Verbal reasoning &

non-verbal reasoning
Lectured by: Patrick J. Dela Paz, RPm
01 logic
 RULES IN LOGIC
1. Tunay na buhay does not apply
here.
“All cats are dogs.”
2. Take it one line at a time.
3. Always think about your itlog.
Logical reasoning: “all” in statements
All policemen are brave .
Logical reasoning: “all” in statements
All policemen are brave .
BRAVE

POLICEMEN
Logical reasoning: “all” in statements
All policemen are brave.
Juan is brave person. BRAVE
Is juan a policeman?
A. true POLICEMEN

b. false
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “all” in statements
All policemen are brave.
Juan is brave person. BRAVE
Is juan a policeman?
J
A. true POLICEMEN

b. false
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “all” in statements
All policemen are brave.
Juan is brave person. BRAVE
Is juan a policeman?
A. true POLICEMEN

b. false
c. uncertain
 Logical reasoning: “all” in statements
All actors are versatile people.
All versatile people are
competent people. ARE ALL
COMPETENT PEOPLE ACTORS?
a. True
b. False
c. uncertain
All actors are versatile people. All versatile people are competent
people.

VERSATILE COMPETENT

ACTORS VERSATILE
All actors are versatile COMPETENT

people. All versatile

VERSATILE
people are competent
people. ACTORS
 All actors are versatile
people. All versatile people COMPETENT

are competent people.

VERSATILE
ARE ALL COMPETENT PEOPLE
ACTORS? ACTORS

a. True
b. False
c. uncertain
 All actors are versatile
people. All versatile people COMPETENT

are competent people.

VERSATILE
ARE ALL COMPETENT PEOPLE
ACTORS? ACTORS

a. True
b. False
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “all” in statements
All mathematicians are analytical persons. All
programmers are mathematicians. Arwin is a
mathematician. Which of the following is certainly
true?
A. Arwin is a programmer
b. Arwin is an analytical programmer
c. Arwin is an analytical person
D. None Of the above
All mathematicians are analytical All programmers are
mathematicians
persons

ANALYTICAL MATH

MATH PROGRAMMER
All mathematicians
are analytical ANALYTICAL
persons. All
programmers are MATH

A
mathematicians.
Arwin is a
PROGRAMMER

mathematician.
Arwin is a
mathematician.
ANALYTICAL
Which of the following
is certainly true? MATH

A. Arwin is a programmer A
b. Arwin is an analytical PROGRAMMER

programmer
c. Arwin is an analytical
person
D. None Of the above
Arwin is a
mathematician.
ANALYTICAL
Which of the following
is certainly true? MATH

A. Arwin is a programmer A
b. Arwin is an analytical PROGRAMMER

programmer
c. Arwin is an analytical
person
D. None Of the above
Logical reasoning: “only” in statements
Only policemen are brave
people.
Juan is brave person.
Is juan a policeman? Police = brave
A. true
b. false J
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “only” in statements
Only policemen are brave
people.
Juan is brave person.
Is juan a policeman? Police = brave
A. true
b. false J
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “only” in statements
All mailmen are trustworthy. All trustworthy people
are wearing yellow. Only patient people are mailmen.
All people who are patient are wearing yellow.
The fourth statement is ________.
A. True
b. False
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “only” in statements
All mailmen are trustworthy. All
YELLOW
trustworthy people are wearing
yellow. Only patient people are TRUSTWORTHY
mailmen. All people who are
patient are wearing yellow. MAILMEN=

The fourth statement is ________. PATIENT

A. True
b. False
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “only” in statements
All mailmen are trustworthy. All
YELLOW
trustworthy people are wearing
yellow. Only patient people are TRUSTWORTHY
mailmen. All people who are
patient are wearing yellow. MAILMEN=

The fourth statement is ________. PATIENT

A. True
b. False
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “SOME” in
statements
SOME policemen are brave
people.
Juan is brave person.
Is juan a policeman? BRAVE B+p POLICE
A. true
b. false
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “SOME” in
statements
SOME policemen are brave
people.
Juan is brave person.
Is juan a policeman? BRAVE B+p POLICE
A. true
b. false
c. uncertain
Logical reasoning: “SOME” in
statements
Some hard working people are students. All students
are punctual. Jen is hardworking. Which of the
following is certainly true?
A. Jen is a student.
B. Jen is a punctual student.
C. Jen is not a student.
D. NONE OF THE ABOVE.
Logical reasoning: “SOME” in
statements
Some hard working people All students are punctual.
are students.
PUNCTUAL

