ACTIVITY

BOOK

PRIMARY 4

UNIT 1 Inside your body .................................. 2

UNIT 2 Healthy living ........................................ 8
UNIT 3 Living things and ecosystems ............. 14
UNIT 4 Plants and animals ................................ 20
UNIT 5 Matter and energy ............................... 26
UNIT 6 Machines and forces ............................. 32
Glossary................................................. 38
 1
1 INSIDE YOUR BODY
1 Match the definitions to the words.

This is a muscle the size of a fist. pneumonia

This consists of digestion, excretion,

respiration and circulation. nutrition

This is an illness in the lungs caused

by germs. heart

2 Put the sentences about digestion in order.

a The blood absorbs the nutrients and sends them to the body cells.

b The food goes down the oesophagus.

c The waste goes into the large intenstine and leaves the body.

d The food enters the stomach then goes into the small intestine.

e Food enters your mouth. 1

f The small intestines separate the nutrients from the waste.

3 Label the picture with the words in the box.

kidney   urethra   bladder  ureter

1 2

3 4

2
4 Complete the sentences about the excretory system.
There is one extra word.

bladder urethra sweating kidneys

pores waste ureters urine

a The filter the blood.

b The body eliminates waste in the form of .

c Urine goes down the to the urethra.

d Sweat is released through the .

e The bladder releases urine through the .

f The excretory system expels from the body.

g cools down your body.

5 Circle the words related to the respiratory system.

Use them to label the picture.

a lungs

b kidney

c bronchi

d mouth
a

e stomach

f nose

g trachea

h urethra

i alveoli

3
 1

6 Complete the sentences about the respiratory system.

a You breathe in through your nose and .

b The air goes down a tube called the .

c This tube divides into two smaller tubes called .

d The air then enters the .

e The bronchi divide again into smaller tubes, ending in .

f In the alveoli, from the lungs passes into the blood.

g from the blood passes into the lungs and leaves the body.

7 Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the

false sentences.

a All human beings perform two life functions: nutrition and respiration.

b The funtion of reproduction consists of respiration, circulation, exrection and digestion.

c Cells are made up of organs working together.

d All tissues are made up of millions of body systems.

e The human body has many different body systems which work together.

8 Circle the correct words.

a The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood and

lungs / blood vessels.
b It transports oxygen / carbon dioxide to each cell in the body.

c Bloods flows through vessels called bronchi / arteries, veins

and capillaries / alveoli.

4
9 Match to make correct sentences.

carry blood from the heart to all parts

The heart
of the body.

The veins pumps blood round the body.

exchange the carbon dioxide in the

The arteries
blood for oxygen.

carry blood from all parts of the body

The capillaries
back to the heart.

10 Label the pictures with the words in the box.

penis vagina fallopian tube urethra ovary

uterus vulva testicle scrotum

a ovary

b
a c
b
c
d
d
e
e

h
f
h
i
g
i

5
 1

Discover

How to find your heart rate

1 Investigate and see how fast your heart beats!

1 With a family member, make a piece of plasticine flat.

Stick a toothpick in the middle. Put the plasticine on your
wrist under your thumb. Rest your arm on a table. Watch
how the toothpick moves. This is your heart rate!
2 To find your resting heart rate, sit and look at a stop
watch or clock. Count how many times your heart beats
in one minute.
3 Is your heart rate always the same? Jump at the spot for
60 seconds. Count your heart rate for another minute.
Write your results in the table. Now your family member
repeats the process. Compare your results.
4 Take turns walking up and down the stairs for one
minute. Check your heart rates and record your results.
Repeat the process with another physical activity.
When was your heart rate the fastest? Why do you
think this is?

2 Write your other physical activity. Complete the table.

my family member’s
my heart rate
heart rate

resting

after 60 seconds of jumping

after using the stairs

6
Skills check
1 Read the text. Unjumble the letters to complete the
sentences.

A healthy heart and lungs

The circulatory and respiratory systems work e h t o e g t r . Your

heart, o b d o l and lungs help transport oxygen and nutrients to

all parts of your d y b o . Your heart is a s c l u m e

you need to exercise. When you play outside, you exercise your heart

and other muscles in your body. It is also m o p r t n t i a to eat

healthy food. If you eat lots of unhealthy fats, cholesterol builds up inside your blood

ssseelv . The blood cannot flow easily, so your heart must work

harder. You must k i r n d lots of water and get enough s p l e e

. You must also look after all your body s t m e y s s

. Stay away from food with harmful chemicals. Go outside and get

lots of fresh r i a .

