TRANSLATING CAUSATIVE HAVE AND GET: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

BETWEEN GOOGLE TRANSLATE TRANSLATION

AND HUMAN TRANSLATION

BY
DANIEL SBASTIAN
2017-0001-0017

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of Master of Arts in Applied English Linguistics

APPLIED ENGLISH LINGUISTICS PROGRAM

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE
ATMA JAYA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA
2020
 FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE
ATMA JAYA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA
Program in Applied English Linguistics

THESIS APPROVAL FORM

Name : Daniel Sbastian

Student ID : 2017-0001-0017

Program : Applied English Linguistics

Major : Applied English Linguistics

Date of Examination : July 13, 2020

Thesis Title : Translating Causative Have and Get: A Comparative

Study between Google Translate Translation and
Human Translation

Examination Board

Head of Program in
Applied English Linguistics

Yassir Nasanius, Ph.D. Yassir Nasanius, Ph.D.

Advisor

Dr. Anna Marietta da Silva Prof. Dr. SetionoSugiharto

Examiner 1 Examiner 2

ii
 ORIGINALITY STATEMENT

“I hereby declare that this Thesis is my own work and to the best of my

knowledge itcontains no materials previously published or written by another

person, orsubstantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the

award of anyother degree or diploma at Atma Jaya Catholic University of

Indonesia or anyother educational institution, except where due acknowledgement

is made in theThesis.”

Jakarta, July 13, 2020

(Daniel Sbastian)
2017-0001-0017

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, TO GOD BE THE GLORY. As a Christian, I believe in my

Lord, Jesus Christ, who is always with me. He always shows me a way in a

difficult time by the help of Holy Spirit taking as my conscience. He has

convinced me in many difficult times when I thought, I would not be able to do

both working and continuing my study in this level. As a result, I could finish my

thesis with a grateful heart.

Secondly, I would like to thank to my advisor, Mr. YassirNasanius, Ph.D

who directly involved in the writing of my thesis and gave me food for thought.

All the comments and suggestions made to my thesis were very helpful and

insightful. Besides, My sincere gratitude to all my lecturers in Atma Jaya during

my graduate study.

Thirdly, my endless gratitude to my parents that support me with full of

love. Both your affection is matchless as to me as human being. This Thesis is one

of my presents in your lives as your dream that wants a descendant in a big family

of Pasaribu from ompungSutan Dunia with a master’s degree.

My next gratitude is for Google Corporation that provides web-based

service in translation namely Google Translatewhich can be explored and used as

my research subject, and also google scholar as web-based service that helps me

to find articles and books to support my work.

iv
 I also would like to thank my classmates; Lala, Bill, Rosa, Pak Ari, Ka

Kristi, and Bang Matthew who are supportive,cooperative, and collaborative

during my study in Atma Jaya. I am very grateful to have you all as my

classmates. I wish that our lives are blessed with valuable experiences,

unforgettable moments, and a state of being useful for people around us.

Finally, my gratitude to my friends and institutions that also contribute to

my two-half-year study. Thank you very much to Eva MarianaSiregar, Abed

Nego SamudraSiregar, Jordi Walter Hasibuan, and Christiyanti Adi

KurniawatiRitongawho helped me in doing my mini research for English for

Specific Purpose subject, andSt. Yakobus school that allowed me to conduct an

observation in Approaches to English Language Learning subject. Furthermore, I

also would like to thank EHS Homeschooling and the teachers that are supportive

to my study.

v
 ABSTRACT

Translating Causative Have and Get: A Comparative Study between Google

Translate Translation and Human Translation

The studiesof causative have been undertaken across languages, especially

from English to several languages, that focus on the translation of causative
forms(Gilquin, 2015; Levshina, Geeraerts, &Speelman, 2013; Seifart, 2012;
Sneddon, Adelaar, Djenar, & Ewing, 2010). Those translation studies were
undertaken by humans thathave indigenous capacity for language, diction
knowledge, logic, and capability to correct themselves (Van Rensburg, Snyman,
&Lotz, 2012). Yet, it might be interesting by knowing that a machine translator
can only undergo the production of the data programmed from a database, which
means their performance depends on the input they receive (Van Rensburg et all,
2012). Thus, this study investigates the comparison of the causative translation of
Google Translate, which is considered as the most sophisticated machine
translator (Salvia, 2010), and humans from English into Indonesian in relation to
their ability in causative-to-causative translation, and the application of the
strategies in translating causative.

The data are obtained from six English novels and their translations in
Indonesian. To analyze the data, 100 clauses with causative have and get were
selected from English novels and translated by Google Translate into Indonesian.
The results of the translation fromGoogle Translatewere compared with the
translation of human in Indonesian novels in relation with causative-to-causative
translation and strategies used.

The result shows that the translation of Google Translate in translating

causative have and get have similarity with human translation in relation with
causative-to-causative translation. Furthermore, the strategies used between
Google Translate and humans also have similarity in translating similar causative
constructions from English into Indonesia.

Keywords: Causative, Google Translate, Translation.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

THESIS APPROVAL FORM ii

ORIGINALITY STATEMENT iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT vi

List of Tables x

List of Figures xi

CHAPTER I 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 4

1.3 Objectives of the Study 4

1.4 Limitations of the Study 5

1.5 Significance of the Study 5

1.6 Organization of the Thesis 6

CHAPTER II7

LITERATURE REVIEW 7

2.1 Causative Constructions 7

2.1.1 Parameters in causative constructions 10

2.1.2 English Analytic Causatives 12

2.1.3 Indonesian Analytic Causatives 15

2.2 Translation 17

2.2.1 Translation Methods 19

vii
 2.2.2 Translation Strategies and Procedures 21

2.3 Google Translate 24

2.4 Previous Study 25

CHAPTER III 27

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27

3.1 Theoretical Framework 27

3.1.1 Transference 28

3.1.2 Naturalization 28

3.1.3 Cultural Equivalent 29

3.1.4 Functional Equivalent 29

3.1.5 Descriptive Equivalent 29

3.1.6 Synonymy 29

3.1.7 Through Translation 29

3.1.8 Shift or Transpositions 30

3.1.9 Modulation 30

3.1.10 Recognized Translation 30

3.1.11 Compensation 30

3.1.12 Paraphrase 31

3.1.13 Couplets 31

3.2 Research Approach 31

3.3 Source of Data 31

3.4 The Method of Data Collection 33

3.5 The Procedure of Data Analysis 34

viii
CHAPTER IV 36

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 36

4.1 Findings 36

4.1.1 The Result of Translation by Google Translate 37

4.1.2 The Result of Translation by Human 44

4.1.3 Strategies used by Google Translate 50

4.1.4 Strategies used by Humans 58

4.2 Discussion 63

4.2.1 Google Translate and Human Translation 64

4.2.2 The Comparison of Strategies Used 65

CHAPTER V 69

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 69

5.1 Conclusion 69

5.2 Suggestions 70

REFERENCES 71

APPENDICES 74

ix
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. The Source of Data

Table 2. The Total of Causative Constructions Translated by Google

Table 3. The Translation of English Causative in Active Effects into

Indonesian

Table 4. The Translation of English Causative in Passive Effects into

Indonesian

Table 5. The Total of Causative and Non-causative Translations by Human

Table 6. The Translation of English Causative by Human

Table 7. The Translation of English Causative by Human into Indonesian

Causative forms

Table 8. The Translation of English Causative by Human to Indonesian

Non-causative forms

x
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Strategies Used by Google Translate

Figure 2. Modulation in Passive Causative Constructions

Figure 3. Modulation in Active Causative Constructions

Figure 4. Through Translation Strategy Occurrence

Figure 5. Affecting Verbs in Active Forms

Figure 6. Affecting Verbs in Passive Forms

xi
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter consists of the background of the study, statement of the

problem, objective of the study, limitations of the study, significance of the study,

and organization of the study. Firstly, the background of the study mentions why

the researcher intended to this research. Secondly, the statement of the problem

consists of the introductory questions in relation to what was going to be

investigated. Thirdly, the objective of the study is formulated to answer and find

the way out to the problem statements. Fourthly, the limitation of the study deals

with the reasons what this study particularly focuses on the translation. Fifthly, the

significance of the study comprises the positive impact of this research. Lastly, the

organization of the thesis is the outline of this chapter.

1.1 Background of the Study

Causative form asserts an action that causes something to happen

(Hurford, Heasley, & Smith, 2007). It means that to create the action, there is

someone or something, as an initiator, that causes an action to something or

someone that is affected by the initiator. According to Dixon and Aikhenvald

(2000), the initiator, so-called causer, refers to someone or something (which can

be an event or state) that initiates or controls the activity. On the other hand, the

affected one, so-called causee, is the entity or event that is changed or influenced

by the causer and carries out the effect of the caused event (Gilquin, 2003, p. 127).

1
 2

This kind of causation relation is as seen fundamental as a basic human concept

and the underlying structure of human language (Baron, 1974; Lakoff & Johnson,

1980, p. 69).

In relation to basic human concept and the underlying structure of human

language, language and causative have relationship where languages tend to have

a construction specifically designed to express causative relationships in which

the causing event is not elaborated beyond the notion of cause

(Kemmer&Verhagen, 1994, p. 118). In regard with languages and causative,

several studies have investigated causative, especially comparative study to

English causatives, in different languages such as Indonesian, Arawakan (spoken

in Columbia and Peru), Dutch, French, and Persian (Gilquin, 2015; Levshina,

Geeraerts, &Speelman, 2013; Seifart, 2012; Sneddon, Adelaar, Djenar, & Ewing,

2010). The studies show that the construction of causatives between English and

other languages tend to have different constructions.

The studies in advance in relation to causative construction were employed

by humans’ works. It means that all the different constructions revealed between

English and other target languages were translated by humans or as the products

of human translation. It might be reasonable that successful translations occur as

humans have indigenous capacity for language, diction knowledge, logic, and

capability to correct themselves (Van Rensburg, Snyman, &Lotz, 2012).

However, those things might not be taken into account in the process of

translating words or clauses by machine translator since according to Van

Rensburg et al (2012), machine translator can only undergo the production of the
 3

data programmed from a database, which means their performance depends on the

input they receive. Thus, it is interesting to know how a machine translator

translates causative constructions from English, in this case, to Indonesian

because there are several constructions between English and Indonesian, such as

‘have something done by someone’, with a passive verb, comprise circumlocution

(Sneddon et al, 2010). While, according to Rabab’ah (2008), circumlocution or

paraphrase is one of communication strategies in translation in which the ability

of determining strategy in translation needs more than a programmed database and

additional knowledge as humans do.

Since a machine translator merely translates the text based on the database

received, therefore, this can be a fascinating study to investigate. In this case, the

machine translator used wasGoogle Translatewhich wastaken into account as the

most sophisticated machine translator. Hampshire and Salvia (2010) reported that

Google Translate becomes the top-tier machine translator because of the quality of

its translation.

The work of Google Translate in translating causative construction into

Indonesian thenraised curiositysince its ability in the translation is based on the

database received compared to human who can do more in the translation.

Furthermore, Arka (1993) stated that the translation of Indonesian causative

cannot be undertaken simply for most of Indonesian causative translations result

in morphological causative to make the translation acceptable and to avoid oddity.

Therefore, it was absorbing to know how a machine translator, in this case,Google

Translate, performs the translation compared to humans employ. The causative

 4

constructions translated in this paper were the construction containing not only

have, but also get. According to Gilquin (2003), causative have and get have

closeness in purpose and meaning. Thus, the writer intended to investigate

whether Google Translate was able to translate English causative construction into

Indonesian causative construction. Concerning the first aim, the writer also

intended to know how English causative have and get were translated into

Indonesian undertaken byhumans.Besides, the study is also aimed to know what

possible translation strategies done byGoogle Translatecompared to human

translation in translating causative constructions containing have and get from

English into Indonesian.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Since not many Indonesian scholars have conducted studies on

comparison of human and machine translation in causative verbs, this study

attempts to analyze thisspecific genre by addressing the following research

questions:

1. WereGoogle Translateand human translators able to translate English

causative constructionshave and get and their past form into Indonesian
causative constructions?

2. What were the strategies used by Google Translate and human translators
when translating English causative construction into Indonesian causative
constructions?
 5

1.3 Objectives of the Study

Through this research, the writer was interested in the translation of

causative have and get undertaken by Google Translate from English into

Indonesian compared to human translation. The writer was also enthusiastic to

find out the difference between human translation and Google Translate

translation in the way they translate causative constructions.

1.4 Limitations of the Study

Due to the time and resources constraints, the focus of this study is on the

translation of causative have and get which were translated by Google Translateas

machine translation compared to human translation. In this study, the writer uses

two novels as the source of the data. As the part of the academic genre, the

causatives have and get were then taken to be further analyzed and compared

based on the results of findings and what strategies used by humans and Google

Translate.

1.5 Significance of the Study

Through the investigation of the translation of causative have and get

undertaken by Google Translate, the result is expected to be beneficial to the

development of Google Translate in the translation of causative verbs regarding to

its database, especially causative have and get from English into Indonesian

compared to the results of human translation. In relation to human translation, the

result of this study is expected to be beneficial for further studies in the translation

of causative have and get related to their translations into Indonesian analytic or
 6

morphological causatives. Furthermore, the result of strategies compared is

expected to be beneficial to the translation study regarding machine and human

translation in causative, especially from English into Indonesian.

1.6 Organization of the Thesis

This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 is the Introduction. This

chapterdiscusses the Background of the Study, the Statement of the Problem, the

Limitation of the Study, the Significance of the Study and theOrganization of the

Thesis. Chapter 2 describes the Review of Related Literature. It consists of a

snapshot of English causatives, Indonesian causatives, Google Translate,

causative have and get, and he Previous Studies. Chapter 3 discusses the Research

Methodology used in thisresearch. Chapter 4 is the Research Findings and

Discussion. The last chapter presents the Conclusion and Suggestions for the

research.
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter discusses the notion of causative, translation, Google Translate and

previous related study.Firstly, the notion of causative deals with causative in

general, English analytic causative, and Indonesian analytic causative. Secondly,

the part of translation deals with translation methods, strategies and procedures.

Thirdly, a subchapter of Google Translate deals with its issues. Lastly, the

previous study deals with the previous investigations in relation to periphrastic

causatives especially causative have and get.

.1 Causative Constructions

The whole literature of causative constructions will not be possible to be

covered in this chapter, even in this thesis due to the purpose of this paper.

Nevertheless, causative constructions are taken into account as an essential part in

the literature review. According to Comrie (1989, p.165), causative constructions

have played an important role in the recent history of linguistics, not only from a

typological viewpoint, and also represent an important area of convergence

between linguistics and such adjacent disciplines as philosophy (the nature of

causation) and cognitive anthropology (human perception and categorization of

causation). He added that internally to linguistics, causative constructions are

essential because their study moreover within a single language, but perhaps more

7
clearly cross-linguistically, comprises the interaction of various components of the

over-all linguistic description, including semantics, syntax, and morphology.

8
 9

Therefore, the content of causative constructions in this part is discussed briefly

according to several experts which represent the quintessence of causative

structures.

Causative construction is sometimes described in two events. Frawley

(1992, p. 159) stated terms of these two events namely ‘precipitating event’ and ‘a

result’. Similarly, Shibatani (as cited in Dixon and Aikhenvald, 2000, p. 30)

characterized as ‘a causing event’ and ‘a caused event’. While, according to

Talmy (2000), causation is a force-dynamic pattern that involves two main

participants: the antagonist (which is usually labeled as the “causer” in the

constructions that we examine in this study) and the agonist (the “causee”). The

causer instigates a causing event or state, which affects the causee, who brings

about the caused event. In prototypical causation, the causer succeeds in

overriding the causee’s natural tendency towards rest or action (Talmy 2000:

418). The constructions that are studied here all refer to this causation type,

although they may have other meaning extensions.

