Emotional Damage Among Teens

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 Emotional Damage Among Teens

Literature Review

Research in the area of psychology has over the past increasingly looked at the way that

the personality traits of the big five are related to the rising use of social media. Scientists who

conducted studies on Facebook by examining on basis of demography, self-presentation, and the

way people socialize (Wilson, Gosling & Graham, 2012) showed that indeed the use of social

media does have an impact on personality. The use of social media platforms for example

Facebook is mainly motivated by two factors, the need for belonging and self-preservation

(Nadkarni & Hofmann’s, 2012).

Definition of key terms

The big five personality traits are conscientiousness, extraversion, openness,

agreeableness, and neuroticism (Ozguven, N., & Mucan, B., 2013) are defined below.

Conscientiousness. Someone can be said to be conscientious if in the pursuit of their goal

one exercises high levels of discipline and Self-control

Extraversion. Extraversion is mostly associated with traits such as being talkative, very

energetic, outgoing, and assertive therefore if a person portrays these traits they can be said to be

extroverted.

Agreeableness. This is the tendency of a person to place the needs of others above their

own needs. An agreeable person naturally feels empathy for others and will find pleasure in

serving others (Farhadi, H. et al., 2012)

 Openness. People with this trait are usually more willing to embrace new ideas from all

sorts of people. Open-minded people are very curious and pursue new and creative adventures.

Neuroticism. Neuroticism is a personality trait that a person exhibits negative feelings

such as moodiness and sadness.

While the existing evidence suggests that indeed social media does have an influence on

personality most of these studies are broad do target a particular group of people and tend to

focus on areas like the impacts of social media culture on communication ( Apriyanto, S., &

Nurhayaty, A., 2019). Impact of social media on particular key groups that are affected the most

has not been adequately researched. Therefore the current study investigated how dimensions of

personality are related to the use of social media by undergraduate students which will fill the

research gap by providing information on how the frequent use of social media contributes to

personality.

The research questions we addressed in this research were. How extraversion relates to

social media use in undergraduate students? And how agreeableness relates to social media use

in undergraduate students? For these two questions, the following hypothesis has generated both

extraversion and agreeableness related to the use of social media (Seidman, G., 2013).

Method

Research Design

The method of study used is an observational study, observational study is a method of

study employed by researchers where they refrain from manipulating the variable and instead

just observe and conduct analysis using statistical methods (Alpi, K. M., & Evans, J. J., 2019).

The independent variables in this care are the personality traits of the big five. The dependent
factor is social media use by undergraduate students. This is because the use of social media

depends on personality traits.

Participants

The sample of people who participated in this research included a total number of one

hundred and thirty-one participants with their ranging from a minimum of sixteen years to forty-

nine years. The population had a mean of twenty-point six two years and a standard deviation of

five point three nine years. Females made up seventy-nine percent of the population which was

one hundred three and twenty-eight males made up twenty-one percent of the population. Seven

students were psychology students, seven were law and business students, seventeen were

Biomed students, fourteen were social science students and 17 were health students.

Materials

Twenty-four-Item Five scale

The 24-Item Big Five scale (John & Soto, 2015) is a scale that is carefully designed to

quantify the big five personality traits which are openness, agreeableness, neuroticism,

conscientiousness, and extraversion. To use this you ought to reverse the score of the negatively-

keyed items, for example, let’s say extraversion: 8, 14, and 24. For these to make sense you are

supposed to minus all reverse scored items from 8, therefore if you scored 7, then subtract the 7

from 8 and get 1. The next step would be creating scores by averaging the items in every b5

domain taking R as the reverse scored item. This scale was developed by John and Srivastava

back in 1999.
 Social Media Use Questionnaire

The social media use questionnaire (Xanidis & Brignell, 2015) is used to evaluate the use

of social media it includes a total of nine items that can be rated on a five-point Likert scale, that

starts from zero which represents never and on the other side five which represents always. This

scale was used was put to use when evaluating how much people preferred escaping the real

world using social media, it consisted of four items ranging from one that represented strongly

disagree to four that represented strongly disagree (Gao et al., 2017). This scale was developed

by Xanidis and Brignell.

Procedure

The customers experienced a bond of trust and confidentiality of the information that

they offered for the purpose of this research and due to this, they were highly motivated to help

provide information that was very vital for this research. Participant experience could also be

based on the feeling of equality, and equal treatment to all the participants contributed a lot to

their willingness to participate in the research. The question in the survey was presented in the

following order. Are you someone who:-

 Tends to be quiet?

 Tends to be organized?

 Worries a lot?

 Tends to feel blue, or depressed?

 Feels secure and comfortable with yourself?

 References

Apriyanto, S., & Nurhayaty, A. (2019). Born In Social Media Culture: Personality Features
Impact In Communication Context. Proceeding of The 2nd ICoLLiT (International
Conference on Language, Literature and Teaching) 2019.
Alpi, K. M., & Evans, J. J. (2019). Distinguishing case study as a research method from case
reports as a publication type. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 107(1),
1.
Farhadi, H., Fatimah, O., Nasir, R., & Shahrazad, W. W. (2012). Agreeableness and
conscientiousness as antecedents of deviant behavior in workplace. Asian Social
Science, 8(9), 2.
Gao, T., Xiang, Y. T., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., & Mei, S. (2017). Neuroticism and quality of life:
Multiple mediating effects of smartphone addiction and depression. Psychiatry
Research, 258, 457-461.
Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Why do people use Facebook?. Personality and
individual differences, 52(3), 243-249.
Namey, E., Guest, G., O’Regan, A., Godwin, C. L., Taylor, J., & Martinez, A. (2021). How does
qualitative data collection modality affect disclosure of sensitive information and
participant experience? Findings from a quasi-experimental study. Quality & Quantity, 1-
20.
Özgüven, Nihan, and Burcu Mucan. "The relationship between personality traits and social
media use." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 41, no. 3 (2013):
517-528.
Rentzsch, K., Erz, E., & Schütz, A. (2021). Development of short and ultra-short forms of the
Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale: Relations to the Big Five, narcissism, and academic
achievement in adults and adolescents. European Journal of Psychological Assessment.
Seidman, G. (2013). Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences
social media use and motivations. Personality and individual differences, 54(3), 402-407.
Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2017). The next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2): Developing and
assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and
predictive power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113, 117-143.
Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A review of Facebook research in the
social sciences. Perspectives on psychological science, 7(3), 203-220.
Xanidis, N., & Brignell, C. M. (2016). The association between the use of social network sites,
sleep quality and cognitive function during the day. Computers in human behavior, 55,