2 What do you do to stay healthy?

a I have a shower every day.

7
 2 HEALTHY LIVING
1 Circle the correct words
a Air enters your nose through the nostrils / cochlea.
b The retina / optic nerve sends information to the brain.
c The sensory nerves detect temperature and tastes / pain.
d Sound waves enter your eyes / ears.
e Your tongue is covered in taste buds / olfactory nerves.

2 Write the five senses and indicate which sentence from

activity 1 they refer to.

1 sight b

3 Label the picture.

3
1

4 Complete the text about the nervous system. Use

the words from the box. There is one extra word.

brain  cerebrum  spinal cord  nerves  sense organs

The nervous system receives information from the .

The interprets this information and works together

with the to send messages to different parts of your body

through the .

8
5 Label the picture with the words in the box.

abdominal muscles deltoid calf muscles triceps

pectoral muscles quadriceps trapezius biceps

a e b
f
b c
g

c d

g
d
h
h

6 Unjumble the letters to write names of bones.

1 saruid 2 garbice

3 psalcua 4 afiubl

7 Write proper posture or improper posture below.

a When you pick up something heavy, bend your back.

b When you stand, keep your back straight.

c When you sit, cross your feet.

d When you walk, put your shoulders forward.

e When you carry a school bag, wear it high up on your back.

f When you pick up something heavy, squat down.

9
 2

8 Complete the table with the words in the box.

carbohydrates and fibre olive oil, seeds, avocados and nuts antioxidants
dairy products fruit and vegetables protein and iron

food groups what they contain

protein and calcium

vitamins, minerals, fibre and

meat, poultry, fish, eggs and pulses

healthy fats and oils

bread, pasta, cereals and potatoes

9 Complete the crossword about nutrients.

1 These can be healthy and can help improve 2

blood circulation.
1
2 This helps the digestive system stay healthy. 4
3 Carbohydrates and healthy fats provide this. 3 r
4 Your muscles need protein so they can build e 6
and do this.
5 p
5 Antioxidants fight off cancer and do this for a
your cells.
i
6 This keeps your bones and teeth healthy.
7 r
7 This helps your body transport oxygen
better.

10
10 Label the items with the correct food group.

1 olive oil, seeds, avocados and nuts 3 fruit and vegetables 5 dairy products
2 meat, poultry, fish, eggs and pulses 4 bread, pasta, cereals and potatoes

a lettuce 3 e tomatoes i salmon

b chicken f spaghetti j lentils

c rice g broccoli k peanuts

d olives h chickpeas l cheese

11 Match these definitions to the words.

These are viruses or bacteria which can

germs
make you ill.

This is the result of an unhealthy diet and

empathy
not doing exercise.

This is a state of both good physical and

check-up
mental health.

This is a visit to the doctor to see if you are

obesity
healthy.

This is the ability to understand how

well-being
someone else feels.

12 Complete the sentences about healthy living with the words in the box.
amount   understand   check-ups   group   wash   feelings   exercise

a Understand the experiences of other people and be sensitive to their .

b Eat the right of food from each food every day.

c Have regular with your doctor.

d Do some .

e your hands often.

11
 2

Discover

Let’s eat!
1 Today you are helping your family create a healthy
menu for the weekend. Remember to include all the
food groups for each day to have a balanced diet.
Choose from the box or write your own ideas.

hamburgers spaghetti chickpeas meatballs Spanish omelette apples

squid rings lentils biscuits hake fillet salmon grapes
ice-cream cake chips tuna salad cod peas
rice carrot soup bacon eggs green beans ustard

Saturday Sunday

breakfast

lunch

snack

dinner

dessert

2 Complete the sentences. Is your choice healthy?

My favourite food is

My favourite drink is

12
Skills check
1 Look at the picture. Read and answer the questions.
Use the responses in the box to help you.

Yes, there is.   No, there isn't.   Yes, there are.   No, there aren't.

