Electr Eng
DOI 10.1007/s00202-016-0359-4
ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparison between star winding and open-end winding
induction machines
Sami Guizani1 · Abdelmonoem Nayli2 ·
Faouzi Ben Ammar3
Received: 3 May 2014 / Accepted: 3 February 2016
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Abstract In this paper, the authors propose the math-
ematical model in Park reference frame of squirrel cage
induction machine with dual open-end windings. A compar-
ison between open-end stator winding induction machines
and star winding induction machines is presented. In this
comparison, the authors take into consideration the power
segmentation, redundancy degrees in degraded mode, the
THD current and the torque undulation.
Keywords Dual open-end winding induction machine ·
Double star induction machine · 2-Level inverter · Power
segmentation · Torque undulation · THD current
1 Introduction
Reliability and availability has become increasingly a priority
in the industrial drive systems such as railway applications,
aeronautics, electrical propulsion of ships and electrical vehi-
cle systems, etc., [1] and [2].
These drive systems are primarily based on the induction
machines associated with the 2-level inverters, but this asso-
ciation is not without disadvantage. Indeed, high constraints
B Sami Guizani
guizani_sami@yahoo.fr
Abdelmonoem Nayli
n.ayli@hotmail.fr
Faouzi Ben Ammar
Faouzi.Benamar@insat.rnu.tn
1 MMA Laboratory, IPEIEM, University of El Manar,
Tunis, Tunisia
2 MMA Laboratory, INSAT, ESSTT, University of Tunis,
Tunis, Tunisia
3 MMA Laboratory, INSAT, University of Carthage,
Tunis, Tunisia
appear on the power electronic components and the insula-
tion of stator winding induction machines system.
The power segmentation is now good solution to improve
the availability of the association inverter induction machine.
Several researches have been developed in the induction
machines:
– The multi-phase induction machine [3–5].
– The multi-star induction machine [6–8].
– The open-end winding induction machine (OEWIM) [9–
14].
– The dual open-end induction machine (DOEWIM) [15,
16].
The objective of this paper is a comparison between star
winding induction machines (Fig. 1a, c) and open-end three-
phase stator winding induction machines (Fig. 1b, d).
In this paper, the authors present four parts:
In the first part, the modeling of the dual open-end winding
induction machine is successively presented in Clark (α, β)
and Park (d, q) reference frames.
The second part is devoted to the simulation model of the
machine for voltage supply. The model will be validated in
Matlab/Simulink environment.
In the third part, the THD analysis of the stator current
and torque undulation while making a comparison with the
induction machine structures are presented.
Finally, a comparison between the different structures
using the power segmentation and the operation in degraded
mode is presented.
2 Modeling
In this paper, only mathematical modeling of the dual three-
phase open-end winding induction machine is proposed. The
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Fig. 1 Different induction Inverter A1 Inverter A1 Inverter A2

machine structures. a Induction
machine (IM). b Open-end
winding induction machine E
E
(OEWIM). c Double star E
induction machine (DSIM). d 2 2
Dual open-end winding
induction machine (DOEWIM) IM OEWIM
(a) (b)

Inverter A1 Inverter A1 Inverter A2

E E
E 2 2

Windings A

Windings B
Inverter B1 Double star Inverter B1 Inverter B2
IM
E E
E
2 2
Dual open-end
windings IM

