1. Which of the following is the function of the respiratory
Heart - Pumps blood delivering it to the other parts of
system?
a. send signals to the spinal cord and instruct
other organs what to do.
b. take waste products and bring them out of the
body.
c. to allow the exchange of gases to provide
parts of the body with oxygen.
d. to take in glucose and transform it into energy.
2. What are the parts of the respiratory system?
a. lungs, air sac, ribs, liver
b. lungs, trachea, larynx, pharynx, bronchi,
bronchioles, alveoli, nasal cavity
c. lungs, trachea, larynx, pharynx, bronchi,
bronchioles, alveoli, nasal cavity, heart
d. throat, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli, stomach,
ribs
3. What is the flow of air during inhalation?
a. lungs, mouth
b. mouth, lungs, respiratory tubes
c. mouth, respiratory tubes, lungs
d. mouth, respiratory tubes, stomach, lungs
4. Where is the site of gas exchange and what material
diffuses in and out of the blood?
a. alveoli, O2 and CO2
b. diaphragm, O2, and CO2
c. lungs, Alveoli, O2, and glucose
d. lungs, Alveoli, O2 and N2
5. What organ filters out air?
a. Cilia
b. lungs
c. nostrils
d. trachea
6. What do you call the flap that covers the passageway for
air when eating or drinking?
a. bronchi
b. epiglottis
c. larynx
d. pharynx
7. What do you call the voice box which enables a person to
produce sounds and speak?
a. alveoli
b. bronchi
c. larynx
d. pharynx
8. Where is the first entry of air during inhalation?
a. bronchioles
b. mouth
c. nostrils
d. trachea
9. What will happen if the respiratory and digestive tracts
are completely separate in humans?
a. it is impossible to breathe
b. it will be harder to swallow the food
c. there would be no need for an epiglottis
d. trachea is not necessary anymore.
10. Which of the following is anatomically incorrect?
a. The lungs contain many alveoli.
b. The nasal and oral cavities are connected to the
larynx through the pharynx.
c. There are two nasal cavities in the nose.
d. The trachea enters the lungs.
1. Blood- The one that circulates, and delivers respiratory
gases to the heart and throughout the body
2. Oxygen -The one that is picked up by blood in the lungs
and circulate it throughout the body.
3. Carbon dioxide - The one that is picked up by blood in
the organs and deliver it back to the heart.
4.
the body
5. Organs - Receives oxygenated blood
6. Arteries - Carry blood away from the heart
7. Veins - Carry blood towards the heart
8. Capillaries - Smallest blood vessel where the exchange
of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
a. What is the pathway that the respiratory gases take during
(a) inhalation and (b) exhalation?
(a) inhalation - nostrils → pharynx → larynx → trachea
→ bronchi → bronchioles → lungs.
(b) exhalation - lungs → bronchioles → bronchi →
trachea → larynx → pharynx → nostrils
b. What mechanism induces the respiratory gases to exchange
in the alveoli of the lungs and the capillary beds in tissues?
Diffusion is the mechanism that induces gas exchange.
a. How are the circulatory and respiratory system related?
The respiratory system aids in taking in and out
respiratory gases. The blood, a part of the circulatory
system, is responsible for delivering these respiratory
gases throughout the body.
b. How can you identify the individual’s total lung capacity?
Total lung capacity can be calculated by adding the
residual volume to the individual’s vital capacity.
What is the flow of blood (a) from the body to the lungs and
(b) from the lungs to the other parts of the body?
(a) vena cava → right atrium →tricuspid valve → right
ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery → lungs
(b) pulmonary vein → left atrium → bicuspid valve → left
ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → all parts of the body.
a. Identify the part of the circulatory system that is being
described in each item.
1. The biggest artery. aorta
2. The vein that carries oxygenated blood towards the
heart. Pulmonary vein
3. The artery that carries deoxygenated blood towards
the heart. Pulmonary artery.
4. The smallest blood vessel. Capillaries
5. The heart's chamber that receives oxygenated blood.
left atrium
6. The chamber of the heart that receives
deoxygenated blood. Right atrium
7. A blood vessel where deoxygenated blood from the
body flow. vein
8. The chamber with a thicker muscle. Left ventricle
9. The heart's chamber above the ventricle. atrium
10. The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Mitral valve
Parts of the circulatory System
1. Vena cava-The largest vein which carries deoxygenated
blood to the heart
2. Aorta- It is the biggest artery that supplies oxygenated
blood throughout the body.
3. Pulmonary Artery- The blood vessel where
deoxygenated blood flows from the heart to the lungs.
4. Pulmonary Vein- The blood vessel where oxygenated
blood flows from the lungs to the heart.