1 Are there children playing in park? Yes, there are.

2 Are there three girls playing basketball?

3 Is there a boy crying in a wheelchair?

4 Are there children drawing on the grass?

5 Is there a girl wearing a cap?

6 Are there children eating fruit?

7 Are there some boys sleeping?

8 Is there a girl with a pink school bag?

9 Are there children who are happy?

10 Are there children who look the same?

13
 3
3 LIVING THINGS AND ECOSYSTEMS
1 Write T (true) or F (false). If false, cross out the incorrect
words and write the correct ones.

a Organs are the building blocks of life. F Cells

b Unicellular organisms have many cells.

c Bones are tissues.

d An organ is made up of different systems.

e Minerals are living things.

f The heart and the stomach are organs.

g Muscles are made up of millions of cells working together.

2 Complete the sentences using the words in the box.

energy    asexually    sense    environment    sexually    decomposers

a Organisms transform nutrients into .

b Dead plants and animals are food for .

c When organisms divide their cells, they reproduce .

d Plants can react to the by moving towards the light.

e Elephants and people reproduce .

f Living things the changes around them.

3 Write the life function each photo shows.

a b c

14
4 Match the definitions to the organisms.

1
1 I belong to the monera kingdom.

I can be multicellular and a decomposer.

2
I belong to the protist kingdom.

I am multicellular and feed on other living things.

3
I belong to the fungus kingdom.

I can be unicellular and make food.

4
I belong to the animal kingdom.

I am multicellular and I make food.

5
I belong to the plant kingdom.

I am unicellular and live inside other living things.

15
 3

5 Look and read. Write yes or no. There is one example.

a Trees are an example of flora. yes

b There is only one primary consumer.

c The rocks are physical components of this ecosystem.

d The mushrooms will eat the insect.

e The Sun is a living thing.

f The fox, the rabbit and the bird form a population.

g Plants need sunlight to survive.

h The snail is a secondary consumer.

i The river is a physical component of the ecosystem.

j The bird flying is a herbivore.

16
6 Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
There is one extra word.

food chain   cooperation   consumers   food web   competition   producers

a An ecosystem usually has more than one food chain , which are

interconnected to make up a .

b occurs when organisms of the same species work together.

c The Sun provides the energy that need to make their own food.

d There is when living organisms fight for the same thing.

7 Write the name of the ecosystem. Write about their physical

characteristics and which animals and plants are found in them.

a
coniferous forest: They include evergreen trees, such as fir

trees, which have leaves all year round. They exist in cold

areas. They are home to wolves, bears and deer.

17
 3

Discover

Endangered species
1 Investigate three different endangered species.

1 Use the internet or reference books to research

different endangered species.
2 Remember to look for information about

organisations which try to protect them.
3 Complete the case studies below.

endangered species cheetah

ecosystem they live in

why they are

endangered

organisations that
protect them

endangered species

ecosystem they live in

why they are

endangered

organisations that
protect them

18
Skills check
1 Read about freshwater ecosystems. Choose the right
words and write them on the lines.

Freshwater ecosystems include rivers, streams,

lakes, ponds and wetlands. They are different

1 from marine ecosystems

2 contain salt water,

such as in oceans and seas.

Rivers and streams are home to

3 animals such as fish,

crocodiles, turtles and frogs.

Ponds and lakes are 4 ecosystems. They are habitats

to animals 5 fish, frogs and ducks. The main difference

between these ecosystems is that ponds are smaller and do not have

6 waves.

A wetland is an area where fresh water 7 the soil.

Sometimes the soil is covered with water all year 8 .

Wetlands are home to a rich diversity of birds.

1 in from with 5 such how like

2 which who when 6 some any no

3 much many lots 7 covers cover covered

4 similar similarly same 8 entire round around

19
4
4 PLANTS AND ANIMALS
1 Match to make true sentences.

Trees have thin, soft and flexible stems.

Bushes have low branches.

Grasses can be deciduous or evergreen.

2 Circle the correct words.

a Flowering plants use seeds / spores to reproduce.

b Gymnosperms develop seeds inside fruit / cones.

c Mosses have / do not have proper roots and stems.

d Cherry trees and wheat are examples of gymnosperms /

angiosperms.
e Mosses and ferns are flowering / non-flowering plants.