(c) (d)
Fig. 2 Voltage supply dual Windings A
open-end winding induction

Windings B

Dual open-end
winding IM

VsA13 VsA12 VsA11 VsB13 VsB12 VsB11 VsB21 VsB22 VsB23 VsA21 VsA22 VsA23

Entry A1 Entry B1 Entry B2 Entry A2

 T
modeling of other induction machines are presented in the [r ] = r1 r2 r3 Rotor flux vector
literature.  T
[ISA ] = ISA1 ISA2 ISA3 Current vector of winding A
The supply of the machine is represented in Fig. 2.
 T
The variables of the machine are defined as: [ISB ] = ISB1 ISB2 ISB3 Current vector of winding B
 T
   T [Ir ] = Ir1 Ir2 Ir3 Rotor current vector
VSA1 = VSA11 VSA12 VSA13 Voltage vector A1
   T
VSA2 = VSA21 VSA22 VSA23 Voltage vector A2 The developed model is based on the following assump-
   T
VSB1 = VSB11 VSB12 VSB13 Voltage vector B1 tions:
   T
VSB2 = VSB21 VSB22 VSB23 Voltage vector B2 – The two windings are strictly the same and shifted with
 T ψ angle.
[SA ] = SA1 SA2 SA3 Flux vector of winding A
 T – The stator windings m.m.f is in sinusoidal space distrib-
[SB ] = SB1 SB2 SB3 Flux vector of winding B ution.

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The flux vector and the current vector are linked by the fol-
S S A
r lowing equation:
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
Vr [sA] [L sA ] [MsAsB (ψ)] [MsAr (θ )]
⎣ [sB] ⎦ = ⎣[MsAsB (ψ)]t [L sB ] [MsBr (ψ, θ )]⎦
Vs [r] [MsAr (θ )]t [MsBr (ψ, θ )]t [L r ]
⎡ ⎤
r [IsA ]
. ⎣ [IsB ] ⎦ (3)
Vs A S B [Ir ]
V
With:

B
[MsAsB (ψ)]
⎡
2π 
4π ⎤
S A
cos(ψ)

4π  cos 3 + ψ cos
2π 3 + ψ
= −2m ss . ⎣ cos
3 + ψ  cos(ψ)

 cos 3 + ψ
⎦ (4)
A cos 2π 3 +ψ cos 4π3 +ψ cos(ψ)
[MSAr (θ)]
Fig. 3 Representation of the DOEWIM in the reference frame (SαA , ⎡
2π 
4π ⎤
SβA ) and (SαB , SβB ) cos(θ)

4π  cos 3 − θ cos
2π 3 − θ
= m sr . ⎣ cos
3 − θ  cos(θ)

4π  cos 3 − θ
⎦ (5)
cos 2π 3 − θ cos 3 − θ cos(θ)
– We neglect the saturation of the magnetic circuit, the hys- [MsBr (ψ, θ)]
teresis and the eddy currents. ⎡

⎤

cos(θ −ψ)  cos 2π 3 −(θ −ψ) 3 −(θ −ψ)
cos
4π
– We neglect the skin effect that increases resistances and = m sr . ⎣ cos

3 −(θ −ψ)
4π

4π − ψ)  cos 3 −(θ −ψ)
cos(θ 2π ⎦
decreases inductances. cos 2π3 −(θ −ψ) cos 3 −(θ −ψ) cos(θ −ψ)
(6)
⎡ ⎤
L ra m rr m rr
The basic voltage and flux equations of dual winding stator [L r ] = ⎣ m rr L ra m rr ⎦ (7)
induction machine can be written in the following general m rr m rr L ra
⎡ ⎤
matrix form: L sa m ss m ss
[L sA ] = [L sB ] = m ss L sa m ss ⎦
⎣ (8)
m ss m ss L sa
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
[VSA ] [ISA ] [SA ]
d
⎣ [VSB ] ⎦ = [R  ] ⎣ [ISB ] ⎦ + ⎣ [SB ] ⎦ The Clark transformation [T32 ] allows to represent all the
(1)
dt three-phase variables in their respective orthogonal reference
[Vr] [Ir] [r ]
frame (SαA , SβA ), (SαB , SβB ) and (rα , rβ ), Fig. 3.
The system (SαB , SβB ) is shifted by an angle ψ relatively
With: to (SαA , SβA ).
The system (rα , rβ ) is shifted by an angle θ relatively to
  (SαA , SβA ).
[VSA ] = VSA1 − VSA2 The system (rα , rβ ) is shifted by an angle θ − ψ relatively
 