Dixon and Aikhenvald (2000) claimeda different characterization. They

claimed that a causative construction involves the specification of an additional

argument, a causer, onto a basic clause. Dixon and Aikhenvald defined their

characterization that is; the initiator, so-called causer, refers to someone or

something (which can be an event or state) that initiates or controls the activity.

On the other hand, the affected one, so-called causee, is the entity or event that is

changed or influenced by the causer and carries out the effect of the caused event

(Gilquin, 2003, p. 127). Causation can be expressed in a variety of ways – by

 10

means of a preposition (e.g., as a result of, due to), conjunction (e.g., because,

since), an adverb (e.g., consequently, thereby), a verb (e.g., cause, kill), etc

(Gilquin, 2008). Xuelan& Kennedy (as cited in Gilquin, 2008) have drawn up a

list of as many as 130 different devices for expressing this notion in English.

Furthermore, causative structures are seen, instead, as built up from simpler

structural/conceptual units, in the sense that they relate (non-derivationally) to

more basic clause types.

According to Talmy (2000), causative construction constitutes a force-

dynamic pattern that involves two main participants: the antagonist (which is

usually characterized as the “causer” in the constructions) and the agonist (the

“causee”). The causer commences a causing event or state, which influences the

causee, who instigate the caused event. In archetypal causation, the causer

succeeds in overriding the causee’s natural propensity towards rest or action

(Talmy 2000, p. 418).

According to KemmerandVerhagen(1994, p. 122), there is a formal

differentiation of two kinds of causative constructions. The first construction is

one-participant events. This construction consists of one causer and one causee or

caused event. Conversely, the second construction is called causative of two-

participant events which is composed of one causer and two cause or caused

events. Causative constructions in which the effected predicate comprise a one-

participant event is termed as ‘intransitive causative construction’ or ICs, while

the constructions of causative in which the effected predicate is made up of two-

participant event are called ‘transitive causative constructions’ or TCs.

 11

.1.1 Parameters in causative constructions

one of the reasons which are important to undertake in causative

constructions study is their study involves the interaction of formal syntax and

semantic analysis, and in many examples, the correlation of formal and semantic

parameters. Comrie (1989, pp. 166-174) classified two kinds of parameters in

causative constructions as follow:

.1.1.1 Formal parameters

In this discussion, Comrie stated that one of the main formal parameters

which are often found in early discussion of causative verbs is the formal

relationship between the expression for the causative macro-situation and the

resultant micro-situation, i.e. the relationship between cause to die and die, or

between kill and die. In this parameter, there is a three-way typological distinction

that is correlated namely the continuum from analytic causatives through

morphological causatives to lexical causatives. It turns out that the existence of a

formal relationship, even though not productive, facilitates the identification of

the causative and non-causative members of the counterpart for objectives of

retrieval of deleted information.

Thereunto to the classification into analytic, morphological, and lexical

causatives, there is one further formal parameter that turns up to be important in

the cross-linguistic comparison of causative constructions, and this is the

grammatical encoding of the semantic intercourse causee in the causative

construction, i.e. of John/the tree/the vase in Icaused John/the tree/the vase to fall

and in other ways of expressing the same basic meaning.

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.1.1.2 Semantic parameters

In this part, there are two major semantic parameters which are, firstly

discussed, the distinction between direct and indirect causation andthe problem of

the degree of control restrained in the causative macro-situation by the causee.

Comrie (1989) points out that the difference between direct and indirect

causatives is concerned with the mediacy of the relationship between cause and

effect (p. 172). He goes on to mention that on the one hand, there are instances

where cause and effect are so close to one another temporally that it is difficult to

factor the macro-situation physically into cause and effect, even though it remains

possible to do so conceptually. In other instances, nonetheless, the relation

between cause and effect may be much more distant, as in the following scenario:

the gunsmith, knowing that the gunlighter has a crucial fight coming up, ensures

that the gun, which has been entrusted to him for repair, will fail to fire; some

hours later the gunfighter goes out for his fight and, since his gun has been

tampered with, he is killed. Comrie instantiates this scenario to depict indirect

causative, with an inevitable flow of events, between the cause (the gunsmith’s

tampering with the gun) and the effect (the gunfighter’s death).

The second semantic parameter that Comrie points out is a degree of

control retained by the causee in the causative construction. This semantic

parameter interconnects particularly with the formal expression of the causee in

the causative construction. As exemplified in John caused the tree to fall, this

causee generally has no potency for making use of any control upon the

macrosituation where the causee is an inanimate entity so that the question of

 13

control does not arise.Nevertheless, there is the potential for a continuum of the

degree of control restrained by that causee where the causee is animate.

.1.2 EnglishAnalytic Causatives

Analytic causative constructions, or also known as periphrastic causative

constructions, customarily constructed of a causer (or causing event), a causee (or

caused event), and a non-finite complement (Gilquin, 2015).the construction

shows an expression of some act undertaken successfully by the causee that is

influenced by the causer's attempt. Moreno (1993) reported that in many

languages, the construction of periphrastic causative can be described and

frequently have an association with make-verbs.

In the literature, the English analytic causatives have received much

attention (e.g., Gilquin 2006, 2010; Stefanowitsch 2001; Wierzbicka 1998). The

constructions that are addressed in this study merely contain the causative

auxiliaries have and get. According to Levshina et all (2013), different forms of

the effected predicates are combined with causative have and get as in the

example of they had a draughtsman prepare the plan and she got the minister to

sign the papers. Furthermore, have and get can be followed by the infinitive, the

past participle, and the present participle. The components which are joined with

cannot be parameters to wholly predict the meaning of constructions (Goldberg,

1995). However, there are still prominent semantic propensities in connection

with the forms of the effected predicates. On the one hand, the different levels of

integration of causing and caused events are reflected by the different forms of the

effected predicate. This can be seen if the component of the non-finite is a present
 14

participle, then after impingement stops, the caused event can continue for some

time. Nevertheless, if the verb is a bare infinitive, then the two events are linked

more tightly from the causative and the spatiotemporal perspectives

(Stefanowitsch, 2001). On the other hand, in the way passive constructions do, the

constructions with the past participle background the causee.

In English, prepositional marking of the causee is customarily feasible

only in structures with the past participle. According to Levshina et all (2013),

there is some compositionality involved. They stated that the preposition to makes

an animate causee appear as a recipient or addressee, whereas by marks an

agentive cause. Furthermore, Kemmer and Verhagen (1994) reported that

prepositional marking is a sign of the peripherality of the causee.

Periphrastic or analytic causative construction is deciphered in a form of

action chain to clearly depict the chronological process how causer, causee, and

effect, additionally patient, are in relation. Gilquin (2010) explained in the action

chain that the causer is the head, which is the originator of the action chain, the

source of energy that transmits its energy hereinafter. The causative verb and the

causer, which constitutes the causing event, annunciate the transference of energy.

By sending its energy to a causee, the causer incites another event, the caused

event, in which the causing event is not straight embroiled. The energy of the

causer sets the causee in signal and is thus managed to transmit the energy it has

received from the causer to another participant, the patient. The effect, in this

case, expresses the second transference of energy. The tail of the action chain, the

place where the energy is deputized by the patient. Gilquin added that the
 15

presence of a patient is not compulsive for periphrastic causative construction to

be well-formed.

In relation to causative have and get as the analytic causative verbs used in

this study, the discussion of both verbs is specifically discussed in this paragraph.

Gilquin (2003) states that causative get and havehave similarities. In his paper, he

points out there are three similarities that occurred between getand have. The first

one is causer. The causer traditionally referred to as the subject of the sentence; it

can be animate or inanimate.In this way, getand haveact in a very similar way:

they are predominantly used with an animate causer which includes collective

nouns referring to people (e.g., police or board). Another point to make about the

causer with getand haveis that it can present various degrees of involvement in the

caused event.First, it can be indirectly involved when its role is purely limited to

instigating the event. Thus, in the causer initiates the caused event by, say,

phoning the company or writing a letter, but it is not directly involved in the

installing of the line, except, maybe, as a beneficiary. Second, besides bringing

about the caused event, the causer can also be directly (though not actively)

involved. The second one which has similarities between getand haveis in causee.

As a rule, the causee corresponds to what is traditionally referred to as the object

in the sentence. When the causee is demoted there is a strong tendency to leave it

unmentioned. Poutsma (as cited in Gilquin, 2003) claims that when this is the

case, the passive gives “prominence to the primary participant in the action, by

mentioning it expressly at the end of the sentence. The last thing is the effect. The

effect both get and have present a majority of volitional effects. In other words,
 16

the effect produced in a get- or have- sentence is often one in which the causee

maintains some volition. Those three similarities, according to Gilquin, then

become the steppingstone for this investigation by knowing the translation

product of Google Translate in translating causative get and have from English

into Indonesian causative compared to human translation product.

.1.3 Indonesian Analytic Causatives

The studies of causative constructions, especially periphrastic/analytic

causatives in Indonesia, have received attention by several scholars (Arka, 1993;

KaswantiPurwo, 2002; Sneddon, Adelaar, Djenar, & Ewing, 2010; Son & Cole,

2008). Most of their discussions in periphrastic causatives have a propensity in

mainly explaining cause and make, while have and get have no deep analyses in

their studies. Therefore, the information about Indonesian causatives have and get

in this paper might be a little specific. Alternatively, causative have and get tend

to be discussed more generally and compared with another kind of causative to

know its entity semantically and syntactically.

Arka (1993) classifies six points of periphrastic causatives in Indonesian

compared to morphological and lexical causatives. First, periphrastic causative

may be ambiguous compared to morphological and lexical causatives as a single

event in which an agent (the causer) is conscientious for a particular caused event.

Yet, periphrastic causative and morphological causative are sometimes

synonymous with Jackendoff’s notation (1991) CAUSE[THING][EVENT] structure.

Even though both of them are interpreted as two separates, yet causally related,

event. Second, as also shown by the volitional parameter [+/-vol] on the part of
 17

the causer, the morphological causative must be grouped jointly with the lexical

causative rather than the periphrastic causative. The periphrastic causative, which

is naturally interpreted as having [-vol] causer, does not have volitional reading, in

contrast, the morphological and lexical causatives generally imply this meaning.

Third, on the part of the causee, volitionality also distinguishes the morphological

causative from the periphrastic causative. The caused event might transpire even

without the cooperation of the causee since [+/-vol] is irrelevant with the

morphological causative. Fourth, the involvement of the causer (as the doer) in the

caused event is always potentially rejected since the periphrastic causative

ambiguously entangles two separate events (encoded by two lexical forms)

wherein the causer might be just a trigger. It is because, for instance, like lari-kan

'run-CAUS', as a part of morphologically complex causatives constitute

semantically a complex predicate where the causing and the cause events are so

obscure. Fifth, there is a lineal deliberate contact between the causer and the

causee in the lexical and morphological causatives, but it is not necessarily so in

the periphrastic causative. The last, the periphrastic causative is more productive

than the morphological causatives. For example, Indonesian has datang-kan

'come-CAUS', but its antonym pergi-kan 'go-CAUS'. However, Indonesian does

have the periphrastic membuat-datang 'make-come' and membuat-pergi 'make-go'

Sneddon et al, (2010), in addition, point out that the translation of analytic

or periphrastic causatives, in this case,have and get, from English into Indonesian

is dependent on the context which follows the causative verbs. In passive form,

the construction consisting of have which is followed by a noun and past

 18

participle requires circumlocution in its translation. In other words, the

construction does not have direct translation. The type of ‘have (or get) something

done by someone’ with a passive verb is unpredictable when it is translated into

Indonesian. The part ‘have something done’ can merely be translated by referring

to the causee, which becomes an agent (Son & Cole, 2008). Sneddon et all

exemplify the construction of I had my eyes checked by the doctor (literal

meaning: I = saya, had = has no meaning, my = saya (possessive adjective) eyes =

mata, checked = diperiksa (passive form with prefix di- as passive marker in basic

form periksa), by = oleh, the doctor = dokter) which has the translation Saya

memeriksakanmatasayakedokter(I checked my eyes to a doctor)is influenced by

morphological causative with suffixe -kan that modifies verb diperiksato be

memeriksakan. While in an active voice, the translation of causative haveand get

can be translated directly.

.2 Translation

The interpretations of translation terminology have various definitions

among the translation scholars. The definitions shew to be different from one to

another. This might be caused by experiences and to what or whom the translation

is undertaken. Even though there are some kinds of ideas of defining translation,

these differences are similar in the core of the function and purposes, to share

what is understood in one language to be also understood in another language.

Specifically, the clarity of translation is defined in this discussion by scholars in

translation study from their own perspectives.

 19

According to Munday (2016), translation is a process of changing of two

different written languages from authentic written text (the source text: ST), in the

original verbal language (the source language: SL), into a written text (the target

text: TT) in a different verbal language (target language: TL) by regarding the

contexts of both languages. It means from translating product manual from

Chinese to English, for instance, the ST is Chinese, and the TT is English. He

further mentions that in doing translation, the modification of TTs is necessitated

rather than bringing the literal meaning to it.

The understanding of translation from Jacobson (1959) seems to have a

complex specification rather than what Munday defines. Jacobson points out three

kinds of translation with different aims; intralingual translation, interlingual

translation, and intersemiotic translation. First, he labels intralingual translation as

rewording which means interpreting verbal signs by means of other signs in the

same language. Munday (2016) explains the application of intralingual translation

occurs when the translator produces a summary or rewrite a text in the same

language. It also happens when there is a paraphrase, with the expression in other

words, of an expression in the same language. Second, Jacobson names

interlingual translation as translation proper defined as an interpretation of verbal

signs by means of some other language. He illustrates the word cheese between

English and Russian which cannot be completely identified with standard

Russian. Third, is intersemiotic translation or transmutation. This is defined as an

interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems. It

 20

means that the translation is undertaken to know the messages of non-verbal signs

(i.e., symbols, pictures, etc.) which is transcribed in verbal signs.

The translation is seen as a way of communication as well. Venuti (2012)

mentions that translation is a way of communication with a problem-solving of

linguistic and cultural differences of the source text by lessening them and adding

another set of differences delineated from the receiving situation to maintain the

messages to be acceptable. He goes on to state that it requires strategies to be able

to extract the texts selected. Thus, translation is where the messages involving the

linguistic and cultural differences in source texts are communicated in target texts.

.2.1 Translation Methods

The way of translating a text is not that simple. The translator requires a

method to be able to extract the message from ST (source text) to TT (target text),

of course with a specific method. The necessity of a method in translation is

importantly taken into account with three essential points. Newmark (1988) points

out three points as theoretical arguments for translators to use methods. He

classifies 8 methods of translation that are divided into two parts; SL-base method

and TL-base method which are known as V diagram.

.2.1.1 Word-for-word Translation

Newmark states that this kind of translation is interlinear, with the TL

immediately below the SL words. He further explains the SL word-order is

maintained and the words transliterated solely by their most common meanings,

out of context. Furthermore, cultural words are translated truly.

 21

.2.1.2 Literal Translation

Newmark explains that literal translation occurs when SL grammatical

constructions are transformed to their closest TL equivalents, but still, the lexical

words are again transliterated solely, out of context. As a pre-translation process,

this shows the issues to be coped.