HARD HWP+S STUDENTS STUDENTS

W.P
 Logical reasoning: “SOME” in
statements
Some hard working people
are students. All students
are punctual. Jen is PUNCTUAL
J
hardworking. Which of the HARD
following is certainly true? WORKING J
STUDENTS

A. Jen is a student. PEOPLE

B. Jen is a punctual student.
C. Jen is not a student.
D. NONE OF THE ABOVE.
 Logical reasoning: “SOME” in
statements
Some hard working people
are students. All students
are punctual. Jen is PUNCTUAL
J
hardworking. Which of the HARD
following is certainly true? WORKING J
STUDENTS

A. Jen is a student. PEOPLE

B. Jen is a punctual student.
C. Jen is not a student.
D. NONE OF THE ABOVE.
Logical reasoning
Ana is taller than Belle. Belle is taller than
Rizzy. Which of the following is TRUE?
(A) Rizzy is shorter than Ana
(B) Ana is shorter than Rizzy
(C) Belle is shorter than Rizzy
(D) Rizzy is the tallest among the three
Logical reasoning
Ana is taller than Belle. Belle is taller than Rizzy.

Ana BELLE

beLLE RIZZY
Logical reasoning
Ana is taller than Belle. Belle is taller than
Rizzy. Which of the following is TRUE?
(A) Rizzy is shorter than Ana
(B) Ana is shorter than Rizzy
Ana
(C) Belle is shorter than Rizzy belle
(D) Rizzy is the tallest among the three RIZZY
Logical reasoning
Ana is taller than Belle. Belle is taller than
Rizzy. Which of the following is TRUE?
(A) Rizzy is shorter than Ana
(B) Ana is shorter than Rizzy
Ana
(C) Belle is shorter than Rizzy belle
(D) Rizzy is the tallest among the three RIZZY
02 ANALOGY
Word association
Analogy: word association

big : large, small : ______

a. TINY
B. ENORMOUS
C. GIANT
D. huge
Analogy: word association
1. Antonyms (opaque : clear, fancy : simple).
2. Unit of measure used (length : meters , electric current :
amperes)
3. Category (Occupation : Salesman, Hobby : Singing)
4. Description (Paper : thin, Water : odorless)
5. Function (Pen : to write, stove : to cook)
6. Person to action (chef : cook, dancer : perform)
Analogy: word association

1 . clock : time : : thermometer : _______

(A) heat
(B) temperature
(C) humidity
(D) pressure
Analogy: word association

1 . clock : time : : thermometer : _______

(A) heat
(B) temperature
(C) humidity
(D) pressure
Analogy: word association

2. archaic : old : : gloomy : _____

(A) bright
(B) melancholy
(C) rigid
(D) nostalgic
Analogy: word association

2. archaic : old : : gloomy : _____

(A) bright
(B) melancholy
(C) rigid
(D) nostalgic
Analogy: word association

3. sports : tennis : : music : ______

(A) rhythm
(B) popularity
(C) jazz
(D) auditory
Analogy: word association

3. sports : tennis : : music : ______

(A) rhythm
(B) popularity
(C) jazz
(D) auditory
03 Number
sequence
Number sequence

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, ____
Number sequence

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13
 Number sequence
1. Arithmetic sequence: adding constant number to
previous term.
“1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13”
2. Geometric sequence: multiplying constant number
to previous term.
“2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64”
 Number sequence
3. Alternating sequence: mathematical operations are
alternating to define the succeeding terms of the sequence.

4, 5, 15, 16, 48, 49, 147

+1 x3 +1 x3 +1 x3
 Number sequence
4. Recursive sequence: sequence are defined in
terms of the previous terms.

1, 3, 4, 7, 11
 Number sequence
1) 1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 32, _____
(A) 120
(B) 256
(C) 312
(D) 410
 Number sequence
1) 1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 32, _____
(A) 120
(B) 256
(C) 312
(D) 410
 Number sequence
2) 3, 5, 4, 6, 5, 7, 6, 8, 7, _____
(A) 8
(B) 9
(C) 10
(D) 11
Number sequence
 Number sequence
2) 3, 5, 4, 6, 5, 7, 6, 8, 7, _____
(A) 8
(B) 9
(C) 10
(D) 11
 Number sequence
3) 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5, _____
(A) 24.5
(B) 48. 5
(C) 55.5
(D) 62.5
 Number sequence
3) 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5, _____
(A) 24.5
(B) 48. 5
(C) 55.5
(D) 62.5
04 Abstract
reasoning
Thanks!