[VSB ] = VSB1 − VSB2 to (SαB , SβB ).
The relationship between fluxes, currents and voltages are
  described by the nonlinear equation system in the reference
R is a diagonal matrix which terms are the values of the frame (SαA , SβA ), (SαB , SβB ).
different winding resistances: The relation that links the voltage, the flux and the currents
is described by:
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
Rs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VsαA Rs 0 0 0 0 0 IsαA sαA
⎢ 0 Rs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ VsβA ⎥ ⎢ 0 Rs 0 0 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ IsβA ⎥ ⎢ sβA ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ VsαB ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 Rs 0 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ IsαB ⎥ d ⎢ sαB ⎥
⎢ 0 0 Rs 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ VsβB ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 Rs 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ IsβB ⎥ + dt ⎢ sβB ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 Rs 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
  ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ Vrα ⎦ ⎣ 0 0 0 0 Rr 0 ⎦ ⎣ Irα ⎦ ⎣ rα ⎦
R =⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 Rs 0 0 0 0 ⎥ (2) Vrβ 0 0 0 0 0 Rr Irβ rβ
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 Rs 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ (9)
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rr 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rr 0 ⎦
The relation that links the flux and the currents is described
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rr by:

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⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
sαA IsαA
⎢ sβA ⎥ ⎢ IsβA ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ sαB ⎥   ⎢ IsαB ⎥
⎢ ⎥ = L (α,β) (θ, ψ) . ⎢ ⎥
⎢ sβB ⎥ ⎢ IsβB ⎥ . (10)
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ rα ⎦ ⎣ Irα ⎦
rβ Irβ
⎡ ⎤
Ls 0 Mss cos (ψ) −Mss sin (ψ) MsrA cos (θ ) −MsrA sin (θ )
⎢0 Ls Mss sin (ψ) Mss cos (ψ) MsrA sin (θ ) MsrA cos (θ ) ⎥
⎢ ⎥
  ⎢ Mss cos (ψ) Mss sin (ψ) Ls 0 MsrB cos(θ − ψ) −MsrB sin(θ − ψ) ⎥
L (α,β) (θ, ψ) = ⎢
⎢ −Mss sin (ψ)
⎥
⎢ Mss cos (ψ) 0 Ls MsrB sin(θ − ψ) MsrB cos(θ − ψ) ⎥⎥
⎣ MsrA cos (θ ) MsrA sin (θ ) MsrB cos(θ − ψ) MsrB sin(θ − ψ) Lr 0 ⎦
−MsrA sin (θ ) MsrA cos (θ ) −MsrB sin(θ − ψ) MsrB cos(θ − ψ) 0 Lr
(11)

3 Simulation model for voltage supply

With:
The mathematical flux model is written in (d,q) reference ⎡ ⎤
frame, and described by the following state equation repre- Rs 0 0 0 0 0
⎢ 0 Rs 0 0 0 0 ⎥
sentation: ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 Rs 0 0 0 ⎥
dX (t)   ⎢
[R] = ⎢ ⎥ (14)
= A(ω, ωdq [X (t)] + [B].U (t) ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 Rs 0 0 ⎥
dt ⎢ 0 0 0 0 Rr 0 ⎥
Y (t) = [C] .X (t) ⎣ ⎦
 t 0 0 0 0 0 Rr
X (t) = sdA , sqA , sdB , sqB , rd , rq : state vector ⎡ ⎤
  0 −ωdq 0 0 0 0
U (t) = [UA UB ]t = VSdA VSqA VSdB VSqB : control vector ⎢ω ⎥
 t ⎢ dq 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥
Y (t) = Isd1 , Isq1 , Isd2 , Isq2 : the output vector (12) ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 −ω 0 0 ⎥
⎢ dq ⎥
[ω] = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 ω dq 0 0 0 ⎥
The functional diagram is given by Fig. 4: ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 −(ω − ω) ⎥
The state matrix is determined by the following expres- ⎣ dq ⎦
sion: 0 0 0 0 (ωdq − ω) 0
    −1 (15)
A(ω, ωdq ) = − [R] L d,q + [ω] (13) ⎡ ⎤
Ls 0 Mss 0 MsrA 0
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ Ls 0 Mss 0 MsrA ⎥
[UA1] ⎢ ⎥
+ [UA] ⎢ Mss 0 Ls 0 MsrB 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
[UA2] [L (d,q) ] = ⎢ ⎥
- [X] [Y] ⎢ 0 Mss 0 Ls 0 MsrB ⎥
[B] [C] ⎢ ⎥
[UB1] + ∫ ⎢ MsrA 0 MsrB 0 Lr 0 ⎥
+ [UB] + ⎣ ⎦
[UB2] - 0 MsrA 0 MsrB 0 Lr
(16)
[A]