5. Right Atrium- The chamber of the heart where the
deoxygenated blood enters first.
6. Right Ventricle- It pumps blood from the heart to the
lungs.
7. Left Atrium- The chamber of the heart where the
oxygenated blood enters first
 8. Left Ventricle- The thickest chamber of the heart.
a. Identify what is being described in each item.
1. The liquid component of blood. plasma
2. These are secreted by the hormonal organs into the blood
which mixes directly to the plasma. hormones
3. These are round and flat cells with an indention in the
center like doughnuts without a hole. Red blood cells
4. This atom is the one that binds to the gas molecules.
Iron atom
5. It refers to hemoglobin loaded with oxygen.
oxyhemoglobin
6. It is the form of hemoglobin without oxygen that is
purple to bluish. deoxyhemoglobin
Instruction: Write true if the statement is correct and false if
incorrect.
1. Red blood cells contain a nucleus. false
2. The red blood cells can carry respiratory gases through
its hemoglobin. true
3. Bone marrow is the site of red blood cell production.
true
4. Deoxyhemoglobin is the form of hemoglobin loaded with
oxygen. false
5. The white blood cells are more numerous than red blood
cells. false
6. Hemoglobin consists of four globin chains. true
7. The size of the red blood cells is bigger than white blood
cells. false
8. Substances such as hormones are directly transported via
the fluid part of the blood called plasma. true
9. Oxyhemoglobin is characterized by a purple to a bluish
color. false
10. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein present in the
red blood cells. True
a. Write true if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write false.
1. Consult a doctor only when there is a pain in the body.
False
2. Second-hand smoking is safer than first-hand smoking.
false
3. Smoking does not affect the heart and lungs. false
4. Cholesterol in the body is useful when it is controlled.
true
5. Obesity can cause problems in the circulatory system.
true
6. Eating a well-balanced meal can both be beneficial for
both the circulatory and respiratory systems. true
7. The digestive system is connected to both circulatory and
respiratory systems. true
8. Avoiding voluminous alcohol intake will have little
effect on our health. false
9. Individuals who have the right body index can splurge on
any food. false
10. Giving up vices and lifestyle change can help us maintain
a healthy body. true
a. Identify the term being described in each item.
1. It is also known as the non-coding region of the gene.
Intron
2. It is the physical feature of an individual. Phenotype
3. It regulates the physical manifestations of a trait.
Genotype
4. It is known as the genetic material. DNA
5. It is a part of a gene that codes for important proteins.
Exon
1. Which of the following is made up of coiled chromatin
fibers?
a. Chromosome b. DNA c. genes d. nucleosome
2. Which of the following is not a component of the
DNA?
a. nitrogenous base b. nucleotide c. protein d. sugar
3. Which of the following refers to the coding region of the
genes?
a. enhancer region b. exon c. intron d. promoting
region
4. Which of the following refers to the non-coding region of
the genes?
a. enhancer region b. exon c. intron d. promoting
region
5. Which of the following allows the activation of the genes
to encode for protein?
a. enhancer region b. exon c. intron d. promoting
region
6. Which of the following is made up of DNA strand and
histone proteins?
a. chromatic fiber b. chromosome c. genes d.
nucleosome
7. In eukaryotes, the DNA is located in what region?
a. cell membrane b. cytoplasm c. mitochondria d.
nucleus
8. In prokaryotes, the DNA is located in what region?
a. cell membrane b. cytoplasm c. mitochondria d.
nucleus
9. Which of the following refers to the observable traits of
an individual?
a. DNA b. genes c. genotype d. phenotype
10. Which of the following refers to the specific genetic
element that regulates trait variation?
a. DNA b. genes c. genotype d. phenotype
Gregor Johann Mendel, the Father of Genetics, was an Austrian
monk.
Influenced by his great love for science and works of previous
scientists like Charles Darwin (Origin of Species), he started with
his pea plant experiment.
1. Parental generation (P generation) – the initial
generation.
2. First filial generation (F1 generation) – the first set of
offsprings from parent generation. The F1 generation can
reproduce to make the F2 generation and so on.
3. Pure-bred plants - these refer to plants that “always”
produce an offspring with identical trait as the parent for
many generations. For example, a parent plant with a tall
trait crossed by a plant with the same trait will produce a
100% offspring with the tall trait.
4. Self-fertilization – some plants can fertilize by
themselves. It is possible because some plants such as
pea
Law of dominance- Mendel’s law of dominance relies on the
concept of dominant and recessive traits.
Law of segregation- The law of segregation states that all the
genes for all the traits of an offspring are equally distributed or
segregated in all the resulting gametes after meiosis.