3 Label the picture. Put the letters in the correct boxes.

a ovule   b stamen   c pollen   d stigma   e petal   f sepal   g ovary

20
4 Put the sentences about the life cycle of an angiosperm in order.

a The fruit falls, opens and releases the seeds.

b A seed develops inside the ovary.

c The seeds can germinate and new plants grow.

d Pollen goes into the stigma down to the ovary. 1

e The ovary grows into a fruit with seeds and the petals fall off.

5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

chlorophyll  elaborated  raw   water  leaves  carbon dioxide  minerals  oxygen  stem

a The roots absorb and

from the soil. This is called sap.

b The roots transport it up the .

of the plant to the .

c Here, collects solar energy.

The leaves also absorb from the

air to produce sap. The plant

releases into the air.

6 Read the sentences. Tick ( ) the plant processes

they refer to.
respiration photosynthesis

This happens during the day and

1
at night.
2 This releases carbon dioxide into
the air.
3 This happens only during the day.

4 This is a process all plants perform.

5 This is when a plant absorbs oxygen.

21
4

7 Complete the table with the names of the correct

animal groups.

vertebrates invertebrates

8 Read the sentences about vertebrates. Write T (true)

or F (false). Correct the false sentences.

a Mammals have feathers or thick skin to stay warm. F

Mammals have fur or thick skin to stay warm.

b Reptiles breathe with their lungs.

c All birds are omnivores.

d Fish are covered in moist skin to protect their bodies.

9 Complete the sentences.

a Baby amphibians breathe with and adults breathe through their

or lungs.

b Most reptiles are and eat small animals. They have

to protect their bodies.

22
190 Find and write seven words related to birds.

Y V V E C X N E S T D I a

L J M N P I W I N G S S b

Y Y Y V N I W P S J H J c

N L X D T N R F T Z O S d
N U Z N O C H R E D F R
e
A N Y Y K U P E J P E Z
f
J G A A Y B R F Y U A K
g
H S E U T A E F K O T I

I B L Q C T Z Z L W H A

N H N N N E H S W Y E W

D O V I P A R O U S R K

U E L H O I B C X E S B

191 Complete the sentences.

spiky molluscs arachnid predators thread arthropods

bivalve halves echinoderms legs sea urchin shell

a b c

This is a . It This is a . It This is an . It

has a divided has a body to has eight . It

into . It protect it from can produce sticky

belongs to the . It belongs to . It belongs to

group. the group. the group.

23
4

Discover

Plant a seed!
1 Keep track of how a plant grows from a seed.

1
Take a seed. You can use a lentil or a bean.
2
Take an empty yoghurt pot and some cotton.
3 Put the cotton on the bottom of the pot and add a

little water to it. Put the seed between the cotton.
Put the pot in a sunny place.
4 Watch as the seed changes and grows! Write what

you see for each day. Then draw a picture.

day 3 day 6 day 9

day 12 day 15 day 18

24
Skills check
1 Look at the photos of the animals. Answer the
questions with complete sentences.

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

1 Can it swim? Yes, it can. 5 Can it open its shell?

Can it fly? Can it walk?

2 Can it live on land? 6 Can it live on land?

Can it walk? Can it fly?

3 Can it make thread? 7 Can it move?

Can it walk? Can it live in water?

4 Can it breathe with lungs? 8 Can it paralyse its prey?

Can it swim? Can it live on land?

25
 5
5 UNIT 5 MATTER AND ENERGY
1 Name the three states of matter and give an example
of each.

matter

state

vapour rain ice cube

example

2 Write mass or volume.

a The amount of space matter occupies.

b You can measure it in grams.

c The amount of matter an object contains.

d You can measure it with a scale or balance.

e You can measure it in millilitres.

f You can measure it with a measuring cup.

3 Compare the density of these objects. Circle the correct words.

a b

high / low density high / low density

4 Use the words from activity 3 to complete the sentences.

a Objects with density float.

b Objects with density sink.

26
5 Use the words in the box to label the photos. There are
two extra words.

wool  plasticine  paper  marble  silk  cork  plastic  steel

a b c

d e f

6 Complete the crossword about material properties.

1 1 A material can transfer

heat easily or not.
c 2
o 2 A material can break
easily or not.
n
3 A material can be hard or
4 d
soft.
3 u
4 A material can dissolve in
c 6 liquid or stay the same.
5 t 5 A material can stretch and
i return to its original shape
or not.
v
6 A material can reflect and
i
absorb different light.
t
y

27
 5

7 Circle the correct option for each sentence.

1 When water is heated, it becomes ...

a ice. b water vapour.