Fig. 4 Functional diagram dual open-end winding machine

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⎡   ⎤
K 1 Ms A r K 1 Ms B r K3
−K 4 Rs + 0 −K 4 −0 K 4 TKr1 K4 K1ω
⎢ Tr  Tr  σ2 Ts ⎥
⎢ −K 4 Rs + K 1 Ms Ar
−K 4 K 1 Ms Br K3 K1 ⎥
⎢
⎢ 
0
Tr 
0 Tr − σ2 Ts −K 4 K 1 ω K 4 Tr ⎥
⎥
⎢ −K K 2 Ms A r − K 3 −K 5 Rs + K 2 Ms Br K2
K5 K2ω ⎥
⎢ 5 0 0 K 5 Tr ⎥
[A] = ⎢ Tr σ1 Ts  Tr  ⎥
⎢ −K 5 K 2 Ms Ar K3
−K 5 Rs + K 2 Ms Br K2 ⎥
⎢
⎢
0 Tr − σ1 Ts 0 Tr −K 5 K 2 ω K 5 Tr ⎥
⎥
⎢ Ms A r Ms Br −1
−
⎥
⎣ Tr 0 Tr 0 Tr ⎦
0 Ms A r
0 Ms B r

−1
Tr Tr Tr

With: σ1 Ls
K5 = ,
σ1 σ2 Ls2 − K 32
 −1
[C] = L d,q (17)
Msr A : mutual maximal cyclic inductance between winding A and rotor ⎡ ⎤
Msr B : mutual maximal cyclic inductance between winding B and rotor
1 0 0 0
⎢0 1 0 0⎥
Msr 2A ⎢ ⎥
σ1 = 1 − : coefficient of dispersion windingA ⎢0 0 1 0⎥
LrLs [B] = ⎢
⎢0
⎥ (18)
Msr 2B ⎢ 0 0 1⎥⎥
σ2 = 1 −
Ls.Lr
: coefficient of dispersion windingB ⎣0 0 0 0⎦
K1 =
Ms A r
−
K 3 Ms B r
, K2 =
Ms B r
−
K 3 Ms A r
,
0 0 0 0
Lr σ2 LsLr Lr σ1 LsLr
Ms A r Ms B r The drive mechanical equation is given as follows:
K 3 = Mss − ,
Lr  
σ2 Ls 1 dω
K4 = , Tem − Tr = J. + f.ω (19)
σ1 σ2 Ls2 − K 32 pn dt

Inverter A1 Inverter A2

T11 T21 T31 T31 T21 T11

E/2 E/2

T’11 T’21 T’31 T’31 T’21 T’11

Windings A

Inverter B1 Inverter B2
Windings B

T11 T21 T31 T31 T21 T11

E/2 E/2

T’11 T’21 T’31 Dual open-end T’31 T’21 T’11

winding IM

Fig. 5 Dual open-end winding induction machine supplied by four voltage source inverters

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Fig. 6 Pole voltage, stator currents, speed and torque for a “DOEWIM”

3
The following cycle of operation, at t = 0.6 s, the system
Tem = P sα1 Isβ1 − sβ1 Isα1 + sα2 Isβ2
2  has a starting cycle, from t = 0.6s to t = 1 s, the machine is
−sβ2 Isα2 (20) working in no-load conditions. At time t = 1 s, a load torque
Tr = 300 mN is applied.
Figure 6 shows the pole voltage machine U A = (Vs A11 −
Vs A12 ) − (Vs A21 − Vs A22 ). And the pole voltage machine
4 Validation of the model of the dual open-end U B = (Vs B11 − Vs B12 ) − (Vs B21 − Vs B22 ). And the stator
winding induction machine currents, the speed and the torque.
We note that the dual open-end winding induction machine
The dual open-end winding induction machine is supplied makes to increase the level of the pole voltage. Indeed this
by four voltage source inverters based on V/F law as shown machine is fed by 2-level inverters which obtained 3-levels
by Fig. 5. of phase-to-phase machine voltage.