Law of independent Assortment- The law of independent
assortment explains that genes responsible for the expression of
different traits are sorted independently from each other.
1. Which law explains the presence of dominant and
recessive traits among organisms?
a. dominance b. genetic inheritance
c. independent assortment d. segregation
2. Which law explains the segregation of the allele from
parents to offspring?
a. dominance b. genetic inheritance
c. independent assortment d. segregation
 3. Which law explains the random recombination of alleles a. allele b. chromatin c. DNA d. nucleosome
from the parents? 5. Which of the following refers to the transmission of traits
a. dominance b. genetic inheritance from parents to offsprings?
c. independent assortment d. segregation a. DNA b. genes c. genetics d. inheritance
4. Which of the following organism was used by 6. Which of the following is an example of incomplete
Mendel in his experiments? dominance inheritance?
a. Arabidopsis b. Mango c. Pea plant d. Zebrafish a. ABO blood type b. color blindness
5. Which term refers to the transmission of traits from c. feather color d. petal color
parents to offsprings? 7. Which of the following is an example of codominance
a. DNA b. genes c. genetics d. inheritance inheritance?
6. Which process allows the horizontal transfer of a. ABO blood type b. color blindness
DNA from one cell to another? c. feather color d. petal color
a. cell respiration b. mitosis 8. Which of the following is an example of sex-linked
c. photosynthesis d. transpiration inheritance?
7. Which process allows the transfer of materials from the a. ABO blood type b. color blindness
parents to the offspring? c. feather color d. petal color
a. cell respiration b. meiosis c. mitosis d. 9. Which of the following is an example of multiple allele
transpiration inheritance?
8. Which of the following refers to the copy of genes for a a. ABO blood type b. color blindness
specific trait? c. feather color d. petal color
a. alleles b. chromatin c. chromosome d. DNA 10. Which of the following is not considered as non-
9. Which of the following refers to the tangible trait in an Mendelian genetics?
organism? a. codominance b. incomplete dominance
a. DNA b. genes c. genotype d. phenotype c. law of dominance d. sex-linked trait
10. Which of the following refers to the specific genetic
element that regulates trait variation? Species Richness- Species richness refers to the number of species
a. DNA b. genes c. genotype d. phenotype found in an area.
Abundance- Species abundance is the number of members that a
A. Incomplete dominance - Incomplete dominance is a species has in an area.
pattern of inheritance characterized by the formation of a Endangered Species- Endangered species are organisms that are
trait that is in between the phenotypes of the parents. being threatened with destruction.
B. Codominance- Codominance is a non-Mendelian type of Biodiversity Hotspot- A biodiversity hotspot is an area with high
dominance where the alleles of a gene pair in a biodiversity that is at risk of being destroyed and the organisms
heterozygote are fully expressed. being affected.
C. Sex-linked traits- The X and Y not only carry the genes Endemic Species- Endemic species are organisms that are
that determine sex but also some other characteristics. exclusively found in one area.
Genes that go along with either sex chromosome are said
to be sex-linked. a. Identify the following terms based on the given information.
D. Multiple alleles- In some traits, a certain gene can have 1. Species which can only be found in a certain place is
more than a pair of alleles that controls the expression of called an_______________. endemic species
traits. 2. _______________ are those organisms whose number of
individuals in the natural environment is lower than
AB blood type Codominance usual, close to extinction. endangered species
Baldness Sex-linked trait 3. _______________ is the vanishing of a specific species
Chicken feather color Codominance on Earth. extinction
Flower petal color Incomplete dominance 4. _______________ pertains to the total number of
Hemophilia Sex-linked trait individuals of a species. abundance
Color blindness Sex-linked trait 5. _______________ is the number of individuals per
Hypertrichosis Sex-linked trait species relative to the area of a particular place. species
ABO blood type Multiple allele density
Horse height Codominance
Sickle cell Codominance Write true if the given statement is correct and write the correct
word in place of the underlined ones if the statement is false.