.2.1.3 Faithful Translation

A faithful Translation attempts to reproduce the proper contextual

meaning of the original within the barriers of the TL grammatical structures. It

'transfers' cultural words and maintains the degree of grammatical and lexical

'abnormality' (deviation from SL norms) in the translation. It attempts to be totally

faithful to the intentions and the text-realization of the SL writer.

.2.1.4 Semantic Translation

semantic translation is different from faithful translation merely in as far

as it must take more account of the esthetic value (that is, the beautiful and natural

sounds of the SL text, compromising on 'meaning' where corresponding so that no

alliteration, word-play repetition jars in the finished version. Further, it might

translate less essential cultural words by the culturally neutral third or functional

terms but not by cultural equivalents.

.2.1.5 Adaptation

This translation is the freest form. According to Newmark, this kind of

translation method is used notably for plays (comedies and poetry; the themes,
 22

characters, plots) are usually maintained. In this case, the SL culture is

transformed into the TL culture and the text is rewritten.

.2.1.6 Free Translation

Free translation reproduces the problem without the way to solve it, or the

content without the form of the original. It occurs usually with a paraphrase much

longer than the original one and so-called intralingual translation, often prolix and

pretentious, and not translation at all.

.2.1.7 Idiomatic Translation

Idiomatic translation reproduces the message of the genuine but inclines

toward inverse nuance of meaning by colloquialisms and idioms preferences

where both of them do not exist in the original.

.2.1.8 Communicative Translation

The communicative translation is a translation method that attempts to

modify the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both

content and language are readily acceptable and apprehensible to the readership.

This translation method is considered economical and accurate.

.2.2 Translation Strategies and Procedures

The use of translation strategies is aimed atthe overall orientation or

preference of the translator to translated text, while the use of procedures is aimed

for specific techniques or methods used by translators at a certain point in a text

(Munday, 2016). Even though the term of method and procedure seems to have a

similar meaning, the term ‘method’ used by Newmark (1988) is not identical as
 23

Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) points out. Vinay and Darbelnet identify two general

translation strategies;direct translation and oblique translation. in both two

strategies, they consist of seven procedures which direct translation covers three

procedures: borrowing, calque, and literal translation, and oblique translation

covers four procedures: transposition, modulation, equivalence (or idiomatic

translation) and adaptation. The seven procedures are as follows:

.2.2.1 Borrowing

In this procedure, the SL word is transmitted directly to the TL. This

procedure covers words such as the Russian rouble, datcha, the later glasnost, and

perestroika, that are used in English and other languages to fill a semantic gap in

the TL. Furthermore, in languages with differing scripts, borrowing necessitates

an additional need for transcription, as in the borrowings of mathematical,

scientific and other terms from Arabic into Latin and, later, other languages.

.2.2.2 Calque

Vinay and Darbelnet (1995, pp. 32-33) state that calque is a special kind of

borrowing where the SL expression or structure is transmitted in a literal

translation. For example, the French calque science-fiction for the English. In

addition, they note that both borrowings and calques often become completely

integrated into the TL, even if sometimes with some semantic change, which can

turn them into false friends.

 24

.2.2.3 Literal Translation

Literal translation, as Vinay and Darbelnet explain, is a word-for-word

translation that is described as being most common between languages of the

same family and culture. Moreover, a literal translation is the authors' formula for

a good translation. Thereto, for what is grammatical, syntactic or pragmatic

reasons, the translator might judge literal translation to be unacceptable.

.2.2.4 Transposition

Transposition, as Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) mention, is an alteration of

one part of speech for another without changing the meaning. Transposition can

be obligatory and optional (p. 94). Furthermore, a transposition is seen as

probably the most general structural alteration undertaken by translators.

.2.2.5 Modulation

Modulation is a procedure that is given a justification when, even if a

literal, or even transposed, translation results in a grammatically true remark, it is

taken into account infelicitous, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL.

.2.2.6 Idiomatic Translation

The term equivalence or idiomatic translation is used to refer to cases

where the same situation through different stylistic or structural means is

described by languages. This procedure is especially worthwhile in translating

idioms and proverbs.

 25

.2.2.7 Adaptation

Adaptation is a procedure that involves the change of the cultural reference

in a case that there is no existence of the source culture in the target culture. In

this procedure, the translators have to create a new situation that can be taken into

account as being equivalent. Furthermore, adaptation can be delineated as a

special kind of equivalence, a situational equivalence.

.3 Google Translate

Google Translate is the most currently available translation tool which is

widely accessed. Bellos (2012) points out that, as the huge amount of data it has,

Google Translate is very well-developed translation tool thatfairly frequently has

acceptable production of translation to target texts. Nevertheless, he also points

out that both source and target language that Google Translate handles depend

exceptionally on what translation results have been produced in advance to a new

translation attempt. This means that Google Translate obtain cross-reference

between two corpora - that of the source language and that of the target language.

the more similar texts in both languages, the more accurate the translation will be

as it can utilize recurring linguistic bundles in both languages. This, in turn, means

that Google Translate is probably much more reliable when it comes to

translations between the dominant language English and one that is also

frequently used for the same purpose. In other words, it seems more likely to

produce an accurate translation between English and French academic texts, both

languages that have a long tradition of academic genres and a long history of

translated seminal works, than to produce an accurate translation between English

 26

and a language that has not had such an extensive academic text production and

exchange.

.4 Previous Study

The studies of periphrastic causative constructions have received much

attention (Dixon &Aikhenvald, 2000; Gilquin, 2003& 2015; Levshina, Geeraerts,

&Speelman, 2013; Moreno, 1993). The investigations have been undertaken

semantically and syntactically across languages. As Dixon and Aikhenvald (2000)

reported in investigating English periphrastic causatives in Macushi and Canela-

Kraho, they found that cause In Macushi is marked for its function in the

subordinate clause; and in English, it is marked for its function in the main clause

(the clause with the causative verb); and in Canela-Kraho, it is marked for both of

these. Furthermore, a study conducted by Moreno (1993) reported that some

languages such as Korean, Tamil, Telugu, Indonesian, Jacaltec, Modern Greek

and Thai frequently form the periphrastic causative with make. Similar to Moreno,

the investigation of Gilquin (2008) found that French only has faire as the

counterpart of make. The studies above reported causatives in semantic and

syntactic analysis. However, those analytical studies are inseparable from the role

of translation. By analyzing the forms of periphrastic causatives, the analysis,

indeed, needed to translate the target languages before being translated into

English were subsequently compared.

In relation to Google Translate investigations of its accuracy, there are

several studies undertaken. Ghasemi and Hasemian (2016) undertake a

comparative study of Google Translate translations to find errors of English to

 27

Persian and the other way around. Another study of Google Translate application

was conducted to assess its quality in translating six different text types which

comprise Afrikaans to English and the other way around (Van Rensburg, Snyman,

Lotz, 2012). Furthermore, the study on Google Translate was conducted to know

the ability of Google Translate in translating error-free text.

The studies of causatives have and get regarding translation across

languages indirectly have been generally conducted in the previous literature.

Specifically, Gilquin (2003) conducts have and get directly in relation to the

corpus. Nevertheless, the comparative study of causative haveand get with

machine translator, especially with Google Translate, have not been found. This

study might be the first in investigating a translation of causative have and get

with Google Translate in English to Indonesian.

28
 CHAPTER III

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the theoretical framework, research approach,

source of data, the method of data collection, and the procedure of data analysis.

Firstly, the theoretical framework deals with the framework that is used to analyze

the data. Secondly, the research approach deals with the method of the study.

Thirdly, the method of data collection deals with how the data are collected.

Lastly, the procedure of data analysis deals with how to analyze the data collected

to answer the research problems.

.5 Theoretical Framework

This study has two purposes in relation to the translation of machine and

human translation and their strategies. To accomplish both purposes, there are two

frameworks used. The first framework is to analyze the translation of machine and

human translation, and the second framework is to analyze the strategies used.

The first objective is to know whether Google Translatewas able to

translate English causative get and have causatively into Indonesian compared to

the product of human translation. To know both Google Translate translation and

human translation translated causatively into Indonesian, the analysis of causative

form itself was grounded according to the exposition of Sneddon et all (2010) and

Arka (1993). They explain that causative form could simply in the form of a

transitive verb which denotes that the subject causes another person to do the

29
action on the object. The form of Indonesian causative verb mostly begins with

prefix me,

30
 31

and ends with affix -kan such as;men-cuci-kan(to wash),mem-bawa-kan (to

bring), me-yakin-kan (to convince), etc. Some occur with prefix me- and ends

with -I such as mem-berkat-i(to bless) and me-n(t)emu-i(to meet). Besides,

Indonesian causatives also occur regularly with passive verbs which is preceded

with prefix -di or -ter such as di-risau-kan (be worried about) and ter-tangkap (be

caught).

The second objective is to know how Google Translate translation and

human translation translate causative form by analyzing the strategies used. The

analysis is grounded according to Newmark’s (1988) procedures of translation.

There are 14 out of 18 procedures that were used in this study namely;

transference, naturalization, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, synonymy,

through-translation, shifts or transposition, modulation, recognized translation,

compensation, paraphrase, couplets, and notes, additions, glosses.

.5.1 Transference

According to Newmark (1988), transference is the process of

transliterating SL words to TL words as the form of ‘loan word’ or borrowing.

The example from English to Indonesian is the word music to musik.

.5.2 Naturalization

Newmark defines Naturalization is a procedure which supersedes

transference and adapts the SL word-initially to the normal pronunciation, then to

the normal morphology of the TL. For example; the word substitution in English

to which is translated into substitusiin Indonesian.

 32

.5.3 Cultural Equivalent

A cultural equivalent is a procedure used to translate SL cultural words

which has limited and inaccurate meaning in TL word, but it can be used in

general texts. For example; the word cattle in English and the word ternakin

Indonesian.

.5.4 Functional Equivalent

This procedure is the form of generalizing cultural words and more

accurate than the cultural equivalent. The example of the translation from English

into Indonesian is the word toaster which is translated into pemanggang roti in

Indonesian.

.5.5 Descriptive Equivalent

Newmark (1988) defines descriptive equivalent is a procedure which is

sometimes scaled against function. The word appetizer in English is translated

into Indonesian as makananpembuka yang disajikandenganporsikecil,

atauhidanganpembangkitseleramakansebelummakananutamadisajikan. The

function is to stimulate or merangsangone’s appetite.

.5.6 Synonymy

This procedure is used in the sense of a near the equivalence of TL. The

example of synonymy is the translation of agood person to be orang baikin

Indonesian.
 33

.5.7 Through Translation

The function of through translation is similar to transference, yet its

function is used to translate collocations, names of organizations, the component

of compounds, and possibly phrases. For example; the phrase English Study

Program is translated to be Program Studi Bahasa Inggris.

.5.8 Shift or Transpositions

A shift or transposition term is taken from Catford (1915) and Vinay and

Darbelnet (1995). Newmark (1988) defines shifts or transpositions as a translation

procedure which involve an alteration in the grammar from SL to TL for instance;

the change from singular to plural, the change required when SL structure does

not exist in the TL, and the change of SL verbs to TL words. For example;in the

years to come from English to be di tahun-tahunmendatang.

.5.9 Modulation

According to Newmark (1988), modulation occurs when the translator

reproduces the message of TL original text in conformity with the current norms

of the TL, due to SL and TL might seem dissimilar in terms of point of view. For

example;I have broken my arm is translated to be tangankupatah(my arm is

broken).

.5.10 Recognized Translation

Newmark (1988) defines this procedure as a translation procedure used to

translate institutional terms such as EU which is translated to be Uni Eropa.

 34

.5.11 Compensation

This procedure is used to translate SL when the loss of meaning, sound

effect, metaphor or pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence is complemented in

another part. For example;a couple of is translated as sepasang.

.5.12 Paraphrase

This kind of procedure is the longer version of descriptive equivalent

which involves an explanation of the meaning of the text. Newmark claims that

this procedure is used in an anonymous text when it is poorly written, or it has

essential implications and omissions.

.5.13 Couplets

Newmark claims that this procedure is the combination of two procedures

such as recognized translation and descriptive equivalent.

.6 Research Approach

The approach of this study is a qualitative approach. Since the data of the

research are text-based, according to Creswell (2012), the approach in connection

with the data which are collected in a form of text database typically uses a

qualitative approach. Furthermore, Creswell (20112) added that in the qualitative

study, rather than using statistics, the data analyzed are words to describe a central

phenomenon in a study. Furthermore, the result of the study is a form of causative

constructions analysis that needs description and interpretation. Thus, the

qualitative approach can be best used in this research as the data mostly deals with

text and description.

 35

.7 Source of Data

The data of this study are taken from six novels of English namely; A Tale

of Two Cities, Pride and Prejudice, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the

King, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, The Lord of the Rings: The

Fellowship of the Ring and Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stones, which have

been translated into Indonesian. There are 100 sentences which consist of

causative verbs have and get with present and past forms, and active and passive

voices. The detail of the novels is as follows:

Table 3.1 The Sources of Data

Source Text Translated Text
Title Autho Publica Pa Title Translator Publica Pa
r tion ge tion ge
A Tale Charl Chapm 34 A Tale of ReinithaLasmana Qanita 50
of two es an and 1 two Cities 0
Cities Dicke Hall
ns
Pride Jane T. 58 Pride and BerlianiMantiliNu Qanita 58
and Austi Egerto 5 Prejudice grahani 5
Prejudi n n,
ce White
Hall
The J. R. Allen 47 The Lord Gita Yuliani K PT 51
Lord of R. & 9 of the Grame 2
the Tolki Unwin Rings: dia
Rings: en Sembilan Pustak
The PembawaC a
Fellow incin Utama
ship of
the
Rings
The J. R. Allen 34 The Lord Martin Dima PT 52
Lord of R. & 7 of the Grame 0
the Tolki Unwin Rings: dia
Rings: en Kembaliny Pustak
The a Sang a
Return Raja Utama
of the
 36

King
The J. R. Allen 41 The Lord Gita Yuliani K PT 43
Lord of R. & 5 of the Grame 2
the Tolki Unwin Rings: Dua dia
Rings: en Menara Pustak
The a
Two Utama
Towers
Harry J.K. Arthur 22 Harry ListianaSrisanti PT 38
Potter Rowl Levine 3 Potter dan Grame 4
and the ing Books Batu dia
Sorcere Bertuah Pustak
r’s a
Stone Utama

.8 The Method of Data Collection

The data were the source texts and the translated ones in the form of

causative constructions conceiving causative verbs have and get which included

their past forms from six English novels and their translations in Indonesian. The

total of the constructions collected respectively from both English and Indonesian

novels were 100 constructions. Both English and Indonesian novels were needed

to tackle two research questions in relation to the ability of Google Translate and

human translators and the translation of causative constructions, and to know what

strategies used by Google Translate and human translators in translating causative

constructions from English into Indonesian.

To answer the first research question, the researcher needed causative

constructions from English and their translations in Indonesian as the data. Firstly,

the sources of the data were English and Indonesian novels. Subsequently, the

researcher sought constructions conceiving causative have, had, get, and got. The
 37

search for the data was undertaken by selecting as many causative verbs found as

possible. Therefore, constructions that consisted of causative have were the

greatest causative verbs collected for it was the most frequently used by the

authors of the novels. After that, the constructions from English and the

translation from Indonesian novels were grouped based on their category in have,

had, get,and got. Eventually, the constructions from English novels were

translated into Indonesian by using Google Translate to get the data from its

translations.