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Fig. 7 Voltage of the classic IM, stator currents, speed and torque

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100 The simulation results of Figs. 8 and 10 show the

0 improvement of THD stator current and extend the band-
-100
width which present the open-end stator winding induction
1.408 1.41 1.412 1.414 1.416 1.418 1.42 1.422 1.424 1.426
machine.
Time (s)

Fundamental (50Hz) = 158.3 , THD= 1.26% 5.3 THD analysis of the stator current of the double star
1
induction machine
M ag (% of Fundam ental)

0.8

0.6 Figures 12 and 13 show the waveform and the harmonic con-
tent of the stator current for the double star induction machine
for the shifted between the two star, respectively, by 30◦ and
0.4

0.2
0◦ .
0 The double star induction machine is fed by two 2-level
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Harmonic order voltage source inverters. Figure 11 shows the simulation
results of the pole voltage, the stator current, the speed and
Fig. 8 Waveform and harmonic ration of current (IM)
the torque.

5 THD analysis of the stator current 5.4 THD analysis of the stator current of the dual
open-end winding induction machine
We are interested in the THD analysis of the stator current
for the different induction machine structures. Figure 14 shows the waveform and the harmonic content of
the stator current for the dual open-end winding induction
machine.
5.1 THD analysis of the stator current of the Table 1 summarizes the various results of the THD current
three-phase induction machine for the different induction machine structures.
We note the important advantage which presents the open-
The three-phase induction machine is fed by a 2-level volt- end winding induction machine structure compared to the star
age source inverter. Figure 7 shows the simulation results induction machine to the THD of the stator current.
of the pole voltage, the stator current, the speed and the
torque.
Figure 8 shows the waveform and the harmonic content 6 Undulation rate analysis of the torque
of the stator current for the machine.
In order to analyze the torque undulations, we defined  Tem
5.2 THD analysis of the stator current of the open-end by the expression:
winding induction machine
TMax − Tmoy
 Tem = .100 (21)
The open-end winding induction machine is fed by two 2- Tmoy
level voltage source inverters.
Figure 9 shows the evolution of the pole voltage, the stator 6.1 Torque undulation of the three-phase induction
current, the speed and the torque. machine
Figure 10 shows the waveform and the harmonic con-
tent of the stator current for the open-end winding induction As for the THD, we determined the torque undulations for
machine. the induction machine.

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Fig. 9 Pole voltage, stator currents, speed and torque of the OEWIM

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100 Then:
305.5 − 300
0

-100 Tem = .100 = 1.83%

300
1.408 1.41 1.412 1.414 1.416 1.418 1.42 1.422 1.424 1.426
Time (s)
6.4 Torque undulation of the dual open-end winding
Fundamental (50Hz) = 158.3 , THD= 0.44% induction machine
1
M ag (% of Fundam ental)

0.8
Figure 18 shows the enlarging effect of the torque during the
0.6 permanent mode.
Then Tem = 302.5−300
300 .100 = 0.83%
0.4
Table 2 summarizes the various results of the torque undu-
0.2 lation for the different induction machine structures.
0
Table 2 shows that the dual open-end winding induction
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Harmonic order
machine clearly improves the torque undulation.