1. Which of the following explains the pattern of 1. There are about 14 000 – 15 310 plant species in the
inheritance characterized by the formation of a trait that Philippines. - true
is in between the phenotypes of the parents? 2. One of the most famous endemic species in the
a. codominance b. incomplete dominance Philippines, the Philippine tamaraw is found in
c. multiple alleles d. sex-linked trait Mindanao. – Mindoro
2. Which of the following non-Mendelian concept explains 3. Pithecophaga jefferyi, the Philippine eagle, can be found
a type of dominance where the alleles of a gene pair in a in Mindanao.
heterozygote are fully expressed? - true
a. codominance b. incomplete dominance 2. Three measures of diversity are richness, abundance, and
c. multiple alleles d. sex-linked trait species density. - true
3. Which of the following refers to genes that go along with 3. Species density is equal to the total number of
either sex chromosome? individuals per species.
a. codominance b. incomplete dominance - abundance
c. multiple alleles d. sex-linked trait 4. Abundance is computed by counting the total number of
4. Which of the following refers to a variant copy of a individuals per species and dividing it by the total unit
specific gene? area. - species density
 5. The endemic species Sundasciurus samarensis is found in
Mindoro. Samar
6. Abundance and species density are used to express the
richness of different life forms in an area. - true
9. Diversity can be characterized by total abundance and
species density. - true
10. Endemic species are species found in several countries. -
only one Country
Identify what is asked in each item.
1. A species only found in a certain place. Endemic species
2. The Philippines is named like this in 2000 because of its
biodiversity. Biodiversity hotspot
3. Philippine waters are a center of this type of biodiversity.
Marine
4. These are organisms with numbers in the environment
that are lower than usual. Endangered species
5. This refers to the disappearance of a species on Earth.
Extinction
6. This refers to the number of a species in a given place.
Richness
7. This is the number of members of a species in a given
place. Abundance
8. This is the number of individuals per species relative to
the area of a certain place. Density
9. This refers to a pattern of distribution that is clumped.
Aggregation
10. Give an example of an endemic Philippine species.
Philippine eagle, tamaraw, many species of orchids,
etc
Identify the cause of possible extinction in the following scenarios.
1. Deforestation due to logging and mining activities
greatly affects the biodiversity of flora and fauna. -
habitat degradation
1. Fire ants have affected native communities with burning
stings and live in the soil. - introduction of invasive
species
2. Melted ice in the poles results in changes in sea levels
and consequently affects incompatible habitats of
organisms resulting in extinction. -
climate change or environmental phenomena
4. Large numbers of mice feeding on albatrosses, petrels,
and shearwaters. – predation
5. Chytrid, a toxic fungus decreased amphibian species for
many years and left some already close to extinction. -
diseases
6. Several American crows died because of encephalitis. -
diseases
7. About 6 million North American bats died due to the
white-nose syndrome caused by a fungus. - diseases
8. Pollution poses several critical threats to birds,
amphibians, and mammals. - habitat degradation
9. Environmental pollutants due to human activities leading
to the extinction of some plant species in Mindoro. -
habitat degradation
10. Adverse geographical conditions resulted in the
extinction of the stegodon in the Philippines.
environmental phenomena
Instruction: Identify what is being described by each statement.
1. These are examples of environmental phenomena that
can cause extinction. Disasters
2. This refers to an animal eating another animal.
Predation
3. This refers to an organism trying to obtain resources at
the expense of another organism. Competition
4. This is the snake that was introduced into the island of
Guam, which led to the extinction of species. Brown
tree snake
5. These are the organisms that went extinct in #4. Birds
6. This disease is causing extinction in frog species
worldwide. Chytridiomycosis
7. These are examples of causes of habitat destruction.
Overpopulation, deforestation, pollution, etc.
8. This refers to unpredictable and rapid changes in
environmental conditions and climate. Climate change
9. These are species that are not normally found in an area,
but have thrived there because they were introduced by
humans. Invasive species
10. This is what Republic Act 9147 is known as.
Conservation and Protection of Wildlife
Resources and Their Habitats Act
Instructions: Identify what can possibly cause extinction in these
situations:
1. A snake being introduced into an area. Invasive species
2. Humans are cutting down trees at a very fast rate.
Habitat destruction
3. Deforestation. Habitat destruction
4. A factory is built beside a river. Pollution
5. More lions migrate into an area. Predation or
competition
6. Two organisms are competing for water. Competition
7. A species of insect is brought by humans into a forest.
Invasive species
8. A species of fish escaped an aquarium and reproduced in
a river. Invasive species
9. A new parasite became prevalent. Disease
10. A virus spread into an area. Disease
Instruction: Answer the following questions.
1. How does extinction impact the environment?
The removal of a species, especially an important one,
can lead to ecological imbalance.
1. How can you help prevent the extinction of Philippine
species?
Reducing the amount of wastes we produce,
informing people on the impact of humans,
conserving resources, and more.
2. What are helpful ways of conservation to prevent
extinction?
Information and education, the use of
environmentally-friendly products, reducing wastes,
and more.
3. Why should the environment be cared for to prevent
extinction?
Maintaining good environmental conditions can also
help organisms to survive, which can lower chances of
extinction caused by humans.