To answer the second research question, the data needed were the same

constructions in relation to the first research-question data. The collection of the

data was also undertaken similarly. However, the data collected dealing with the

second research question were merely from Indonesian novels, as the translation

of causative constructions from English into Indonesian, and the translation of

English causative constructions undergone by Google Translate. Thus, the data

collected to answer the second research question were the translation in

Indonesian and which were undertaken by Google Translate from English.

.9 The Procedure of Data Analysis

After the data were collected based on the needs of research problems, the

next step was to analyze them to answer the first and the second research

questions. The analysis of the first research question was to know whether

humans and Google Translate were able to translate English causative

constructions conceiving have, had, get,and got into Indonesian. Subsequently,

the analysisrelated to the second research question was undertaken to know what
 38

strategies used by human translators and Google Translate in translating causative

constructions.

To answer the first research question, the data analysis was begun from the

translation of Indonesian translators in translating causative English constructions

causatively into Indonesian. The result of the analysis was the translation of

constructions in causative forms in Indonesian. This was aimed to analyze

whether human translators were able to translate English construction. Secondly,

the data analysis was undertaken to the translation of Google Translate from the

data obtained from English novels. The analysis focused on the translation of

causative constructions from English whether they were translated correctly into

Indonesian causative.

To answer the second research question, the analysis of the data focused

on the translation of causative constructions into Indonesian undertaken by human

translators and Google Translate to know what strategies used. The analysis was

undergone by seeing the source language (ST) and target language (TT). The

result of the translation in TT then was analyzed by using Newmark’s translation

strategies to humanand Google Translate.

 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter comprises two main parts namely findings and discussions.

These two parts are divided into several parts in relation to the purposes of this

study which are provided in the form of answers to two research questions. The

finding part consists of the collection of obtained data of the data analysis process.

Meanwhile, the discussion part is the interpretation of data analysis.

.10 Findings

The data in relation to the translation of humans and Google Translatein

translating causative constructions comprise two results. The first result of the

analysis isregarding whether Google Translatewas able to translate the causative

constructions successfully from English causative construction into Indonesian

causative construction. The second result of the analysis isin connection with what

strategies that were applied by Google Translate and humans in the translation of

causative constructions. Furthermore, the data obtained in relation to the first

research question are presented in the translation product of Google Translate.

Meanwhile, the data of the second research question are presented in strategies

used by Google Translate and strategies used by humans. In addition, the

interpretation of the data collection is in the discussion section.

39
 40

.10.1 The Result of Translation by Google Translate

In the process of analyzing data of causative constructions from six novels

in English, Google Translate was examined to translate 100 constructions, which

consisted of have, had, get, and got. All those constructions were translated from

English into Indonesian to know whether Google Translatewas able to translate

them causatively. By using the framework explained by Sneddon et al (2010)

andArka (1993), the general data were obtained as follows:

Table 4.1 The Total of Causative Constructions Translated by Google

Google Translate
Translated in Causative Form Translated in non-causative Forms
88 12

As shown in the table, one hand, the total of causative constructions translated

causatively by Google Translatefrom English into Indonesian was 88 sentences

that consisted of have, had, get, and got. On the other hand, the total of

constructions that were translated in non-causative form is 12 constructions. The

greatest causative verb used in the constructions selected in this study is have.

There are 58 constructions that use have, 21 constructions of had, 16

constructions of get, and 5 construction of got.In this case, active and passive

forms were involved in the process of the translation as the construction of

causatives have and get are followed not only by effect (the event performed by

the causee) in active forms, but also in passive voice (Gilquin, 2003).

Specifically, the total of constructions that were translated in causative and

non-causative form is various.

 41

Table 4.2 The Translation of English Causative in Active Effects into

Indonesian
Active Effect
Translated in Causative Translated in Non-causative
26 5
Have Had Get Got Have Had Get Got
16 2 6 2 4 1 - -

As shown in the table above, there are 26 causative constructions with active

effect in English consisting of 16 constructions with have, 2 constructions with

had, 6 constructions with get, and 2 constructions with got which were translated

in causative forms into Indonesian. Meanwhile, there are only 5 causative

constructions with active effects in English consisting of 4 constructions with have

and a construction of had,which were translated in non-causative form into

Indonesian as shown below:

Table 4.3 The Translation of English Causative followed by Passive Effects into
Indonesian
Passive Effect
Translated in Causative Translated in non-causative
62 7
Have Had Get Got Have Had Get Got
32 17 10 3 6 1 - -

Comparatively, there are 62 causative constructions with passive effects in English

consisting of 32 constructions with have, 17 constructions with had, 10

constructions with get, and 3 constructions with gotwhich were translated

causatively into Indonesian. Meanwhile, there are 7 causative constructions with

 42

passive effect in English consisting of 6 constructions with have and 1

construction with had that were translated in non-causative form into Indonesian.

.10.1.1 Constructions Translated Causatively

Google Translateproduced 88 out of 100 translations (see table 4.1) of

English causativewhich resultedin Indonesian causative forms.The complicity of

active and passive voice of effect in the translation is also taken into account for

they seem to affect the result of the translation that is conversed about in the

discussion part.Some results of the translation are inthe following excerpt:

Excerpt 1

English causative(Source Text)

she entertained herself, besides, with such humane achievements as
sentencing a youth to have his tongue torn out with pincers.

Indonesian causative(Target Text)

diamenghiburdirinyasendiridenganprestasimanusiawisepertimenghukums
eorangpemudaagar lidahnyadicabik-cabik.

This excerpt shows that the source text (ST) is in a causative form which is also

translated by Google Translate in the form of causative into target text (TT). The

construction from ST(to have his tongue torn out) involving causative have which

is followed by passive effect(torn out) is also translated in passive form (dicabik-

cabik) in TT (agar lidahnyadicabik-cabik). Besides that, Google Translate also

translated the construction causatively from passive effect in ST to active effect in

TT as follows:
 43

Excerpt 2

English causative (Source Text)

he could but dimly discern the others who were brought there to have
their arms bound

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Diadapatdengansamar-samarmelihat yang lain yang
dibawakesanauntukmengikattanganmereka.

As shown above, Google Translate translated the construction causatively from

the passive form in ST (to have their arms bound), which is followed by causative

have,into an active form in TT (untukmengikattanganmereka [to tie their arms]).

In addition, the translation of construction containing have which is translated

causatively also includes active to active in the following excerpt:

Excerpt 3

English causative (Source Text)

You will not have us slay wild beasts for no purpose

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Anda tidakakanmembiarkan kami membunuhbinatangbuastanpatujuan

The translation from Google Translateof the excerpt above shows that causative

construction of have is translated causativelyfrom ST (have us slay) which is in

the form of active effect, to TT (kami membunuh [we kill]) which is in the form of

active effect as well. In this case, the translation from ST results in causative -

kanin TT which indicates morphological causative (mem-biar-kan [to let]) that

lets the causeekill. Therefore, the translation of have constructions translated by

Google Translate from ST to TT which are translated causatively involvesactive

to passive, passive to passive, and passive to active.

 44

The result of constructions translated causatively that Google

Translatetranslated comprise not only have constructions, but also its past form

had. From 21 constructions of had obtained, there are only 19 translations that

were translated causatively. The translation resulted the shifts from ST to TT in

the form of active to active, passive to passive, and passive to active as follows:

Excerpt 4

English causative (Source Text)

Your leechcraft ere long would have had me walking on all fours like a
beast

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Leechcraft Anda
selamainiakanmembuatsayaberjalanmerangkaksepertibinatangbuas

The excerpt above shows that the translation of hadundertaken by Google

Translate was translated causatively from ST which is in the form of active effect

(walking) to be active as well in TT (berjalan). In this case, the causing event

(leechcraft) makes the causeewalk which indicates periphrastic causative.

Google Translatealso produced the translation of causative get from ST to

TT. There are 16 constructions of causative get that Google Translate translates

from ST to TT in causative form, which means that all construction selected is

entirely translated causatively as the following excerpt:

Excerpt 5

English causative (Source Text)

They could not get him to say more

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Merekatidakbisamembuatnyabicaralebihbanyak
 45

The construction from ST to TT is translated from the active-to-active effect and

does not shift its causation. The causative constructionfrom ST (get him to say) is

translated causatively in periphrastic causative into TT (membuatnyabicara [to

make him say]). In this case, the data taken are only the form of a causative chunk

out all meaning of the phrase or sentence. Furthermore, Google Translate also

produced the translation in the causative form that occurred from ST to TT as

follows:

Excerpt 6

English causative (Source Text)

he came to the conclusion that it would be as well to get all the
preliminaries done

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

diasampai pada
kesimpulanbahwasebaiknyamenyelesaikansemuapersiapan

The translation result in excerpt 6 shows that Google Translate was able to

translate a construction of get from English into Indonesian causatively, and it

was also able to make the construction from the passive form in English (get all

preliminaries done) to be active form in Indonesian

(menyelesaikansemuapersiapan [to finish all preliminaries]).

The last construction translated by Google Translate is gotwhich was

involved in the examination of Google Translate in translating the past form of get

to know the translation of causative in terms of tense translation in the relation of

causative from English into Indonesian, and to enrich data analysis. Nevertheless,

the translation of got only occurred 5 times as the total of its form. In this case, the
 46

author only found 5 constructions comprising got in all novels collected as the

sources of data. Google Translate product of the translation is as follows:

Excerpt 7

English causative (Source Text)

she went and got herself blown up

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

diapergi dan membuatdirinyameledak

The excerpt shows that Google Translate was able to translate the causative

construction of had from English (got herself blown up) which also resulted in

causative form in Indonesian (membuatdirinyameledak [make herself blown up]).

The form translated into Indonesian is periphrastic causative where the causing

event (dia) causes the causee (dirinya) to receive the effect (meledak).

.10.1.2 Constructions Translated in non-causative Form

The causative forms obtained from 100 constructions which were

translated by Google Translate from several English novels which resulted in 12

non-causative constructions in Indonesian. All these constructions were from have

and had constructions. Meanwhile, all constructions of get and gotwere translated

causatively. The data excerpts are as follows:

Excerpt 8

English causative (Source Text)

Earendilhad himself come down

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Earendilsendiriturun
 47

The construction from ST which has causative had was translated in the non-

causative form to Indonesian where the translation of

Earendilsendiriturun(Earendil himself came down) is acceptable semantically in

Indonesian. Yet, the construction is not in the causative form. The translation

which might be possible as the causative form in Indonesian is

Earendilmenurukandirinyasendiriwhich has the meaning in English to beEarendil

bring down himself. However, menurunkandirinyasendiri(bring down himself) in

Indonesian is odd as to bring a body down is usually undertaken by with

assistance (except the subject might use a tool).

.10.2 The Result of Translation by Human

The data analysis of human translation taken from English novels and

Indonesian novels result in two kinds of constructions. The first type of

translation results in causative constructions and the second type of the translation

results in non-causative constructions. These two kinds of data are analyzed from

100 constructions taken from 6 English novels and their translations in Indonesian

novels. the constructions analyzed consist of causative have, had, get, and got.

However, the most constructions found are the constructions comprising have

which means the most constructions analyzed are the constructions with have. The

total of causative and non-causative constructions is as follows:

Table 4.4 The Total of Causative and Non-causative Translations by Human

Human Translation
Translated in Causative Translated in non-causative
72 28
 48

As shown in the table, the constructions translated in causative forms are 72

constructions, and the constructions translated in non-causative forms are 28

constructions.

The translation of causative and non-causative constructions,

subsequently, is also analyzed based on the category of active and passive

formsfrom the source text (ST). It is found that active and passive forms affect

how humans translated the constructions into the target text (TT). Based on the

analysis, one hand, the passive constructions in ST are mostly translated in

causative forms in TT. On the other hand, the active constructions in ST are

translated fewer in causative forms.

Table 4.5 The Translation of English Causative by Human

Human
Active Passive
Translated in Translated in non- Translated in Translated in non-
causative causative causative causative
20 11 52 17

As shown in the table, the total of the constructions translated from passive

sentences in ST is 52 constructions, while the translation of non-causative forms

is 17 constructions. Furthermore, the translation of active forms results in 20

causative constructions and 11 non-causative constructions in TT. To conclude,

the translation of causative constructions undertaken by humans from English into

Indonesian could be affected by active and passive voice as the effect.

 49

.10.2.1 Construction Translated causatively

The translation of causative constructions from English into Indonesian is

affected by the active and passive voice. One of the results is that the

constructions are translated causatively in TT. Furthermore, it is found that the

translation of causative constructions from English which comprise passive voice

results in more causative constructions in Indonesian rather than the translation of

causative constructions which comprise active voice. The constructions which are

translated causatively consist of all verbs; have, had, get, and got. All these verbs

were translated causatively both of which consist of active and passive voice. In

addition, the most translated constructions causatively are the constructions with

have as it is the verb which is mostly found in this study. The total is as follows:

Table 4.6 The Translation of English Causative by Human into Indonesian

Causative forms
Human
Active Passive
Translated in Causative Form Translated in Causative Form
20 52
Have Had Get Got Have Had Get Got
13 1 5 1 30 11 8 3

As shown in the table, the causative constructions translated from English with an

active voice into Indonesian consist of 13 causative verbs of have, 1 causative

verb of had, 5 causative verbs of get, and 1 causative verb of got. Whereas, the

causative constructions translated from English with a passive voice into

Indonesian consist of 30 causative verbs of have, 11 causative verbs of had, 8

causative verbs of get, and 3 causative verbs of got. The translation of have with

active voice is as follows:

 50

Excerpt 9

English causative (Source Text)

I do really wish to destroy it!' cried Frodo. 'Or, well, to have it destroyed

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Akubenar-benaringinmenghancurkannya!” seru Frodo. “Atau, yah,
menyuruhmenghancurkannya

As shown in excerpt 9, the English causative construction comprising have with

passive voice is translated causatively into Indonesian to make the translation of

have is acceptable. Due to the meaning of the word have has general translation in

Indonesian as memiliki(to possess), and has various meaning as causative form

(which is commonly translated as to ask or command someone or something to do

something), thus the translator translated causatively the construction to avoid the

oddity of the translation as the general one (to possess).

The translation of other constructions from English comprising causative

verbs such as had also resultsin causative form in Indonesian. It was translated

from English with the passive voice as follows:

Excerpt 10

English causative (Source Text)

He called for Merry and had a seat set for him at his side

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Iamemanggil Merry dan memerintahkannya duduk di sampingnya.

The phrase had a seat set for him at his side is translated to be memerintahkan(to

command)to make the translation acceptable in Indonesian. It is affected by the

existence of passive voice in ST for the construction could not be translated

literally which might cause oddity in TT.

 51

The constructions comprising causative get are also translated causatively

into Indonesian. The translation is as follows:

Excerpt 11

English causative (Source Text)

They could not get him to say

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Merekatakbisamemaksanyamengatakanlebihdariitu

As shown in excerpt 11, the phrase of get him to say is translated causatively in

TT to be memaksanyamengatakan(to force him to say). Generally, the word get is

translated mendapatkan(to obtain). Nevertheless, the translator translated the

causative verb in the constructionto result in acceptable translation.

