St ff ness Method 8 —_—_ = Araly eis of beams amd Frames: e Derivation ef Beam element Stiffness Matrix : — Recall, kis Defmision : 6&3: the force and node t* due to a unit oisplace ment at node 4 : In general , for a beam element in 2-D peach node have a 3 Dor : u,v, “ % £a,T,L c Ue q 4 62,; 2 2 (a): So, how can we drive the ke for the beam Shown above . (ANS) : How a beut using kij de finition 2 le. We Know that Ke for the beam has a Size of XG { Since 2 nodes for each beam x3 DoF for each node 3Fei kn Kin Kis kw Kg Kee ue yy . J Bett peeeset ceeen cet vi Ma | = . * i Ke Ke Lon ie 4 Fay 4; . Kay Kae Kus Kay Kas ky bi ‘ M Key Kea Kes key Key Ks, zy Ke Kur Kes Kes Kes Kew 3 = (xe) (Gx) S% to derive the 44 Column of Ke, impose @ unt disp lacement Bieio (Ad holding oAl other nodal displacements = zeyy Il fhe wees ~ 20 2 Yj = Oe} =oj Ujp=t.0 — EAy —> ng 1 column = CO rh gorkEA + EA L ; Note 3 Can also, be defined as3 force al dof “i* due to a unit displacement at dof ~j * lee Fy due do visto Kee fy 7 7 * * => {ke Pp a4 Mi, 2 2 © Kap Fj 2 4 4% 4 Kee Nig 6 9 Koz M2;So, Can you find there. forces ? Well, the answer i's simply :” Yer® Use Beam 4th order differerdial eq Uotion 8 ty EL w'=0 ELA EI vs AxsB Elwv’- Age + Bei C 3 oa we + BLO 4 D ° vo) 20 > (=0) evo) = Used > EIU) =D “G2 > Arve = APs a or Be -A a « v(t) =0 ° = 3 ~ ALY oe ee ab + ( Aty(E) 4 82= EL wx) = Sees Qe (Aer (4) = 1883 (x-4 per 5 x) = 5) a =) ET +(x) or A = ‘Set ike = ELY%) (8B). Ee %W) = ke, Shear at pode ”* Kon = ELar%) 2 BEE (0-4) = ~ $2 Kea = Elv (1) = EE (L- ky ser (er ~ eo Ps (Te Ger (RET = = Note; direchon of forces and moments Shovon above are hased on CY) Now, for us to wnte the ans Column Wwe have to trans fer these results but Compare ub first with our Sign Convention . t I.) (—h 5” Column = ~GEL Oe using Boas 4H order differential equation : Ela’. 0A ELuv=A ELa’.: Ax +8 FIv' 2 Ax 4 Bx 4c ee oa Bec AD ; 2% @) 240 > F1v%) = EL) =¢ (Cz et) VO) = 0 3 {b= vt) =0 ° 2 SErvm 2 Bee yer=> El v%x) - GEE, _ AEL Le > Kes = ED a%o) 2 GET (4) = ksy = ELeM(L). bt (4) Le Kyy = Ere) = -SEL Keg = ELV - Ee (= Compare it torth owe Sign Conventron: ((——!> cd > 3~ column = GEL Wg cf e siwalarly , oth Column Can be derived fo be : io no 4 => e8 Column = riche voEA 0 0. -~EA c tT {att = GET — (28 Ee = ° 1Es —laet — ~GET ca Cc e GET REL poet oe oF a-D Beam Element Srffness Matnrxe basedFixed-End-Forces { a 15PL{ | \ 15PL 4 \ 48 tee Ly rFixed-End-Forces = * unt a jist 192 | 1Fixed-End-ForcesA jens) ema e co M Mb(2a-b) | J | \ Mat(2b-a) Ee \ ! , C“ Stiffness Method: Frangapolian-Way I! ” Ex. Assemble global stiffness matrix for the beam shown above. A= 6000 mit ‘A= 2000 mnt E = 200 GPa, E=2006Pq T= 100 x 10'mm* T= 50x 10mm 8m —L +m Solution: First, let us find the stiffness matrix common coefficients for each member. EA 200x10° * x6000x10 °m? Bm 150,000 KN 12€T s2x200x10° SY 10010 *m* Ag 868.75 KN foe exz0oxio’ SY ,400x10 Sm! cca me 87 KN ger 4x200x10° Y 100x10 *m* =>———_—_2—_______ 10,000 KNm E 8m a = 5000 KN.mKN cA . 200x10° nt *2000x10 ° mm 4 7a — = 100,000 KN/m tzer _12x200x10° ut x50x10 *m* => 1875 KN/in 6x200x10° SN xs0x10 ‘mm? SEE | nt 23750 KN is wat : ager 4x200x10° KN 50x10 &m* cand a = 10,000 KN.m a = 5000 KN.m° = 100,000 ° ° ° ° 468.75 1875 = 150,000 0 1875 10,000 0 ° ° 150,000 - 468.75 -1875 0 1875 5000 ° th (lL (F.C, ° ° 1875 3750 3750 10,000 ° ° - 1875 - 3750 3750 5000 ° ° 100,000 ° ° - 468.75 ~ 1875 468.75 - 1875 o CB. C ° ° 5000 ° le 1875 (° 8. ° - 1875 I | ‘b 10,000} |@,, Ce]. Ce] & Ez ° ° 1875 3750 - 3750 5000 ° ° 1875 - 3750 ~ 3750 10,000 Bee,ee fe] @ mm ome ota lm. ° 1875 10,000 ° = 1875 o Omer ae Sere at eae nl eerie ete eeeetece In] | 0 0 0 0 109s (le tec pee eeteceee ers od ° ° eer Oey i 1875 ° o 0 | Iw 5000 ° ob o+0 — -100000 0 oo | Jy -1875+3750 09-1875 3750 | |¥} 10000+ 10,000 0 —- 3780 8000 | Jay ° 100000 0 =o | |y - 3780 01878-3750 000 © — ~3750 10,000] |6,. Which would result the following force-displacement matrix relationship’ Fe) [180000 0 0 -180900 09 0 7 © 468.75 1875 0 = 460.75 1875 Me © 1875 10000 «018758000 Fa) [350000 0 0 280000 So {fab=| 0 468.75 -1875 0 2948.75 1875 My © 1875 000 «= «01875 20,000 a ° ls ea (0 | toa non et 0) ot ° rn 1878-3750 ° © 0 oo 780 5000 © 0 0 } fm) o 0 0 ° oo | |e. -100000 0 0 | 4 © -1875 s780| |v, 0-750 5000 | |a,, tooo 0 =o | lu 0 1875-3750) |», © ~3780 10.000) |e,Draw the shear and bending diagrams for the following beam. Exclude axial effect. « Fixed-End-Forces: \ < 20 0 KN sey, co ® / \f4 1) (ftir t _t —| ) 10! gw 2 5 kN/m }\ wf \ ie a eee elThe beam has a 3 D.O.F's, namely, @,,, displacement equations becomes: (after striking-out columns representing known D.O.F.'s). 1875 10,000 5,000 1875 5,000 20,000 @,,,and®,.. So, the force- - 26.667 +10 + 2.5 - 1.25 - 3,750 - 3,750 5,000 10,000 5,000 20,000 5,000 5,000 3.20 | x10 rad. ~ 3,750 1875 1875 22.05 } KN 3,750 ~ 3,750r a 18.46 treo 1846 vee" iEx. Draw the shear and bending diagrams for the following beam. = 200.66 00 Gra 32 100% 1mm! Ohne « Fixed-End-Forces: BKn ‘ sive 26.667, = en eet S667 (COLL \e al) \ he aThe beam has a 2 D.O.F's, namely, u,and 6, So, the