2 When water vapour is cooled, it becomes ...

a water. b ice.

3 When ice is heated, it becomes ...

a water vapour. b water.

4 When water is cooled, it becomes ...

a ice. b water.

8 Write the correct change of state.

a b c d

9 Complete the text about the types of mixtures.

a In a mixture, the elements are visible and they are easy to separate.

b In a mixture, you cannot see the different elements and it is not

always possible to separate them.

10 Cross out the mistakes in each sentence. Write the correct words.
a Renewable energy sources are unlimited. limited

b Non-renewable energy sources are less harmful for the environment.

c Water is a non-renewable energy source.

d Wind turbines convert moving water into electricity.

28
11 Match to make true sentences.

Mechanical energy is the fastest form of energy.

Sound energy is stored in petrol and batteries.

Chemical energy is produced by movement.

Thermal energy can transform into sound or light.

Light energy is produced by vibrations.

Electrical energy is provided by fire.

12 Look at the images and write reflection or refraction.

Then, explain what happens to light in each case.

a b

13 Complete the sentences about heat with the words in the box.

temperature    insulators    conductors    particles

a Matter is made up of which move constantly.

b Thermal transfer heat well.

c Changes in can make some materials expand.

d Thermal do not conduct heat well.

29
 5

Discover

Soluble solids
1 You are going to investigate the solubility of different
solids.

1 You need four different solids: sugar, salt, cereal and

ground coffee. You also need four glasses of cold
water and four glasses of hot water.
2 Add two spoonfuls of each solid in each glass of cold

water. Stir with a spoon and wait for five minutes.
Observe which solids are soluble. Write down your
findings in the chart below.
3 Do the same with four glasses of hot water. Do hot

and cold water dissolve solids at the same pace? Why
do you think this happens?

cold water

sugar salt cereal ground coffee

hot water

sugar salt cereal ground coffee

30
Skills check
1 Read the text. Complete the sentences with the correct words.

Eight things you can do to help the environment

1 Do not throw waste in the oceans because marine animals can eat it.
2 Avoid harmful energy sources because they release toxic gases and smoke

the air.
3 Use more eco-friendly transport to prevent acid rain from taking
nutrients from the soil.
4 Use better energy sources so nuclear power plants do not dispose of their waste

rivers.

5 Make sure to reduce, reuse and recycle so natural resources do not run .

6 Make sure to always turn the lights to save energy.

7 Remember to recycle and throw rubbish properly.

8 When you see litter, make sure to pick it and put it in the bin.

1 for on in

2 out of into up to

3 up to away

4 at in on

5 in out up

6 on off out

7 away down into

8 out away up

31
66 MACHINES AND FORCES
1 Cross out the mistakes in each sentence. Write
the correct words.

a You cannot see forces and you cannot feel their effects. can

b Gravity is a contact force.

c Magnetism attracts objects to the centre of the Earth.

d All magnets have west and east poles.

e Two of the same poles attract each other.

2 Look at the photos. Write friction or buoyancy.

a b c

3 Write if these forces create a permanent change,

a temporary change or a change in position.

a kicking a ball

b stretching a rubber band

c breaking an egg

4 Look at the photos. Write the simple machine.

a b c

32
5 Do the crossword.

2 3 7 1 If a task is dificult, a machine can

make it this.
1 e a s i e r
2 When you move an object, the force
you apply is called this.
3 This is a type of machine which has
few or no moving parts.
4
4 The energy simple machines need
usually comes from this source.

5 5 Machines need this in order to

function.
6 When you apply force to an object,
the object is called this.
7 This type of machine is made up
6
of a rope and wheels.

6 Match to make true sentences about simple machines.

You can use an inclined plane the centre of a wheel.

The round shape of the wheel two inclined planes together.

The axle is in to move objects from one level to another.

You can use a wedge reduces the amount of friction.

A wedge is made up of to tighten or join objects together.

You can use a screw to cut or to hold objects in place.