Fig. 10 Waveform and harmonic ration of current “OEWIM”

7 Power segmentation comparison

Figure 15 shows the enlarging effect of the torque during If we consider that all machines have a power P, we will have
the permanent mode for a load torque Tr = Tn. as power inverters for assuring the supply to each machine
Then we can calculate the torque undulation for this oper- shown in Fig. 1a–d as shown by Table 3.
ation mode. Table 3 clearly shows the advantage that present open-end
winding induction machines for the dimensioning inverters.
309 − 300
 Tem = .100 = 3%
300

6.2 Torque undulation of the open-end winding 8 Degraded mode comparison

induction machine
We consider single winding machines (IM and OEWIM), if
Figure 16 shows the enlarging effect of the torque during the an inverter fails, it is clear that the induction machine is out
permanent mode. of service, so that the open-end winding induction machine
Then, we can calculate the torque undulation can tolerate the failure and ensure the continuity of service
of the drive system.
302.5 − 300 For DSIM, a single failure can be tolerated which allows
Tem = .100 = 0.83 %
300 operation in passive or active redundancy. While the DOE
WIN can tolerate up to three successive failures [15]. So,
this machine structure is the most interpret when operating
6.3 Torque undulation of the double star induction in degraded mode.
machine

Figure 17 shows the enlarging effect of the torque during the

permanent mode.

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Fig. 11 Pole voltages, stator currents, speed and torque of the DSIM

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50 50

0 0

-50 -50

1.408 1.41 1.412 1.414 1.416 1.418 1.42 1.422 1.424 1.426 1.408 1.41 1.412 1.414 1.416 1.418 1.42 1.422 1.424 1.426
Time (s) Time (s)

Fundamental (50Hz) = 75.61 , THD= 5.18% Fundamental (50Hz) = 75.61 , THD= 0.99%
5 1

M a g (% o f F u n d a m e n ta l)
M ag (% o f F un da m en ta l)

4 0.8

3 0.6

2 0.4

1 0.2

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Harmonic order Harmonic order

Fig. 12 Waveform and harmonic ration of current (DSIM) for 30◦ Fig. 14 Waveform and harmonic ration of current (DOEWIM)

50
The characteristics of the machine used:
0

Power nominal P = 45 KW.

-50

1.408 1.41 1.412 1.414 1.416 1.418 1.42 1.422 1.424 1.426
Time (s) Speed n = 1450 tr/min.
Fundamental (50Hz) = 75.57 , THD= 1.60% Resistance of stator Rs = 0.15 .
1.5
Resistance of rotor Rr = 0.046 .
Mag (% of Fundamental)

1 Inductance of stator Ls = 17.9 mH.

Inductance of rotor Lr = 18.6 mH.
Mutual inductance Msr = 17.2 mH.
0.5

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Harmonic order

Fig. 13 Waveform and harmonic ration of current (DSIM) for 0◦

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Table 1 THD current in %

IM OEWIM DSIM DOEWIM
0◦ 30◦

THD current (%) 1.26 0.44 1.6 5.18 0.99

Fig. 15 Enlarging effect of the

waveform torque (Classic IM)

Fig. 16 Enlarging effect of the

waveform torque (OEWIM)

Fig. 17 Enlarging effect of the

waveform torque (DSIM)

Fig. 18 Enlarging effect of the

waveform torque (DOEWIM)

Table 2 Torque undulation in

Classic IM Open-end windingIM Double star IM Dual Open-end winding IM
%
0◦ 30◦

Tem (%) 3 0.83 3 1.83 0.83

Table 3 Inverter powers

Machine structure Inverter powers

IM P
OEWIM P/2
DSIM P/2
DOEWIM P/4

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9 Conclusion
The simulation model of the dual open-end winding induc-
tion machine supplied by four voltage source inverters is
implemented in the Matlab Simulink environment.
A THD analysis of the current and the undulation rate of
the torque are presented with the comparison for the different
induction machine structures.
This comparison allows us to say that the dual open-
end winding induction machine improves the THD current,
extends bandwidth and the torque quality.
The use of the dual open-end winding induction machine
makes it possible to increase the level of the voltage between
phases.
Finally, the dual open-end winding induction machine is
a good solution for the power segmentation, because its four
inverters are dimensioned to a quarter power of the machine.
In addition, the DOEWIM improves the reliability and the
availability of drive system since it offers the multiple degrees
of liberty.
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