In the translation of constructions which are translated causatively,

causative got is also translated with the influence of active and passive voice. The

result of the translation is as follows:

Excerpt 12

English causative (Source Text)

There, Monseigneur turned, and came back again, and so in due course of
time got himself shut up in his sanctuary by the chocolate sprites

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Paduka berbalik, berjalankembalikekamarnya yang mahakudus,
menguncidiribersama para malaikatpenyajicokelat

The translation of construction comprising causative get,in this case, results in

different volitionality. The translator translated causative get followed by passive

voice into Indonesian causativeas the causer andcausee at the same time, while the

causative construction in ST has different volitional causer with the construction

 52

in TT. The volitional causer in TT is also as the causee, while the volitional causer

in ST is chocolate sprites.

.10.2.2 Construction Translated in non-causative

The translation of constructions which are translated in non-causative form

consists of have, had, get, and got. The existence of active and passive voice does

not much affect the shift of the translation, yet, they still affect the translation

process. It can be seen from the total of the constructions translated is as follows:

Table 4.7 The Translation of English Causative by Human to Indonesian

Non-causative forms
Human
Active Passive
Translated in Non-causative Translated in Non-causative
11 17
Have Had Get Got Have Had Get Got
7 2 1 1 8 7 2 -

As shown in the table, the total of constructions consisting of causative have with

the active voices which are translated in the non-causative forms in Indonesian is

7 constructions. Furthermore, constructions consisting of had is 2,get is 1, and got

is 1. Whereas, constructions with passive voice are translated with 8 causatives

have, 7 causatives had, and 2 causatives get. There is no translation undertaken by

humans with causative got.

One translation of causative construction from English into Indonesian

into non-causative construction as follows:

Excerpt 13

English causative (Source Text)

you would have us retreat to Minas Tirith
 53

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

maksudmukitaharusmundurke Minas

As shown in excerpt 13, the translationof have us retreat from ST in English is as

causative construction. It is translated to be harusmundur(must retreat) in TT

which results in non-causative form. In this translation, the word munduris not

initiated by causer which results in an effect to the causer.

.10.3 Strategies used by Google Translate

This section presents the data of strategies used by Google Translate

regarding the second research question which is aimed to know the comparison

between Google Translate translation and human translation in relation to

strategies used in translating causative constructions. The framework used to

analyze the strategies is according to Newmark’s (1988) translation procedures.

Through the analysis, the researcher found that there are three strategies used by

Google Translate in translating English causative constructions to Indonesian

causative constructions namely; modulation, through translation, and couplets.

Figure 4.1 Strategies used by Google Translate

 54

As shown above, the most widely used strategy by Google Translateis modulation

which amounts to 66 procedures. The second most strategy used is through

translation which amounts to 31 procedures. The least strategy used is couplets

which amount to 3 procedures. All strategies occurred in all types of causative

constructions: have, had, get, and got. However, they merely occurred entirely in

causative constructions which are translated with causative have. The possibility

of this occurrence seemed to be affected by the number of the constructions

collected given to causative haveis the most widely found from 6 novels selected

by the researcher in this study.

.10.3.1 Modulation

Modulation, as the most widely used strategy by Google Translate,

occurred at most in translating causative constructions which were translated from

the passive form in English. There are 50 modulations that occurred in translating

passive causative constructions from ST which consist of all investigated

causative verbs in this study. The application of modulation procedure in passive

causative constructions occurred 23 times in causative have, 15 times in causative

had, 9 times in causative get, and 3 times in causative got as shown in the

following figure:

Figure 4.2 Modulation in Passive Causative Constructions

 55

The application of modulation procedure occurred in causative constructions

conceiving have is shown as follows:

Excerpt 9

English causative (Source Text)

he could but dimly discern the others who were brought there to have
their arms bound

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Diadapatdengansamar-samarmelihat yang lain yang
dibawakesanauntukmengikattanganmereka

Google Translate was able to translate the construction from English into

Indonesian by applying a procedure which was considered as modulation. As seen

in excerpt 9, the shift occurred from passive form (to have their arms bound) in

ST to active form in TT (untukmengikattanganmereka [to tie their arms]).The

word mengikat(to tie) is a causative verb which derives from lemma ikat and a

prefix me-. As Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) explained, the alteration in the

translation is active<>passive modulation. Another translation also occurred with

 56

causative have which translated the construction from passive to active form as

follows:

Excerpt 10

English causative (Source Text)

you must not have it taken

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Anda tidakharusmengambilnya

The construction from ST (have it taken) is in the passive form and is categorized

in active<>passive type of modulation. Google Translate proceeded the

translation from a passive form (have it taken) to be an active form in TT

(mengambilnya [take it]). The word mengambil(to take) is a causative verb from

the lemma ambil(take) and a prefix me-. The translation from excerpt 10 isas the

same as in the excerpt 9 due to the similarity of active<>passive modulationin

translation.

Moreover, modulation also occurred in all types of causative constructions

which were translated from active voice in English. There is a 16-time occurrence

in the translation of active causative constructions which were undertaken by

Google Translate. In addition, the number of translations results in active

causative construction is lesser than the passive ones. It is because the most widel

data collected from the novels are in the passive causative constructions.

The application of modulation procedure in active causative constructions

occurred 6 times in causative have, 2 times in causative had, 6 time in causative

get, and 2 times in causative got as shown in the following figure:

 57

Figure 4.3 Modulation in active causative constructions

Have and Get, in active causative constructions,are the constructions translated

mostly with modulation with the same occurrence. Correspondingly,Had and Got

also have the same modulation occurrence. The modulation occurs in the

translation from ST to TT as follows:

Excerpt 11

English causative (Source Text)

I’llhave this out with you

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Akuakanmembicarakaninidenganmu

Vinay and Darbelnetexplained that this kind of modulation refers to the shift of

abstract to concrete which change have this out (abstract) to be

membicarakanini[to talk this](concrete). Furthermore, modulation also occurred

in active causative constructions conceiving hadwhich was translated into

Indonesian as follows:
 58

Excerpt 12

English causative (Source Text)

Your leechcraft ere long would have had me walking on all fours like a
beast

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Leechcraft Anda
selamainiakanmembuatsayaberjalanmerangkaksepertibinatangbuas

The construction in excerpt 12 shows that had in ST is followed by present

participle (walking) which includes active causative construction. Modulation

strategy occurred in this construction by changing the form of present participle

which is literally translated sedang(which indicates something

happening)berjalan(walk) in Indonesian.Thus, this kind of modulation includes

the alteration of abstract<>concrete.

.10.3.2 Through Translation

The second strategy found in the translation of causative constructions

which was undertaken by Google Translate was through translation. This strategy

is used in translating a clause or phrase from ST to TT as it is. The occurrence of

this strategy takes place in the translation of constructions conceiving causative

have, had, and get. Meanwhile, it did not occur in the translation of constructions

that conceive causative got. In addition, the occurrence mostly takes place in the

translation of constructions conceiving have. The second greatest occurrence takes

place in the translation of construction comprising had, and followed by get as the

third greatest occurrence as follows:

Figure 4.4 Through translation strategy occurrence

 59

As shown above, the occurrence of through translation in constructions

conceiving have is 26 times. The second one is constructions conceiving had

which comprise 4 occurrences, and the third one is a construction with causative

get which has 1 occurrence. The translation is as follows:

Excerpt 13

English causative (Source Text)

Miss Pross, whether it is good for Doctor Manetteto have that
suppression always shut up within him

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Miss Pross, apakahbaikbagiDokterManetteuntukmemilikipenindasan
yang selalutertutupdalamdirinya

As shown in excerpt 13, a phrase to have that suppression always shut up is

translated with through translation to be untuk[to]memliki

[have]penindasan[suppression] yang selalu[selalu]tertutup[shut up] into

Indonesian. This kind of translation in Indonesian is less acceptable because the

 60

meaning is a bit odd and less communicative.Another translation undergone by

Google Translate in which it translated a causative construction conceiving have

is as follows:

Excerpt 14

English causative (Source Text)

Wait for nothing but to have my place occupied

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Tungguapa-apaselainmemilikitempatsayaditempati

In the translation from English into Indonesian, to have my place occupied is in

the form of passive causative construction which is translated to be memiliki[to

have]tempat[place]saya[my]ditempati[occupied] as passive causative construction

as well. The meaning of the translation is also less meaningful due to the possible

translation which is acceptable should be

untuk[to]menempati[occupy]tempat[place]saya[my]. Furthermore, the occurrence

of through translation also took place in the construction comprising had as

follows:

Excerpt 15

English causative (Source Text)

The Lord of the City had beacons built on the tops of outlying hills

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Lord of the City memilikisuar yang dibangun di atasbukit yang terpencil

The translation of Google Translate, in this case, translated a construction

conceiving causative hadfrom English into Indonesian by applying through

translation. It can be seen in the translation of had beacons built to be

 61

memiliki[had] beacons [suar] built [yang dibangun]. The word beacons which is

in the form of the plural is not translated in Indonesian equivalence as suar-suar.

Thus, shift was not applied in this case.

.10.3.3 Couplets

The third strategy found in the translation of causative construction which

was undertaken by Google Translate was couplets. This strategy is a combination

of two strategies or more to translate a phrase or clause. The occurrence of

couplets merely took place in causative constructions which conceived have. The

use of couplets by Google Translateis in the following excerpt:

Excerpt 16

English causative (Source Text)

It had evidently been a great distress to him, to have the days of his
imprisonment recalled

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Jelassekaliitumerupakankesusahanbesarbaginya, untukmengingathari-
haripemenjaraannya

As shown in excerpt 16, couplets were detected in the translation of clause to have

the days of his imprisonment recalled into untuk[to]mengingat[recall]hari-

hari[days]pemenjaraannya[imprisonment]. The combination of the strategies in

couplets consists of shift and modulation. One hand, the occurrence of shifttakes

place in the change of plural form of days in English is translated into hari-hariin

Indonesian. On the other hand, the occurrence of modulation takes place in the

alteration of passive form, which refers to the word recalled in English, to the

active form, which refers to the word mengingat [to recall] in Indonesian. In
 62

addition, the word mengingat derives from lemma ingat[remember] and a prefix

men(g) commonly considered as a prefix which could indicate causative sign

depending on the context.

.10.4 Strategies used by Humans

The analysis of the data from six novels results that there is more than one

strategy applied in the translation of causative constructions in relation to the

strategies used by humans from English into Indonesian. It was found that there

were three strategies used by humans in translating causative construction

conceiving have, had, get, and gotfrom English into Indonesian. One hand, two

strategies are the same as Google Translate applied to. On the other hand, there is

one different strategy applied in human translation. As has been mention, there are

three strategies applied in human translation,namely;modulation, couplets and

reduction. In addition, there are 95 times of occurrence of modulation strategy as

the greatest strategy applied in the translation. Subsequently, the rest two

strategies are followed by reduction which consists of 4 times of occurrence, and

couplets which consists of 1 time of occurrence.

.10.4.1 Modulation

The occurrence of modulation strategy in the translation of causative

constructions undertaken by humans took place in the constructions conceiving

have, had, get and got. Modulation occurs in the constructions conceiving have

consists of 53 occurrences, 21 occurrences in the constructions conceiving had, 16

occurrences in the constructions conceiving get, and 5 occurrences in the

 63

constructions conceiving got. The translation occurred by applying modulation of

the constructions comprising haveis as follows:

Excerpt17

English causative (Source Text)

you will of course wish to have your humble respects delivered to them

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

kalian tentusajaakanmenyampaikan rasa hormatdarilubukhati yang
terdalamuntukmereka

As shown in excerpt 17, the translation from English (have your humble respects

delivered) is translated in Indonesian (menyampaikan rasa hormatdarilubukhati

yang terdalam) with modulation. Modulation, in this construction, is considered as

the strategy appliedbecause of the existence of passive form in English which is

translated into active form into Indonesian.

Moreover, modulation also occurs in constructions comprising had. There

are 21 occurrences of modulation is the construction conceiving hadas follows:

Excerpt 18

English causative (Source Text)

Your leechcraft ere long would have had me walking on all fours like a
beast

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Sihirmutak lama lagiakanmembuatkuberjalanmemakai kaki dan tangan,
sepertihewan

As shown above, the translation undertaken by humans occurred with modulation

as the strategy. The clause had me walking in ST is translated with modulation to

be membuatkuberjalan which the meaning of had in Indonesian is literally

 64

translated as memiliki. However, it is changed to be membuat which the meaning

in English is make to make the translation acceptable. Therefore, modulation is

applied for the translation occurred from abstract to concrete.

Modulation also occurs in the translation of get which was undergone by

human in translating causative constructions. There are 16 occurrences of the

translation of get as follows:

Excerpt 19

English causative (Source Text)

Though the Doctor tried hard, and never ceased trying, to get Charles
Darnay set at liberty

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

kendatiDokterManetteberusahakerastanpakenallelahagar Charles
dibebaskan

As shown in excerpt 19, the causativegetin English, which is translated literally as

mendapatkanin Indonesian, is translated to be agarinto Indonesian to make

translation acceptable. If the translation from ST to TT occurred directly, it would

not be acceptable or have no sense in Indonesian. In this case, modulation is

applied to abstract translation to be concrete translation.

Besides causative have, had,and get, modulation also occurred in the

construction comprising causative got. The occurrence of this strategy in

causative got takes place for 5 times. It means that the strategy occurs in all

constructions which comprises causative get. The occurrence of modulation is as

follows:

Excerpt 20
 65

English causative (Source Text)

There, Monseigneur turned, and came back again, and so in due course of
time got himself shut up in his sanctuary by the chocolate sprites

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Paduka berbalik, berjalankembalikekamarnya yang mahakudus,
menguncidiribersama para malaikatpenyajicokelat

Excerpt 20 shows that the translation is undertaken with modulation where if the

clause got himself shut up was translated literally from English, it would not be an

acceptable translation in Indonesian. The translation of got and shut up is

transferred to be mengunci(lock) into Indonesian. While, himself is transferred to

be (diri). It is clear that if the translator did not use modulation strategy, the result

of the translation would be odd. Thus, this kind of modulation is the alteration

from abstract to concrete.

.10.4.2 Reduction

The second strategy found in the translation of causative constructions

which was undertaken by human is reduction. This strategy is used in translating a

clause or phrase from ST to TT by reducing a word or more to make the

translation acceptable. The occurrence of this strategy merely takes place 4 times

in the translation of constructions conceiving causative have. It means it does not

occur in the translation of constructions which conceives causative had, get and

got. The occurrence of reduction is as follows:

Excerpt 21

English causative (Source Text)

I would have you command this Warden

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

Akuinginkau memerintahkanPengawas
 66

In the excerpt above, the transfer of causative havefrom English is not undertaken

in the translation into Indonesian. Instead of translating causative have, the

translators omitted it and directly translated the construction into Indonesian for

the translation of the word command has a function in Indonesian as a causative as

well. If causative have was translated, the result of the translation would not be

acceptable in Indonesian as the meaning would be odd.

.10.4.3 Couplets

The third strategy found in the translation of causative constructions which

was undertaken by human is couplets. This strategy is a combination of two

strategies or more to translate a phrase or clause. The occurrence of this strategy

merely takes place 1 time in the translation of constructions conceiving causative

have. The occurrence of couplets is in the following excerpt:

Excerpt 22

English causative (Source Text)

It had evidently been a great distress to him, to have the days of his
imprisonment recalled

Indonesian causative (Target Text)

JelaslahbahwaDokterManettemerasasangattidaknyamanbegitudiingatkan
pada masa-masa yang dihabiskannyadalampenjara

As shown in excerpt 21, the plural form of days from English into Indonesian is

translated with repeated words masa masawhich consists of two words from the

word masa [period]. This translation is considered as the application of shift

which change a word from ST into two words in TT. Furthermore, instead of
 67

translating causative have literally, modulation occurs to avoid abstractness of the

translation to be the concrete one. Therefore, the translation into Indonesian is

begitu [when] to make the translation acceptable.