33
6

7 Label the parts of the levers in the pictures. Then give

two examples of each.

class 1 lever a

1 b
c
c

a b examples:

class 2 lever a

2 b c b

c
a
examples:

class 3 lever a

3 b
c
c
a
examples: a hockey stick and ...
b

8 Identify the types of machines according to their

functions.

a b c

34
9 Label the photo with the words in the box.

gears  handlebar  wheel  frame  brakes  pedal

4
1

5
2

3
6

10 Cross out the incorrect word and write the correct one.

a Most simple machines require energy from oil. people

b Complex machines make work harder.

c Thermal machines apply force to another object to make it move.

d Mechanical machines can produce or remove heat.

e Information processing machines include heaters and phones.

f An engine converts energy into force.

11 Write the energy sources these machines use.

a b c d

35
6

Discover

Women in science
1 The International Day of Women and Girls in Science
is celebrated on 11 February. Investigate a woman who
made an important discovery or invention.

1 Find information about her discovery or invention and

about her life.
2 Stick a photo in the space below.

3 Complete the diagram with the information you find.

her invention or discovery

the machines used in the

her early life
discovery or invention

name

photo
an interesting fact

impact of the invention

or discovery today

36
Skills check
1 Read the information about a workshop at the local library.
Answer the questions below with complete sentences.

Are you interested in science?

If you are between 10 and 15 years old, you are invited
to come to our MATTER AND FORCES science workshop.
You will:

• learn about different types of materials.

• learn about low and high density.

• learn all about magnets.

• learn about thermal conductivity.

• have fun while doing experiments.

• have a great afternoon!

Local library
Sunday, 24 February
14.00-16.00
5€

1 Where is the workshop? It is at the

2 When is it?

3 How long does it last?

4 How much does it cost?

5 What is the event called?

6 How old must you be to attend?

37
 GLOSSARY
English Your language English Your language

UNIT 1 Inside your body UNIT 2 Healthy living

alveoli (n) bone (n)

bladder (n) brain (n)

blood (n) cerebellum (n)

blood vessel (n) cerebrum (n)

check-up (n)

bronchi (n) dairy product (n)

capillaries (n)

carbon dioxide (n) empathy (n)

fibre (n)

fallopian tube (n) healthy (adj)

hearing (n)

germ (n) iron (n)

kidney (n) muscle (n)

lung (n) obesity (n)

nutrition (n) oil (n)

oesophagus (n) posture (n)

ovary (n) poultry (n)

pore (n) protein (n)

scrotum (n) pulses (n)

stomach (n) seed (n)

sweat (n) sight (n)

trachea (n) spinal cord (n)

uterus (n)

vein (n) vitamin (n)

38
English Your language English Your language

UNIT 3 L
 iving things UNIT 4 Plants and animals
and ecosystems
cell (n) amphibian (n)

competition (n) angiosperm (n)

consumer (n) bush (n)

cooperation (n) develop (v)

decomposer (n) feather (n)

ecosystem (n) grass (n)

flora (n) grow (v)

food chain (n) gymnosperm (n)

mammal (n)

food web (n) mollusc (n)

omnivore (n)

kingdom (n) petal (n)

living thing (n) pollen (n)

reptile (n)

multicellular (n) root (n)

organism (n) sea urchin (n)

predator (n)

producer (n) sepal (n)

protist (n) spore (n)

secondary (adj) stamen (n)

sunlight (n) starfish (n)

survive (n) stem (n)

thread (n) stigma (n)

39
 GLOSSARY
English Your language English Your language

UNIT 5 Matter and energy UNIT 6 Machines and forces

balance (n) axle (n)

break (v) brake (n)

cork (n) buoyancy (n)

density (n) engine (n)

elasticity (n) force (n)

electrical (adj) friction (n)

element (n) function (v)

energy (n) gear (n)

float (v) gravity (n)

hard (adj) handlebar (n)

insulator (n) inclined plane (n)

light (n)

mass (n) lever (n)

matter (n) machine (n)

millilitre (n) magnet (n)

mixture (n) magnetism (n)

reflection (n) pedal (n)

refraction (n) pole (n)

renewable (adj) rope (n)

silk (n) screw (n)

sink (v) stretch (v)

solubility (n) tighten (v)

thermal (adj) wedge (n)

volume (n) wheel (n)

40