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1. Transverse Waves
A mechanical wave is said to be transverse if the particles of the medium tend
to oscillate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the
wave. This implies that the particles of the medium vibrate up and down. In
other words, the particle motion and the wave motion of a transverse wave are
aligned perpendicular to each other. The maximum displacement formed by a
transverse wave in the upward direction is known as a crest, whereas the
maximum displacement formed by a transverse wave in the downward
direction is known as a trough. They are also known as t-waves.
2. Longitudinal Waves
A mechanical wave is said to be longitudinal if the particles of the medium
tend to oscillate in a direction parallel to the direction of propagation of the
wave. This implies that the particles of the medium vibrate to and fro.
Longitudinal waves travel in the form of compression and rarefaction.
Compressions demonstrate the region of maximum pressure and density,
while rarefaction is the region of minimum pressure and density. Longitudinal
waves are also known as i-waves.
2. Water Waves
Due to the action of the gravitational force of the moon, the earth, and the sun,
the water present in the seas or oceans receives a pull force, leading to the
formation of a wave. The crests and troughs of such waves are easily visible.
Hence, the ocean and sea waves are yet another example of transverse
mechanical waves in real life.
3. Spring Waves
When a push or a pull force is applied to one end of a spring or a slinky,
keeping its opposite end stable, its particles tend to vibrate back and forth in a
direction parallel to the movement of the spring. The compressions and
rarefactions formed by a deformed spring can be easily observed. Hence, the
waves produced by a spring or a slinky are known as longitudinal mechanical
waves.
4. Stadium Waves
A stadium wave or the Mexican wave is formed when a group of people pull
their arms up rhythmically one after another. The audience present in the
stadium acts as a medium for the wave to travel from one location to the other.
Hence, the stadium wave is a classic example of mechanical waves.
6. Seismic Waves
Seismic waves are the waves produced due to the movement of the tectonic
plates of the earth or because of an earthquake. Since the propagation of
seismic waves requires a rigid medium, they are classified under the category
of mechanical waves.
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