company processes. This synchronization requires knowledge of accurate data in real-time. It requires
integration of infotronic technology, which is carrier of data. Several researchers used this concept to increase the
flexibility and reactivity of their piloting systems. This work was relating to management of re-order of product [8],
hospital logistics [9], and in the manufacturing system [10]. In addition, within the framework of our research, we
applied this principle for piloting order regrouping of a cross-docking platform [11]. This paper is composed of 2
great parts: The first part is dedicated to a literature review on the product driven system, the concept of smart
product and of infotronic technologies. The second presents the principle, steps and modeling of the proposed
solution.

2. Product Driven System

The product driven system concept considers that the product is the main actor in decision making and the
exchange of data in real time with other business processes. In the literature, researchers gave several definitions and
characteristics to the concept. While authors introduced the concept as a derivative of the Holonic Manufacturing
Systems (HMS), which the originality is to combine the centralized decisions on a priori means horizons to long
term, with decentralized or distributed decisions make at the execution on short- term horizons [12]. In [13], authors
used multi-agent system to make new product design decisions. Other authors in addition to the definition of the
concept as a hybridization of two piloting approaches, they recalled the product capabilities, to play an active role of
synchronization of exchanges between different enterprise systems [14]. Of all the different definitions cited in the
literature, one can define a product driven system, as a piloting architecture considering the product as an intelligent
entity capable to communicate with its environment and make decisions that affect its flow [15]. The product driven
system concept is related to the notion of smart product. Several studies have provided definitions of this notion and
have detailed these features: We find in [14] the definitions of products intelligence levels, since the consideration of
the product as active during production leads to impart technical intelligence capabilities to the product. These
capabilities are:

1. owning a unique identifier 2. be able to communicate with its environment

3. be able to store its data 4. deploy a language to display its characteristics,

its production requirements...
5. be able to participate in a decision on its future.
Based on these five capacities, they are two technical product intelligence levels: Product with a first level 1 of
intelligence is able to communicate it state (form, composition, location, and key criteria). This level 1 is oriented to
the product information’s, it covers items from 1 to 3 described above. Product with a second level 2 of
intelligence is able not only to communicate it condition, but also to influence the decisions that are taken against it.
This second level is oriented to the decision; it covers items 1 to 5 described above. The simplest structure of a smart
product consists of the product itself during the manufacturing process and a base associated, such as a pallet
carrying this product. It is the whole product + basic information (infotronic technology) which is the product
oriented [14]. In this paper we make the product smart by using the active RFID, because this technology gives a
smart product with level 2 of intelligence.
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ALFATHI/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000 3

3. Materials and methods

3.1. Solution principle

In order to eliminate the products expirations, we propose in this paper a product-driven system to facilitate the
application of the FEFO (first expired first out) in warehouses. Each reference of product will have a smart product.
The integration of an infotronic technology makes the product smart and able to make up its own decisions. In
the proposed solution, the smart product will indicate the order of products consumptions and guarantee that this
order is respected. For this at each new arrival of products, the steps of the next process will be applied.
Step1: The warehouse responsible sends to the smart product the list of the new products. The list contains the
products code and their expiration dates.
Step2: The smart product receives the list than obtains an order of products (the new products and the products
already stocked) according to their expiration date. Two situations are possible: All the new products have an
expiration date later than the existing products. In this case the smart products will obtain for each new product
its consumption order and will determine the products that will be expired before there consumptions. At least one
of the new products has an expiration date earlier than the stocked products. In this case the smart products
will obtain a new order of consumptions and will determine the products that will be expired before there
consumption. To calculate the consumptions date of each product, the smart product follows the steps explained in
the appendix A.
Step 3: The smart product communicate to the warehouse responsible the result of the effected treatment. Thus,
if all products will be consumed before their expiration dates, the smart product will just validate the acceptance of
the products. If not it will send the list of products to return to their supplier.
Step 4: When the production service asks for a product, the smart product selects the product to be consumed. If
the warehouse worker does not output the selected product, the smart product sends an alert to him.

3.2. System architecture

The product driven system, deployed in this paper, is composed of several smart products. The smart products
communicate with each other, with the warehouse manager and the warehouse workers. See Figure1.

Fig. 1. Architecture of the system.

3.3. Modeling of proposed solution

To validate our solution specifications, we have to model:

- The interactions between the smart product and warehouse responsible.
- The different flow control points.
- The execution of a condition or the passage from a spot to another.
For this we use « Busines Process Model and notation » BPMN, the version BPMN.0

3.3.1. Product pool

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4 ALFATHI/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000

The product pool contains all decisions and spots which the smart product must make. In figure 2, we find the
modeling of the product spots.

Fig. 2. Modeling of smart product

3.3.2. Warehouse responsible pool

This pool explains the activities of the warehouse responsible. See figure 3

Fig. 3. Modeling of warehouse responsible

3.3.3. Interactions between product and warehouse responsible

The appendix B models the various points of synchronization between the two actors: Smart product and
warehouse responsible. Thus, various documents to exchange are modeled.

4. Results and discussions

The added value of this pape is the proactivity of the FEFO application. The goal of this proactivity is avoiding
any risk of products expiration. This proactivity is possible thought three actions that the smart product will do.
Action1: Calculate for each new product the expected expiration date (as explained in appendix A) and then any
product that will expire before its consumption date will be returned to its supplier.
Action2: The smart product defines a consumption order of all stored products according to their expiration
dates. At each picking, the smart product indicates the location of the product to be consumed.
Action3: During the picking, if the storekeeper has not picked the right product, the smart product will send an
alerts to his smart phone.
The proactivity offered by the proposed solution will allow two gains:

4.1. Reliable application of FEFO (First Expired First Out)

By piloting by the smart product, the latter decides which product to consume (according to the products
expiration dates) and ensures the output of this product not of another. So, in case of error the intelligent product
alerts the storekeeper who corrects this error. As a result, a reliable output management is achieved.

4.2. Elimination of the expiry problem

By using the algorithm explained in appendix A, the smart product estimates the consumptions date of all
products. If a product will not be consumed before its expiration date it can be returned to its supplier. As a result,
the proposed solution eliminates any risk of expiration.
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ALFATHI/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000 5

5. Conclusion and perspective

The product expiry is a very delicate problem for supply chain management, especially in the hospital and
pharmaceutical field. By the system suggested in this paper, we presented a reliable application of the FIFO. This
reliability is reached by using the capabilities of smart products. From our research perspective, we wish to study the
return on investment following the establishment of an intelligent network for supply chain piloting. This indicator
give to the industrialists and managers the necessary tools to choose the technology which answers as well as
possible the budgetary constraints associated with each company. Other shares, the suggested solution must be
accomplished by the proposal for a proactive.

6. References

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Appendix A. steps to calculate consumption date of product

Appendix B. interactions between smart product and warehouse responsible