force-displacement equations becomes: (after striking-out the all known D.O.F.'s columns). Fa] [-150,000 0 ] ° Fra ° 1875 20+ 9.375 Mee ° 5,000 26.667 + 37.5 F,| | 250.000 0 ° Faft=| 0 1875 (I. 20 + 10 - 9.735 - 18.75 Mas © 20,000 ve ~ 26,667 + 6.667 + 37.5 - 25] °30.08 KN Mea 66.04 KN. {Fy }=4 2.58 KN Fee OKN 27.34 KN Mic} [+ 54.79 KNm Note: Mz: is "-54.79 KN.M", which means it's direction in clock-wise. [Fee ° °o ) Fa} | 1.875 29.375 M..| | 5,000 64.167 Ft =4 1875 $ $75x10-}+) 1.875 Fee ° 0 Fye| [+ 3,750 28.75 I 5,000 |- 56.667, {Fee KN20 vKN 30.04 (0,005 rad“ Stiffness Method: Thaalabeyyat-Way |! Ex. For the beam shown below, draw the shear and bending diagrams excluding the axial effect. EI = 200 GPa a=12x10%/'¢ h=1l.2m 10 KN/m 4 tig 9 $b 6m —— The problem can be reduced to the following beam: 0.003 radFixed-End Forces: \ 0.008 rad Now, let us play our game, that is, finding the stiffness matrix of our problem, using the basic definition of ki© 17 Column : (due to @, Fe az a 30 + 22.222 c z ra Mea a zt 30 + 66.667 L L Fp 30 - 22.222 ~ 22.222 -10 - + Mop ~30 - 14 + 66.6667 ~ 66,6667 ~ 20 , 22.222 +10 14 - 66.667 - 40[ab | —_=3,333.333_| 13,333.333 | 6,666.067 (Fy. - 40) 3333.333 3333.333 52.222 Me 13333.333 6666.67 96.667 Fe - 3333.333 ° (@,,) |= 24.444 Ms | | 6666.667 2666.67 i" *) 6a Fre ° ~ 3333.333 32.222 Mae ° 666.667 - 92.667, + Displacement: M, = 80) [13333.333 6666.67 ]/2,.] (96.667 - + My = 0} | 6666.67 26666.667||9,,) | - 64 (@,.] _{- 0.0028 > : rad 8.) | 0.0032 + Reactions: Fj. - 40) [ 3333.333 3333.33 52.222 Fa ~ 3333.333 ° (0.0028) |- 24. a Fre : o — 3333.333|| 0.0031 | 32.222 I Mac ° 6666.667 - 92. ssr|fF, - 40) [53.222 KN 93.222 KN F, 15.11 KN 15.11 KN 7 21.89 KN 21.89 KN Me -72 KNm 72 KNmEx. For the beam shown below, draw the shear and bending diagrams excluding the axial effect. EI = constant. 10 KN 4 KN/m prititt tidy ae D.OF.'s = 1 {0,5} * Fixed End Forces: 10 10 5 5 eagle oe#1 Column : (Due to 8. = 1.0) 6 Fa pee Fy ] ae 10 2 Mo 5 8.333 6, 6 Ky penn he 25 ‘300 10+5 wer] 2 2) fo) =0 ae a Ms 5 +0 8.333 +12.5 6 F, ee 7 100 a Mec a 12.5 10 * Displacement {Me = 0} = ag + Te + (8.333 + 12.5) = Op = 34725 er fab | rx (6/25) | ELx(4/5) | Ex (2/5) [be er x (67100)Ex. For the beam shown below, draw the shear and bending diagrams excluding the axial effect. EX = 20,000 KNm?. 20 KN/m *DOF's = 3 10, Se + Fixed End Forces:© 1" Column : Due to vp40 26.667 Fe 7.5+3.75 -15+0 0+7.5|/,) |40+16 My f= 10°] -15 40 © |hea | # 4726-667 Man 75 ° 20 |l8s2) | 10.667 Fe -3.75 Cars 16 Mec 75 oO 10 10.667 Displacemen: [F,=0 [11.25 -15 7.5] {vp 56 Mo =0}=10?