ORGANIC COMPOUND

EXPLANATION:
The formulas of organic compounds are written with carbon first, followed by hydrogen, and
then any other elements
Organic compounds typically have low melting and boiling points, are not soluble in water, and
are less dense than water. For example, vegetable oil, which is a mixture of organic compounds,
does not dissolve in water but floats on top. Many organic compounds undergo combustion and
burn vigorously in air. By contrast, many inorganic compounds have high melting and boiling
points. Inorganic compounds that are ionic are usually soluble in water, and most do not burn in
air. Organic compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen, and sometimes other nonmetals
such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or a halogen. We find organic compounds in many
common products we use every day, such as gasoline, medicines, shampoos, plastics, and
perfumes. The food we eat is composed of organic compounds such as carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins that supply us with fuel for energy and the carbon atoms needed to build and repair
the cells of our bodies.

ALKANES
Properties
-Alkanes, which are nonpolar molecules, are not soluble in water, and usually less
dense than water. Alkanes undergo combustion in which they react with oxygen to
produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy
The alkanes are a type of hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms are connected
only by single bonds. One of the most common uses of alkanes is as fuels.
Methane, used in gas heaters and gas cooktops, is an alkane with one carbon
atom. The alkanes ethane, propane, and butane contain two, three, and four
carbon atoms, respectively, connected in a row or a continuous chain. As we can
notice, the names for alkanes end in ane. Such names are part of the IUPAC
system (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) used by chemists to
name organic compounds.

Explanation for Example 3.The substituents are listed in alphabetical order

(bromo first, then methyl). A hyphen is placed between the number and the
substituent name. When there are two or more of the same substituent, a prefix
(di, tri, tetra) is used and commas separate the numbers. However, prefixes are
not used to determine the alphabetical order of the substituents.
EXPLANATION:
ALKENES & ALKYNES
ADDITION REACTION

A reaction in which atoms or groups of atoms bond to a carbon–carbon

double bond. Addition reactions include the addition of hydrogen
(hydrogenation), water (hydration) , and monomers (polymerization).

 COMBUSTION REACTION is a reaction in which a substance

reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and
heat.