Tujuan utama Ventilasi di dalam tambang,

Tujuan Ventilasi
adalah:
Ventilasi, • Sebagai ahli tambang, vantilasi adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk
mengontrol udara di dalam tambang. Hal ini merupakan proses yang
1. Quality control (purifying air and removing contaminants)
a. Gas control—vapors and gaseous matter, including radiation

Pompa, harus dilakukan untuk mengontrol kondisi di tambang bawah tanah.

Ventilasi tambang pada prinsipnya menerapkan prinsip mekanika
b. Dust control—particulate matter
2. Quantity control (regulating magnitude and direction of airflow)
Penerangan fluida untuk aliran udara dalam tambang. a. Ventilation
b. Auxiliary or face ventilation

dan Peralatan • Arti prinsip pengontrolan udara, ventilasi mengatur sirkulasi udara,
baik jumlah dan arahnya di sepanjang tambang bawah tanah.
c. Local exhaust
3. Temperature-humidity control (controlling latent and sensible heat)
Oleh: • Ketugasan dari proses pengontrolan total udara tambang meliputi a. Cooling
Dr. Ir. Singgih Saptono, MT. b. Heating
kualitas, kuantitas, dan temperature-kelembaban udara tambang c. Humidification
(Anon., 1993). d. Dehumidification

Ada empat pengembangan penting pada saat ini, FOUNDATIONS OF MINE VENTILATION Respiratory Requirements
dua perubahan teknologi dan dua nonteknik AND AIR CONDITIONING
1. The high-speed, electronic digital computer, permitting advanced 1. Physical chemistry,
solutions to ventilation circuits and networks heretofore unsolvable; 2. Thermodynamics,
2. The systems approach, which optimizes complex industrial 3. Fluid mechanics, and Explosibility
operations, permitting personnel, materials, and methods to be (Coward)
coordinated in the most efficient way; 4. Mechanical design to control of the physical, chemical, and thermal
properties of air. diagram for
3. Extensive federal legislation, embodying a strict code of regulations methane. (After
to improve the safety of mining operations; Coward and
4. The advent of socioengineering, the applying of technology with full Jones, 1952.)
consideration of the social, political, economic, and environmental
consequences as well as the technical benefits.

Handheld Monitoring Techniques of

Detectors Methane Drainage
• Machine-mounted monitors (Machine-mounted methane monitors are
• Safety Lamps • Vertical Degas System; and
required in coal mines on all-electric face-cutting equipment,
• Methane Detectors • Vertical Gob Degas System.
continuous miners, longwall face equipment, and loading machines),
• Oxygen Detectors
and
Efficiencies of
• Detectors for Carbon Monoxide various methane
and Other Toxic Gases • Area monitors (Monitors may be used for protection from a safety control
hazard such as fires or explosions or for protection from a health
hazard such as a toxic gas).
techniques in
eastern U.S. coal
mines (After
Zabetakis, 1973).

Air-Moving Equipment
• Mechanical ventilation or air-moving devices include all powered
machines used to induce airflow in mine openings or ducts.
Vertical gob Instruments Vane anemometers for • Fans are the most important and most common of these machines, but
measuring air velocity, (a)
compressors and injectors also have application to ventilation.
gas well for Dial type. (After Anon.,
1972b. By permission from
Chamber of Mines of South
Measuring Africa.) (b) Digital type.
[Airflow Developments, Ltd.
Velocity in (Canada), Richmond Hill,
Ontario.]
Mines
 Axial-flow fans, model 8HU117, dual
installation. (By permission from Sound attenuation for (a) centrifugal fan and (b) axial-flow fan. (After
Graham, 1975. Reprinted with permission of the American Society of
Jeffrey Mining Machinery Division,
Heating, Refrig-erating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta,
Dresser Industries, Inc., Columbus. GA.)
OH).

Classification Construction Comparison

of Mechanical of a of Fan
Ventilation centrifugal Performance
Equipment fan.
Used in Mines

Auxiliary Ventilation and Controlled Basic layouts of exhaust (a)

Basic layouts of exhausting (a) and blowing (h)
and blowing line (b) • (b) with bypass] and brattice ventilation for
Recirculation brattice systems for a
auxiliary-fan systems for a continuous miner section
(check curtains shown are optional).
Combination of vent tubing
[(a) without and
reduction of dust at roof bolter face; typical
continuous miner section. dust concentra-tions shown (Anon., 1985b).
• Two primary applications of auxiliary ventilation in mining are to
ventilate dead-end workings and to provide supplemental flow to
assist the main ventilation system, as in booster ventilation or in
controlled recirculation. Typical
• Ventilation of dead-end workplaces is the most common application of multiple-
auxiliary ventilation. entry
airways.

The typical uses to which water is put within The factors affecting the mine water inflow to
an underground mine are the following: a mine
• Mine service water to operate mining equipment such as rock drills, • The hydrogeology of the rock surrounding the mining excavations,
continuous miners and longwall shearers. • Mine geometry,
Mine design and • Dust suppression. • Aquifer characterisitcs,
ventilation system • Mine cooling. • Ground water level,
design (Luxbacher
• Underground workshops • Mining depths, and
and Ramani,
1980).
Drainage Underground • Conveying fine ore from underground to surface as pumped slurries. • Structural discontinuities.
Mining • Backfill for ground support
• Potable water and sanitation underground.

The quantity of water An important influence Types of Pumps Double-flow submersible

which can enter a in designing pumping Available motor pumps
mine workings capacity
• Reciprocating pumps - piston, ram and
diaphragm;
• Surface hydrology, • Constant rates of inflow over a • Radial flow pumps - centrifugal, turbine
• Size and shape of source of long period; and submersible pumps.
water, • Occasional large inflows from a
• Recharge area and finite source of underground
water;
• Hydraulic characteristics of the
intervening strata between the • Drainage of large solution cavities
source of water and mine in karst aquifers;
workings • Water inflow through erosive
protective layer.
Different
process while
dewatering
underground
Lighting
mines