| -15 40 0 |16,}+4-26.667 Mian = 0| 7.5 0 20|(@.| | 10.667 va) [-14.933) = 40p, f= 7 4.933 + x 10° m ex) 9.007 | 37x10"Reactions: =10° 75 15 -15 20 -3.75 0 ° 40 (14.933 ° 26.667 4.933 } x10 + 75 16 5.06726 KN AKN/m tb 6 a tsom TS 3m 2m Bm membe| & Ir Th na om h Cram) | CC) | COD lemam/men )] Comm) ab | 200 | aax0| fo | 20 |12x6°| 400 be | 200 |soxc*} 10 | 20 | L2xio’| 200 Draw shear and bendling Diagrams. CNegleck Axial Deformation ) Solution « Stiffness Coefficients : (REL ee Ckey/m) |__ Cee) u 3 0-938K10 | 3-15 x10 3 3 0.% X10 | 2-4X10© fized-End forces : @ Mechanical Loads: e@abs ad poo y . Fyap = @ = 8kN 2(8) Fines A = BEN li e am “4 i Zee = Ty Note: Fixed Support a(a) ni athough itis an Me "a0 7 — 10.667 KN-m end_rolfer Note : Sign Zamponent with G used to derived Ke 10 KN ebe; oe y as tert Fup 2G)GO? = 12.96 KN =P 7 _ For = ashore) = 1.04 KN Ma, = 2EYO = 44 KNem mM, . ~20(23(9) 2 4.6 kom Zep” SVE@ Temperature Loads T-Tw ELa(Te-Ta) ety @ 2b a —_ EI b Ma, 200 (200) [.2 x16' 10-20) ° ME 6.4 = 12 Kft -5 Maye Fa ee = -(-12). lak gt ebc = 200 (50) 1.ax15 "(10 ~ 20) . Ma amen eat -5 Mop + ~ [eee ane C029) = -Cb)- 6 KEE Settlement Loads ; bet, iaera & eab: ¢ | ) FE 12,(200)(200) eax, | * Ste ---olb IIs Yai” Teepe OMS) lade = 4.06 kn “RA Fy, = -l4.06 kN / 200" Maar = LOO) Co.015) = 56,45 kKN.m Mapp = 96.25 KN-m@ be: ae Say a laces Rye = ACNE) 6.04 f m— I, = -leh KNim Fee 2 IAA Knim Me p = =e) COIS) = ~36 KNim Meee = -3GkKN.m @ Reduced Global Stiffness Matric + Ke EE hota Stisiness Mate s k Neglecting Axial deformations = each node have 200F% {s3 Now, Locking at our Problem ss aa DOF Problem {2} > Size of Ses Sk = Cox2) REED © Ba 240 § b derive 1 Glumn of Ke} eK oe t Gy deg) esa, yack = 4.0 to ot Cal Kp}: 4, [0 derive a"! Column of Ke} CR, LY) (re CH), C8), 2)...Now, arrange the values of Stiffness efficient : Ons One (4 lab ae (4B), i -48 ab ~ te) ES (Fe 2), 2) 0 es = he ° c re al E 3-15 315 (+400) ad 5 Py (0.667 -1 2456.23) Ma=0 a lis. aot Or (ecaeeene Fp = fo [a0 2378424 y+ - He lo 2048 Oe -10-WeTsh | May =0 6456. 25_ 36 Fye c eae (1044.4) ° 4 C4. 646-30) Mec ? © Solve for Displacement » M.. =o 20 107 (o,, SUT * 210 \{ }e{ a) May <0 jo 2d Le 2.4 Ora -2-641 ae a #10 > i. [- ae } ta 2b© Reactions + fn 35 3-15 Me 20 10 Fe pelt 195 | §~ Mas lo 28 0.10 Fe ° -24 Mac ° A iE HMls you Hhot the reaction at"b~ 1S Zero (Since roller Support de nat Ceshrain moment). But, it does not mean that the moment at the ak point “6° — 2ers I em 2m 3m N56 Bxeeee oxo ase Te => x = 5.18 217 - 40.04