.11 Discussion

This study has two research questions in relation to the investigation of the

translation of causative constructions conceiving have, had, get, and got. The first

research question is intended to know whether machine translator is able to

translate English causative constructions into Indonesian causative constructions.

To answer the question, Google Translate is the machine translator used due its

ability as the most sophisticated machine translator. Furthermore, the second

research question in this study is related to comparison of strategies used in

translating causative constructions that consist of have, had, get, and got between

Google Translate and humans, or human translation. To answer the question, the

researcher compared the result of the translation between machine translation and

human translation by analyzing the strategies used.

.11.1 Google Translate and Human Translation

In relation to the first research question, Google Translate was used as the

machine translator to examine whether it is able to translate English causative

constructions into Indonesian causative constructions. Besides, human translation

is also as the objective of the first research-question data attributing to the

humans’ ability in translating causative constructions. The data of the analysis of

google and human translation were taken from six English novels which consisted
 68

of causative have, had, get, and got. One hand, the data analysis of Google

Translate where the constructions conceiving causative verbs were translated

from English into Indonesian in order to know the result of the translation in TT.

On the other hand, the data analysis from human translation were undertaken

through two novels which English novels as ST, and Indonesian novels as TT.

From the analysis, it was found that Google Translateis able to translate 88

constructions out of 100 in causative forms. Subsequently,the occurrence of

constructions which are translated causatively from English Into Indonesian is

affected by the existence of both passive and active effects. From 88

constructions, one hand, the constructionswhich are translated causatively occurs

26 times fromcausative verbs which are followed by activeeffects. On the other

hand, the number of the translation affected by passive effect is 62 constructions.

Furthermore, the total of causative construction translated by human in causative

forms affected by active effect is 20, and the total of the constructions affected by

passive effect is 52.

The total of the analysis implies that the existence of effect plays the role

in the translation. According to Levshina et al (2013), there is connection of

meaning in relation to effected predicates or effects in causative translation.

Furthermore, Son and Cole (2008) stated that the translation of constructions with

causative, especiallyhave and get was dependent on the elements in the

construction. Therefore, the translation of causative from English to Indonesian

which was undertaken by Google and human was affected by the elements in the
 69

construction itself, in this case, the constructions translated in this study were

affected mostly by effects; active and passive.

.11.2 The Comparison of Strategies Used

The investigation in relation to the strategies used between human

translation and Google Translate translation as the second research question

shows that the most used strategy is modulation. Modulation strategy, in

translating causative constructions from English which comprise have, had,

get,and got, is both applied by humans and Google Translate. According to

Newmark (1998), modulation occurs to reproduce the message of TL in

conformity with the current norms of the TL, due to SL and TL might seem

dissimilar in terms of point of view. In addition, Vinay and Darblenet (1995)

mention that modulation is applied to avoid infelicitous and awkward translation

in TL. Thus, it seems that, in this case, the application of modulation by both

humans and Google Translate is suitable as according to Arka (1993), the most of

causative construction from English into Indonesian results in morphological

forms to avoid oddity and to be acceptable, which means analytic causatives have

and get are differently translated into SL (Indonesian).

The application of the strategy in the translation of causative constructions

comprising causative have, had, get, and got is not only with modulation. From

the analysis, in human translation, there are two more strategies that are applied in

translating the constructions; they are reduction and couplets. These two strategies

were applied in terms of making the translation acceptable. Reduction,in this case,

occurred a few and merely deals with the translation of causative have. According
 70

to Newmark (1988), it was applied to avoid abstract translation and translated it to

be concrete and acceptable meaning in Indonesian. Meanwhile, couplets occurred

once in terms of translating construction conceiving have. The application of

couplets by humans might be aimed to avoid unclarity in translating plural form

and the translation of causative have which has an unacceptable translation it is

translated literally.Therefore, it is in line according to Van Rensburg, Snyman,

and Lotz (2012) that humans have indigenous capacity for language, diction

knowledge, logic, and capability to correct themselves.

The second two strategies applied were taken from the translation of

Google Translatein translating the constructions. The translation undertaken by

google resulted in a similar strategy as it was undergone by humans. Couplets are

the strategy that is both applied in machine translation and human translation. It

seemed that google could process the translation by changing the plural form in

English into Indonesian and make a meaningful translation of causative have in

Indonesian. Furthermore, one difference in the strategy used between humans and

google is the existence of through translation and reduction. The occurrence of

through translation concludes that Google Translate still has liability in translating

particularconstructions which resultsin less acceptable translation in TT. In this

case, Google still depends on the database they receive (Van Rensburg, Snyman,

&Lotz, 2012).However, the translation still can be acceptable even though it

might need an evaluation from the human. Meanwhile, the occurrence of

reduction concludes that some translation of causative constructions into

Indonesian, especially comprising causative have in which the strategy occurred

 71

(see excerpt 21), merely needs an omission of have itself to make the translation

acceptable.

The analysis of two research questions in relation to analyzing causative

constructions sourced from periphrastic causative have, had, get and got results

some points. Firstly, the findings of the first research problem show that google,

that is considered as the most sophisticated machine translation, was able to

translate 88 constructions of causative out of 100 from English into Indonesian.

The translation which result in the same causative constructions into Indonesian

mostly occurred in passive forms in English. In addition, the occurrence of the

translation of non-causative form took place, one of them, in relation to the

translation of melakukaninto Indonesian.Therefore, passive forms in English

seemed to affect the success of translating causatively the constructions from

English into Indonesian. Secondly, the findings of the second research problem

were related to the comparison of two kinds of translation; they are Google

Translate and human translation. Through the analysis, Google Translate

translation applied three strategies in translating periphrastic causative have, had,

get, and got; they are modulation, through translation, and couplets. Similarly,

human translation also applied two identical strategies namely modulation and

couplets. Meanwhile, one different strategy applied from humans is reduction. In

addition, the application of modulation strategy between google and humans had

the same result which modulation was the greatest strategy applied. The

application of modulation is aimed to translate some points in relation to causative

constructions. As stated by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), modulation is used to

 72

translate abstract<>concrete or particular<>general, and active<> passive.Those

points are quite reasonable given that the translation of causative from English

into Indonesian has abstract meaning if it is not translated with modulation and

other strategies such as couplets (which might be needed in a harder construction)

and reduction (which might be needed in omitting one or more words), especially

causative have and get.

 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter presents conclusion and suggestion from the findings that are

discussed in the previous chapter. The conclusion part is the brief summary from

the data analysis of causative constructions. Meanwhile, the suggestion part

comprises recommendations of this study in relation to the application of

causative constructions, especially get and have in several aspects.

.12 Conclusion

The investigation of this study resulted two comparative ways of causative

translation in relation to causative and non-causative forms, and two comparative

ways of translation strategies used in translating causative constructions. The data

were collected from English novels and their translations in Indonesian.The first

two results showed that the translations of Google Translate and professionals

resulted similarity in translating causative constructions comprising have and get.

Both mostly translated English causative constructions into Indonesian causative

constructions or causative-to-causative constructions. The total of Google

Translate translation from causative-to-causative forms were 88 times.

Meanwhile, the translation of humans from causative-to-causative constructions

were 72 times. In addition, the translation of causative-to-non-causative in both

translators also resulted lesser than the causative-to-causative ones. The second

73
two results showed that the strategies used by google translator and humans in

translating causative constructions from English into Indonesian also have

74
 75

similarity. The similarity occurred when both Google Translateand humans

applied the same strategies. Both translations applied modulation, couplets, and

reduction strategies in the particular constructions that were constructed similarly.

Thus, the investigation in causative translation undertaken by Google Translate

and humans resulted similar causative-to-causative translation from English into

Indonesian, and the strategies used also have similar result in between.

.13 Suggestions

This study investigated the translation of causative constructions

comprising have and get analysis which resulted causative-to-causative and

causative-to-non-causative translations. Besides, this study also revealed the

strategies used in translating English causatives into Indonesian which mostly

resulted in causative forms as well. Therefore, the translation of causatives

haveand get from English into Indonesian are potential to be exposed as the

reference in another translation study in relation to causative translation across

languages, or specific translation of Indonesian causatives towards another

languages. Besides, this investigation also provides the results of possible

strategies used between English and Indonesian causative translation that might be

able to be compared with another language study in relation to the translation,

specifically, the translation of causative have and get in another languages

undertaken by Google Translate or another machine translators.

 76

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 79

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1

THE LIST OF CAUSATIVE TRANSLATIONAND

TRANSLATION STRATEGY RESULTS

Human Google Translate Have /

Sourc
SN Strategy Translatio Translatio Get
Strategy e Text
n n
1 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
2 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
3 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
4 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
5 Couplets Causative Couplets Non Passiv Have
e
6 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Active Have
n n
7 Modulatio Causative Thru Non Active Have
n
8 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Have
n n
9 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Have
n n
10 Modulatio Non Thru Causative Active Have
n
11 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
12 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
13 Modulatio Non Modulatio Non Passiv Have
n n e
14 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
15 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Have
 80

n e
16 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
17 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Non Passiv Have
n n e
18 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
19 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Non Passiv Have
n n e
20 Modulatio Causative thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
21 Modulatio Causative thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
22 Modulatio Non Modulatio Non Passiv Have
n n e
23 Modulatio Causative thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
24 Modulatio Causative thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
25 Modulatio Causative thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
26 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
27 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
28 Modulatio Non Couplets Causative Passiv Have
n e
29 Modulatio Non Modulatio Non Passiv Have
n n e
30 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
31 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
32 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
33 Modulatio Causative thru Causative Active Have
n
34 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
35 Modulatio Non thru Causative Active Have
n
36 Modulatio Non thru Non Active Have
n
37 Modulatio Causative thru Causative Active Have
n
 81

38 Reduction Causative thru Causative Active Have

39 Reduction Non Couplets Non Active Have
(shift +
thru)
40 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
41 Reduction Causative Thru Causative Active Have
42 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Active Have
n
43 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
44 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
45 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Have
n n
46 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
47 Reduction Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n e
48 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Active Have
n
49 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Active Have
n
50 Modulatio Non Thru Non Active Have
n
51 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Active Have
n n
52 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Have
n e
53 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
54 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Active Have
n
55 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
56 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Have
n n
57 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
58 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Have
n n e
59 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Had
n e
60 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
 82

61 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Had

n n e
62 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
63 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
64 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Had
n e
65 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
66 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
67 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
68 Modulatio Non Thru Causative Passiv Had
n e
69 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Had
n n
70 Modulatio Non Thru Causative Active Had
n
71 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
72 Modulatio Non Modulatio Non Active Had
n n
73 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
74 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
75 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Non Passiv Had
n n e
76 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
77 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
78 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
79 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Had
n n e
80 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Get
n n
81 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Get
n n e
82 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Get
n n e
83 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Get
 83

n n e
84 Modulatio Causative Thru Causative Passiv Get
n e
85 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Get
n n e
86 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Get
n n e
87 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Get
n n
88 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Passiv Get
n n e
89 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Get
n n
90 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Get
n n
91 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Get
n n
92 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Get
n n e
93 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Get
n n e
94 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Active Get
n n
95 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Get
n n e
96 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Got
n n e
97 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Got
n n e
98 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Active Got
n n
99 Modulatio Causative Modulatio Causative Passiv Got
n n e
10 Modulatio Non Modulatio Causative Active Got
0 n n
 84

APPENDIX 2

THE ANALYSISOF CAUSATIVE CLAUSES

A. Have
1. ___________
1.1 she entertained herself, besides, with such humane achievements as sentencing a
youth to have his hands cut off. (English: page 4 line -11)
1.2 Perancisjustrumenggemarihiburan yang lebihmanusiawisepertimemenggaltangan,
mencabutlidah, ataumembakarhidup-hidupseorangpemuda. (Indonesian: page 2 line -
15)CauModulation
1.3 diamenghiburdirinyasendiri, di sampingitu,
denganprestasimanusiawisepertimenghukumseorangpemudaagar
tangannyaterputus.Cauthrough translation

2. __________
2.1 she entertained herself, besides, with such humane achievements as sentencing a
youthto havehis tongue torn out with pincers (eng: 4 line -11)
2.2 human: Perancisjustrumenggemarihiburan yang
lebihmanusiawisepertimencabutlidah (ind: 2 line -15) caumodulation
2.3 translate: selainitu,
diamenghiburdirinyasendiridenganprestasimanusiawisepertimenghukumseorangpem
udaagar lidahnyadicabik-cabikcauthrough translation
3. _____
3.1 she entertained herself, besides, with such humane achievements as sentencing a
youthto have his body burned alive (eng: 4 line -11)
3.2 Human: Perancisjustrumenggemarihiburan yang
lebihmanusiawisepertimembakarhidup-hidupseorangpemuda (ind: 2 line -15)
caumodulation
3.3 Translate: diamenghiburdirinyasendiri, di sampingitu,
denganprestasimanusiawisepertimenghukumseorangpemudaagar
tubuhnyadibakarhidup-hidupcauthrough translation
4. ___________
4.1 I won'thave my wittles blest off my table
4.2 Human: akutakmaumakananinilenyapnoncaumodulation
4.3 Translate: Akutidakakanmembiarkanwittleskukeluardarimejakucaumodulation
5. ___________
5.1 It had evidently been a great distress to him, to have the days of his imprisonment
recalled.(English: page 107 line +5)
5.2 JelaslahbahwaDokterManettemerasasangattidaknyamanbegitudiingatkan pada
masamasa yangdihabiskannyadalampenjara. (Indonesian: page 94 line 10-11)
caucouplets (shift + modulation)
5.3 Jelassekaliitumerupakankesusahanbesarbaginya, untukmengingathari-
haripemenjaraannya.Noncaucouplets (shift + modulation)
6. ___________
6.1 Come on, andhave it out in plain words! (English: page 118 line -6)
 85

6.2 Sudahlah, terusterangsaja! Kau bencilelakiitu.Noncaumodulation

6.3 Ayo, dan keluarkandengan kata-kata sederhanacaumodulation
7. ___________ (136 inggris)
7.1 Miss Pross, whether it is good for Doctor Manetteto have that suppression always
shut up within him. (English: page 136 line -4)
7.2 ApakahbaikuntukDokterManettejikadiamemendampersoalanitusendirian?
(Indonesian: page 130 line +10) caumod
7.3 Miss Pross, apakahbaikbagiDokterManetteuntukmemilikipenindasan yang
selalutertutupdalamdirinya.Noncauthrough
8. ___________
8.1 I’llhave this out with you. (English: page 197 line 7)
8.2 akuinginmencurahkanunekunek (Indonesian: page 186 line -3-4) caumod
8.3 Akuakanmembicarakaninidenganmu.Caumod
9. ___________
9.1 Have ‘em out, there! (English: 221 line 9)
9.2 Keluarkanmerekadarisana! (Indonesian: 208 line -7) caumod
9.3 Sudahkanmereka di sanacaumod
10. _____
10.1the crowd caught it up with eagerness, and loudly repeating the suggestion to have
‘emout (English: 221 line 12)
10.2Massa pun menerimanya dan meneriakkannyaberulangulang, keluarkanmereka.
(Indonesian: 208 line 11) noncaumod
10.3kerumunanmenangkapnyadenganbersemangat, dan dengankerasmengulangi saran
untukmengeluarkanmerekacauthrough
11. ____
11.1 the men sternly calling out to have him killed with grass in his mouth (eng: 321
line 1)
11.2 para priaberseru agar diadibantaidenganmuluttersumpalrumput (ind: 301 line -13)
caumod
11.3 orang-orang ituberserudengankeras agar diaterbunuhdenganrumput di
mulutnyacauthrough

12. _____
12.1 it had been accorded to him to have Charles Darnay brought before
the lawless Court, and examined (eng: 385 line -16)
12.2 merekasetujuuntukmembawa Charles
Darnayketengahpersidanganjadi-jadianituuntukdiperiksa.Caumod
12.3 telahdiberikankepadanyaagar Charles Darnay dibawakePengadilan
yang melanggarhukum, dan diperiksacauthrough
13. _______
13.1 I’llhave my head took off (eng: 434 line 8)
13.2 Potongkepalakukalaubenarmayatnyaada di peti (ind: 408 line -8)
noncaumod
13.3 Kepalakuakanlepasnoncaumod
 86

14. ______
14.1 Quietly and steadily have all these arrangements made in the
courtyard here (eng: 492 line -6)
14.2 Persiapkansegalanyadengantenang dan tepatwaktu di pelataran (ind:
464 line -16).Caumod
14.3 Semuapengaturaninidibuatdengantenang dan mantap di
halamansinicauthrough
15. _______
15.1 You know, and will reserve my place. Wait for nothing but to have
my place occupied, and then for England! (eng: 493 line 3)
15.2 Human: Jadi, sisakantempat duduk untuksaya.
Tidakperlumenunggulagijikatempatsayasudahterisi,
segeralahberangkatkeInggris! (ind: 464 line -9) caumod
15.3 Translate: Anda memilikisertifikatsaya di tangan Anda dengan yang
lain, Anda tahu, dan akanmemesantempatsaya. Tungguapa-
apaselainmemilikitempatsayaditempati, dan kemudiankeInggris!
Cauthrough
16. _______
16.1 he could but dimly discern the others who were brought there to
have their arms bound (eng: 505 line -15)
16.2 Human: diatidakdapatmelihatdenganjelaswajah-wajahnarapidana
yang digiringkesanauntukdiikattangannya (ind: 476 line -7) cauthru
16.3 Translate: Diadapatdengansamar-samarmelihat yang lain yang
dibawakesanauntukmengikattanganmerekacaumod

17. ____
17.1 she could not bear to have her sight obscured for a minute at a time
by the dripping water (eng: 520 line -7)
17.2 Human: diatidakberanimembiarkanpenglihatannyakaburterlalu lama
oleh cucuran aircaumod
17.3 translate: diatidaktahanmelihatpenglihatannyaselamasemenit pada
saatbersamaan oleh air yang menetesnoncaumod
Novel Pride and Prejudice
18. _____
 87

18.1 you must not have it taken (eng: 77 line -7)

18.2 human: sebaiknya kau tidakusahmemasangnya (ind: 82 line 7)
caumod
18.3 translate: Anda tidakharusmengambilnyacaumod
19. _____
19.1 he had himself experienced from Lady Catherine (eng: 99 line 13)
19.2 human: seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh Lady Catherine (ind: 104 line
-4) caumod
19.3 Translate: diasendirimengalamidari Lady Catherine.Noncaumod
20. _______
20.1 I must hope to have this pleasure often repeated (eng: 140 line 7)
20.2 Human: sayaharusmengharapkanbahwakeindahaniniseringterulang
(ind: 146 line -5) caumod
20.3 translate: Saya harusberharapagar kesenanganiniseringterulangcauthru
21. _____
21.1 he was not willing to have the attempt known (eng: 187 line 2)
21.2 human: Diatidakinginupayanyadiketahui (ind: 192 line 7) caumod
21.3 translate: diatidakmauusahanyadiketahuicauthru

22. _________
22.1 The
consequence of it is, that Lady Lucas will have a daughter married
before I have
(eng: 202 line 6)
22.2 Human: Akibatnya, anakperempuan Lady Lucas
akanlebihdulumenikahdaripadaanak
Perempuanku. (ind: 271 line -7) noncaumod
22.3 Translate: Konsekuensidariituadalah, bahwa Lady Lucas
akanmemilikianakperempuanmenikahsebelumakunoncaumod
23. _________
23.1 She likes to have the distinction of rank preserved (eng: 243 line 8)
23.2 Human: Beliausangatmenghargaiperbedaankelassosial. (ind: 248 line -
9) caumod
23.3 Translate: Diasukamemilikiperbedaanpangkatdipertahankancauthru
 88

24. _______
24.1 she was not used to have her judgement controverted (eng: 247 line -6)
24.2 human: tidakseorang pun pernahmenyanggahnya (ind: 252 line 11)
caumod
24.3 translate diatidakterbiasadenganpenilaiannya yang dipertentangkan.
Cauthru
25. _____
25.1 She was not sorry, however, to have the recital of them interrupted by
the lady from
whom they sprang. (eng: 328 line -10 11)
25.2 Human: Bagaimanapun,
diatidakmenyesalketikapercakapanmerekadisela oleh wanita yang
menjaditopikpembicaraanmereka. (ind: 330 line -8) caumod
25.3 Diatidakmenyesal, bagaimanapun, untukresitalmerekaterganggu
oleh wanitadarisiapamerekamuncul.Cauthru

Comparison:
25.3.1 She was not sorry to have the recital of them interrupted by the
lady from whom they sprang.
25.3.2 Translate:
Diatidakmenyesalmembiarkanpertunjukanmerekadiinterupsi oleh
wanita yang menjadiasalmulamereka. (tanpa however)
26. ______
26.1 you will of course wish to have your humble respects delivered to
them (eng: 329 line 12)
26.2 human: kalian tentusajaakanmenyampaikan rasa
hormatdarilubukhati yang terdalamuntukmereka (ind: 331 line 11)
caumod
26.3 translate: Anda tentusajaingin agar penghormatan Anda yang
rendahhatidisampaikankepadamerekacaumod
27. _____
27.1 To have his errors made public might ruin him forever. (eng: 343 line -
8)
27.2 Human: Menyiarkankesalahan Wickham kepadasemua orang
akanmenghancurkannyauntukselamanya. (ind: 344 line 12)
cauMOD
 89

27.3 Translate: Agar

kesalahannyadiketahuipublikmungkinakanmenghancurkannyasela
manya.Caumod
28. ______
28.1 I may reasonably hope to have all my expectations of pleasure
realized (eng: 360 line -1 2)
28.2 Human:
akujustrumemilikiharapanbahwakesenangankuakansegeratiba (ind:
360 line -8) nonmod
28.3 Translate: Saya
mungkinberharapsemogasemuaharapansayaterwujud.Caucouplets(
mod + shift)

The lord of the rings: the return of the king

29. ____
29.1 But as for the Paths of the Dead, you have yourself walked on their
first steps. (eng: 56 line 14)
29.2 Human: kau sendirisudahmenapakiawaltangganya. (ind: 72 line 18)
nonmod
29.3 translate: Tetapiuntuk Paths of the Dead, Anda sendiriberjalan di
langkahpertamamereka.Nonmod
30. ____
30.1 I would not have it said of me in song (eng: 64 line 6, 7)
30.2 Human: Akutidakmaudirikudikisahkandalamlagu-lagu (ind: 80 line -5)
caumod
30.3 Translate: Saya
tidakakanmengatakannyatentangsayadalamlagucaumod
31. ____
31.1 he will have his eye turned this way (eng: 76 line 12)
31.2 matanyaakantertujukesana kemari (ind: 94 line 13) caumod
31.3 diaakanmemutarmatanyasepertiinicaumod

32. ____
 90

32.1 You have a score of scores counted ten times and five (eng: 95 line -8)
32.2 Human: Anak buahmujumlahnyasebanyaksepuluh kali dan lima (ind:
116 line 5) nonmod
32.3 Translate: Anda memilikiskorskor yang dihitungcaumod
33. _____
33.1 she would not have me leave her (eng: 107 line 17)
33.2 diatakinginakumeninggalkannya (ind: 128 line 1, 2) caumod
33.3 translate: diatidakakanmembiarkansayameninggalkannyacauthru
34. ____
34.1 I would not have such pains all wasted (eng: 139 line 6, 7)
34.2 akutakinginjerihpayahsemacamituterbuangsia-sia (ind: 164 line 6, 7)
caumod
34.3 Saya tidakakanmerasasakitsepertiitucaumod
35. ____
35.1 you would have us retreat to Minas Tirith (eng: 146 line 14)
35.2 maksudmukitaharusmundurke Minas (ind: 172 line 3) nonmod
35.3 Anda ingin kami mundurke Minas Tirithcauthru
36. ____
36.1 I would not have us return (eng: 148 line -6)
36.2 Akutakinginkitakembali (ind: 175 line 7, 8) noncouplets (shift &
reduction)
36.3 Saya tidakinginkitakembalinonthru
37. ____
37.1 Would you have the folk of Gondor gather you herbs only? (eng: 230
line -1)
37.2 Apakahkau maurakyat Gondor hanyamengumpulkantanamanobat?
(ind: 269 line 3) caumod
37.3 Apakah Anda memiliki orang-orang Gondor mengumpulkan Anda
herbal saja?Cauthru
38. _____
 91

38.1 I would have you command this Warden (eng: 232 line 4)
38.2 Akuingin kau memerintahkanPengawas (ind: 270 line 10)
caureduction
38.3 Saya ingin Anda memerintahkansipirinicauthru
39. _____
39.1 I would not have this world end now (eng: 234 line 17)
39.2 akutakingin dunia iniberakhirsekarang (ind: 272 line 3)nonreduction
39.3 Saya tidakakanmemilikiakhir dunia inisekarangnon couplets (shift +
thru)
40. _____
40.1 For you are a lady high and valiant and have yourself won (eng: 237
line 17)
40.2 Sebab kau seorangwanita agung dan gagahberani, dan kau
sendirisudahberhasilmemperolehkemasyhuran. (ind: 275 line -2)
nonmod
40.3 Karena kamuseorangwanita yang tinggi dan gagah dan
memenangkandirimusendiricaumod
41. ____
41.1 I would have the Ring-bearer bring the crown to me (eng: 240 line -1,
2)
41.2 Human: kumohonPembawaCincinmembawamahkotakepadaku (ind:
279 line -4, 5) caureduction
41.3 Translate: Saya
inginpembawacincinmembawamahkotakepadasayacauthru
42. ____
42.1 I would have you wait a little while longer (eng: 243 line 15)
42.2 tapikumohon kalian menunggusebentarlagi(ind: 282 line 16) caumod
42.3 Saya ingin Anda menunggusebentarlagicauthru
43. ____
43.1 I will not have him slain (eng: 296 line 123)
43.2 akutidakingindiadibunuh (ind: 341 line -17) caumod
 92

43.3 Akutidakakanmembuatnyaterbunuhcaumod

The lord of the rings: the two towers

44. ____
44.1 You and the other scouts ought to have your ears cut off (eng: 587 line
-3)
44.2 Kau dan pengintai-pengintai yang lain
seharusnyadihukumpotongtelinga (ind: 57 line -2) caumod
44.3 Anda dan pengintailainnyaharusmemotongtelinga Andacaumod
45. ____
45.1 Would you have her speak openly to you of your death? (eng: 656 line
-7, -8)
45.2 Apa kau ingindiabicarasecaraterbukatentangkematianmu? (ind: 119
line -5) caumod
45.3 Apakah Anda akanmembuatnyaberbicarasecaraterbukakepada
Anda tentangkematian Anda?Caumod
46. ____
46.1 You have yourself already taken it (eng: 676 line 11)
46.2 Kau sudahmenerimanya (ind: 137 line 9) nonmod
46.3 Anda sendirisudahmengambilnyacaumod

47. ____
47.1 I would have her loved for her memory (eng: 878 line 10)
47.2 akuingindiadicintaikarenakenangan-kenangannya (ind: 319 line 4)
caureduction
47.3 Saya ingindiamencintaiingatannyacaumod

47.4 Suggestion from Google Translate: I would have her love for her
memory (Saya akanmemilikicintanya pada ingatannya)
48. ____
48.1 You will not have us slay wild beasts for no purpose (eng: 882 line -
10)
48.2 Kau takingin kami membunuhhewan-hewan liar dengansia-sia(ind:
319 line 4) caumod
 93

48.3 Anda tidakakanmembiarkan kami

membunuhbinatangbuastanpatujuancau
49. ____
49.1 Would you have me come to Gondor with this Thing (eng: 906 line
12)
49.2 Apakah kau inginakupergike Gondor dengan Benda ini (ind: 345 line
10) caumod
49.3 Translate 1: Apakah Anda inginsayadatangke Gondor dengan Hal ini?
Cauthru
49.4 Translate 2: Would you have me come to Gondor with this thing?
(Apakah Anda inginsayadatangke Gondor denganbarangini?)
50. ____
50.1 Then what would you have me do? (eng: 906 line 18)
50.2 Kalaubegitu, kau inginakumelakukanapa? (ind: 345 line 15) nonmod
50.3 Translate 1: Lalu apa yang akansayalakukan?Nonthru
50.4 Translate 2: Then what would you have me do (Lalu apa yang akan
Anda lakukanpadaku)
51. ____
51.1 I would not have you go to death (eng: 906 line 19)
51.2 akutakingin kau pergimenyongsongkematian (ind: 345 line 16)
nonmod
51.3 Saya tidakingin Anda maticaumod
52. ____
52.1 he would have them driven to her hole (eng: 948 line 10)

52.2 iamenyuruhmerekadidesaksampaikelubangpersembunyianShelob (ind:

383 line 12) caumod
52.3 diainginmerekadidorongkelubangnyacauthru

The lord of the rings: the fellowship of the ring

53. ___
 94

53.1 I do really wish to destroy it!' cried Frodo. 'Or, well, to have it
destroyed (eng: 72 line -3)
53.2 “Akubenar-benaringinmenghancurkannya!” seru Frodo. “Atau,
yah, menyuruhmenghancurkannya.caumod
53.3 Saya benar-benaringinmenghancurkannya! ' teriak Frodo. 'Atau,
yah, untukmenghancurkannyacaumod
54. ___
54.1 I would not have you go without seeing Kheled-zvram (eng: 366 line 18)
54.2 Akutakingin kau pergitanpamelihatKheled-zaram (ind: 393 line 2, 3)
caumod
54.3 Translate: Saya tidakingin Anda pergitanpamelihatKheled-zvramcauthru
55. ___
55.1 "I am all right," said Frodo, reluctant to have his garments touched.
(eng: 368 line 15)
55.2 “Akubaik-baiksaja,” kata Frodo,
engganmembiarkanpakaiannyadisentuh. (ind: 395 line 15) caumod
55.3 "Akubaik-baiksaja," kata Frodo,
engganpakaiannyadisentuh.Caumod

Harry Potter and the philosopher stone

56. ___
56.1 I will have Someone take you down to both vaults (eng: 58 line -9, -
10)
56.2 Akan kusuruhpetugasmengantar Anda
berduakekeduatempatsimpananitu (ind: 44 line 7) caumod
56.3 Akuakanmemintaseseorangmembawamukekedualemaribesicaumod

57. ___
57.1 Taking Dudley to the hospital," growled Uncle Vernon. "Got to
have that ruddy tail removed before he goes to Smeltings
57.2 Ekornya yang
kemerahanharusdipotongsebelumdiaberangkatkeSmeltings (ind: 53
line 8) caumod
 95

57.3 Translate 1: Membawa Dudley kerumahsakit, "geramPaman

Vernon." Akuharusmelepaskanekor ruddy
itusebelumpergikeSmeltingscaumod
57.4 Translate 2: Got to have that ruddy tail removed before he goes to
Smeltings (Harus
memilikiekorkemerahandihapussebelumdiapergikeSmeltings)
58. ___
58.1 Hagrid, can we have a window open? (eng: 187 line 1)
58.2 Hagrid, bolehtidakjendelanyadibukasatu? Akukepanasan (ind: 137 line
-14) caumod
58.3 Translate: Hagrid, bisakahkitamembukajendela?Caumod

B. Had
59. ____
59.1 The Doctor even had his two hands at his ears; for another instant,
even had his two hands laid on Darnay’s lips. (eng: 193 line 8)
59.2 Human: DokterManettemenutupkeduatelinganyadengantangan;
sesaatkemudian, diamenutupbibir Darnay dengankeduatangannya
(ind: 176 line 16) caumod
59.3 Translate: Dokterbahkanmemilikikeduatangannya di telinganya;
untuksesaatlagi, bahkankeduatangannyadiletakkan di bibir
Darnay.Cauthru

Novel Pride and Prejudice

60. _____
1.1 he had himself experienced from Lady Catherine (eng: 99 line -9)
1.2 human: seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh Lady Catherine. (ind: 105 line
-4) nonmod
1.3 translate: diasendirimengalamidari Lady Catherinecaumod
61. _____
2.1 I had myself endeavored to forget (eng: 299 line -1)
2.2 Human: tapiinginsayalupakan (ind: 303 line 3) nonmod
 96

2.3 Translate: Saya sendiriberusahauntukmelupakancaumod

62. ____
3.1 she had herself endured on a similar occasion (eng: 347 line -6)
3.2 human:
Diamengenangperasaannyasendiriketikamenghadapiperistiwaserupa
(ind: 348 line -3) caumod
3.3 Translate: diasendirimengalamihal yang samacaumod
63. ___
4.1 the anger which she had herself incurred in this business (eng: 435
lineline -7, 8)
4.2 Human: Namun, wajahkeduanyacukuptenang; tidakadaperubahan yang
tampakdalamdirimereka, kecualibahwakepergianadikkesayangannya,
ataukemarahan yang timbulakibatmasalahini,
memberikantambahangetarandalamsuara Kitty (ind: 432 line 4)
nonmod
4.3 Translate: kemarahan yang diaalamisendiridalambisnisinicaumod

Novel the lord of the ring: the return of the king

64. ____
64.1 the
Lord of the City had beacons built on the tops of outlying hills
(eng: 3 line 13)
64.2 Penguasa Kota yang membangunmercusuar di puncakbukit-bukit (ind:
11 line -5) caumod
64.3 Lordof the City memilikisuar yang dibangun di atasbukit yang
terpencilcauthru
65. ___
65.1 hecalled for Merry and had a seat set for him at his side (eng: 35 line -
17)
65.2 IamemanggilMerry dan memerintahkannya duduk di sampingnya.
(ind: 48 line 1) caumod
65.3 diamemanggilMerry dan menyiapkankursiuntuknya di sisinyacaumod
66. ___
66.1 I have had a good hill-pony made ready for you (eng: 35 line -7)
 97

66.2 Human: Akusudahmenyuruhsiapkankudaponibukituntukmu (ind 48

line 13) caumod
66.3 Translate: Aku punya kudaponibukit yang siapuntukmucaumod
67. ____
67.1 At last the hobbits had their faces turned towards home(eng: 264 line
1)
67.2 Akhirnya para hobbit pun menempuhperjalananpulang (ind: 305 line
1) nonmod
67.3 Akhirnya para hobbit mengarahkanwajahmerekakerumahcaumod

Novel the lord of the ring: the two towers

68. ____
68.1 They had a red eye painted on their shields (eng: 588 line 4)
68.2 Ada gambarmatamerah di atasperisaimereka (ind: 58 line 4) nonmod
68.3 Merekamemilikimatamerah yang dicat pada perisaimerekacauthru
69. ___
69.1 Your leechcraftere long would have had me walking on all fours
like a beast (eng: 678 line 10)
69.2 Sihirmutak lama lagiakanmembuatkuberjalanmemakai kaki dan
tangan, sepertihewan (ind: 139 line 6) caumod
69.3 Translate: Leechcraft Anda
selamainiakanmembuatsayaberjalanmerangkaksepertibinatangbuas
caumod
69.4 Translate 2: Your leechcraftere long would have had me walking
on all fours like a beast (Lama
lintahmuakanmembuatkuberjalandenganempat kaki
sepertibinatangbuas)
70. ____
70.1 they had these huge gates just lying in ruin. (eng: 739 line -11, -12)
70.2 dalam lima menitgerbanginisudahhancurberserakan (ind: 195 line -21)
nonmod
70.3 translate: merekamemilikigerbangbesar yang hanyatergeletak di
reruntuhancauthru
 98

71. ____
71.1 Not since the lightless passages of Moriahad Frodo or Sam known
such darkness (eng: 939 line 10)
71.2 Sejakselasar-selasarMoria yang gelap, Frodo dan Sam
belumpernahmengalamikegelapansepertiini (ind: 375 line 8)
nonmod
71.3 Tidaksejaklorongtanpacahaya di Moriamembuat Frodo atau Sam
tahukegelapansepertiitucaumod
72. ____
72.1 Earendilhad himself come down (eng: 942 line -13)
72.2 Earendilsendirisudahdatang (ind: 378 line 17) nonmod

72.3 Translate: Earendilsendiriturunnonmod

73. ____
73.1 but many byways they had themselves delved about it on either
side (eng: 963 line -12, -13)
73.2 tapibanyakjalanmenyimpang yang merekagalisendiri di keduasisi
(ind: caumod
73.3 translate: tetapibanyakjalan yang merekaselidikisendiri di
keduasisicaumod

Novel Harry Potter and the philosopher stone

74. ___
74.1 Several boys of about Harry's age had their noses pressed against a
window (eng: 57 line 3)
74.2 Beberapaanaklakilakiseumur Harry menempelkanhidung di kaca (ind:
43 line 8) caumod
74.3 Translate: Beberapaanaklelakiseusia Harry
menekanhidungmerekakejendelacaumod
75. ___
75.1 He had his eyes fixed on Harry (eng: 153 line 10)
75.2 Matanyatertujukearah Harry (ind: 111 line -5) caumod
 99

75.3 Translate: Diamenatap Harrynonmod

76. ___
76.1 Hermione, who had all her fingers crossed in her lap (eng: 179 line 9,
10)
76.2 Hermione, yang menyilangkansemuajarinya di ataspangkuan (ind: 131
line 16) caumod
76.3 Translate:Hermione, yang semuajarinyamenyilang di
pangkuannyacaumod
77. ___
77.1 Hagrid had Norbert packed and ready in a large crate (eng: 192 line -5)
77.2 Hagrid sudahmenyiapkan Norbert dalamkotakbesar (ind: 141 line -19)
caumod
77.3 Translate: Hagrid sudahmenyiapkan Norbert dan siap di
petibesarcaumod
78. ___
78.1 He nearly had his leg ripped off once (eng: 212 line 2)
78.2 Kakinyapernahnyariscopotsatu kali (ind: 155 line 14) nonmod
78.3 Diahampirsajamerobekkakinyasatu kalicaumod
79. ___
79.1 Malfoy, who couldn't have looked more stunned and horrified if
he'd just had the Body-Bind Curse put on him. (eng: 248 line -13, -
14)
79.2 Malfoy, yang seandainyamendapatKutukan Ikat Tubuhsempurna
pun takmungkinkelihatanlebihkaget dan ngeridaripadasekarang
(ind: 179 line -15) caumod
79.3 Translate: Malfoy, yang tidakmungkinterlihatlebihterpana dan
ngerijikadiabarusajamengenakanKutukanTubuh-Bind
padanyacaumod

C. Get
80. _____
1.1 The accident had happened in getting it out of a cart (eng: 39 line 2)
 100

1.2 human: Initerjadiketika tong ituhendakditurunkandaripedati. (ind:

34 line 2) caumod
1.3 translate:
Kecelakaanituterjadisaatmengeluarkannyadarigerobakcaumod

81. ______
81.1 he came to the conclusion that it would be as well to get all the
preliminaries done (eng: 201 line 6)
81.2 Human: Mr.
Stryvermenyimpulkanbahwasegalapersiapanharussegeratuntas (ind:
190 line 6) caumod
81.3 Translate:diasampai pada
kesimpulanbahwasebaiknyamenyelesaikansemuapersiapancaumod
82. ______
82.1 though the Doctor tried hard, and never ceased trying, to get Charles
Darnay set at liberty, or at least to get him brought to trial, the public
current of the time set too strong and fast for him. (eng: 388 line -12)
82.2 human: kendatiDokterManetteberusahakerastanpakenallelahagar
Charles dibebaskan, atau paling tidak, agar
kasusnyadapatdiajukankepengadilan, diatidakmampumelawanarus
zaman yang teramatderas. (ind: 366 line 16) caumod
82.3 translate: meskipun sang Dokterberusahakeras, dan
tidakpernahberhentiberusaha, untukmembebaskan Charles Darnay,
atausetidaknyauntukmembawanyakepengadilan, aruspublikwaktu yang
ditetapkanterlalukuat dan cepatuntuknya.Caumod

Novel Pride and Prejudice

83. _______
83.1 The business of her life was to get her daughters married. (eng: 5 line
-2)
83.2 Tujuanhidupnyaadalahmenikahkananak-anakperempuannya (ind: 12
line 3) caumod
83.3 Bisnishidupnyaadalahuntukmenikahikeduaputrinya.Caumod

84. _______
 101

84.1 I am always glad to get a young person well placed out. (eng: 250 line
5, 6)
84.2 Saya selalusenangjikabisamenempatkanseorangpengasuh (ind: 255
line 4, 5) caumod
84.3 Saya selalusenangmendapatkan orang muda yang
ditempatkandenganbaik.Cauthru

Novel the lord of the ring: the return of the king

85. ____
85.1 Get you gone, for your embassy is over and death is near to you. (eng:
159 line 9)
85.2 Pergilah, karenatugasmusebagaidutasudahberakhir, dan
kematiansudahmenjemputmu. (ind: 187 line 3) nonmod
85.3 Bawakamupergi, karenakedutaanmusudahberakhir dan
kematiansudahdekatdenganmu.Caumod

86. ____
86.1 it will take weeks before we get all these things sized up (eng: 228 line
2)
86.2 akanmakanwaktuberminggu-
minggusebelumsemuainiselesaidiceritakan (ind: 265 line -4)
caumod
86.3 ituakanmemakanwaktuberminggu-
minggusebelumsemuaukuraninidiukurcaumod

Novel the lord of the ring: the two towers

87. ___
87.1 They could not get him to say more (eng: 841 line -16)
87.2 Merekatakbisamemaksanyamengatakanlebihdariitu (ind: 285 line 13)
caumod
87.3 Merekatidakbisamembuatnyabicaralebihbanyakcaumod

88. ____
88.1 If I can get these coneys cooked, I'm going to wake him up (eng: 854
line 17, 18)
 102

88.2 Kalaukelinciinisudahmatang, akuakanmembangunkannya. (ind: 296

line -8) nonmod
88.3 Translate:
Jika sayabisamembuatconeysinimatang,
sayaakanmembangunkannyacaumod
89. ____
89.1 And then they couldn’tget Lugburz to pay attention for a good while
(eng: 966 line 8)
89.2 KabarnyaselamabeberapawaktumerekatakbisamemaksakanperhatianL
ugburzcaumod
89.3 Dan
kemudianmerekatidakbisamembuatLugburzmemperhatikansementara
waktucaumod

Novel the lord of the ring: the fellowship of the ring

90. ____
90.1 the desire to get it out of his pocket became so strong (eng: 88 line 5)
90.2 hasratuntukmengeluarkancincinitudarisakunyajadibegitukuat. (ind: 94
line 8) caumod
90.3 translate:
keinginanuntukmengeluarkannyadarisakunyamenjadibegitukuatcaumo
d

Novel Harry Potter and the sorcerer stone

91. ___
91.1 they had to try and get a rabbit out of it (eng: 94 line 7)
91.2 merekaharusmencobamenyihir dan mengeluarkankelincidaritopiitu
(ind: 69 line 21) caumod
91.3 translate:
merekaharusmencoba dan mengeluarkankelincidari
situcaumod
92. ___
92.1 If either of you get us caught, I'll never rest (eng: 126 line 15)
92.2 Kalausalah satudari kami tertangkap, akuakankerjakeras (ind: 92 line
5) caumod
 103

92.3 Translate: Jika salah satudari kalian membuat kami ketahuan,

akutidakakanpernahberistirahatcaumod
93. ___
93.1 you'llget us thrown out (eng: 128 line 9)
93.2 kau akanmembuat kami dikeluarkan (ind: 93 line 15) caumod
93.3 translate: Anda akanmembuat kami diusircaumod
94. ___
94.1 he had tried to get everyone laughing (eng: 156 line -17, 18)
94.2 diamencobamembuatlelucon (ind: 156 line 17) nonmod
94.3 translate: diatelahmencobamembuatsemua orang tertawacaumod
95. ___
95.1 they could spear on a toasting fork bread, English muffins,
marshmallows and plotting ways of getting Malfoy expelled. (eng:
159 line -1)
95.2 Mereka (…)merencanakancara-caramembuat Malfoy dikeluarkan.
(ind: 117 line 8, 9) caumod
95.3 Translate: mereka(…) dan merencanakancaramengusir
Malfoycaumod
D. got
96. ________
96.1 the guard shot three dead, and then got shot dead himself by the
other four (eng: 5 line -9)
96.2 human: tiga di antaraperampokperampokituditembakmati oleh
pengawalkereta. Lalu sipengawalditembakmati oleh
empatperampoksisanya (ind: 17 line 10) caumod
96.3 translate: penjagamenembaktigamati, dan
kemudianditembakmatisendiri oleh empatlainnyacaumod

97. ______
97.1 There, Monseigneur turned, and came back again, and so in due
course of time got himself shut up in his sanctuary by the chocolate
sprites. (eng: 152 line 9)
 104

97.2 Paduka berbalik, berjalankembalikekamarnya yang mahakudus,

menguncidiribersama para malaikatpenyajicokelat. Caumod
97.3 Di sana, Monseigneur berbalik, dan kembalilagi, dan
dengandemikiandalamwaktu yang singkatdiaakanterdiam di
tempatperlindungannya oleh sprite cokelat.Caumod

Novel Harry Potter and the sorcerer stone

98. ___
98.1 I got him out all right before the Muggles started swarming' around
(eng: 12 line 15)
98.2 akuberhasilambildiasebelum para Muggle berdatangan. (ind: 12 line
22) caumod
98.3 Akumengeluarkannyasebelum Muggle mulaiberkeliarancaumod
99. ___
99.1 she went and got herself blown up (eng: 42 line 12)
99.2 si Lily itukenaledakan (ind: 42 line 19) nonmod
99.3 diapergi dan membuatdirinyameledakcaumod
100. ___
100.1 I got this out of the library weeks ago (eng: 176 line 14)
100.2 Akupinjaminidariperpustakaan (ind: 129 line 16) nonmod
100.3 Saya mengeluarkaninidariperpustakaanbeberapaminggu yang
lalucaumod