An introduction to

quality and its

historical development
Dr. Salwa Yousef
Professor of Interior Design and Furniture
Applied Arts – Helwan University
Dr. Ahmed Said
Furniture Industry Development Expert
Contents
• The concept of quality
• The historical development of quality management
• What Is Quality Inspection?
• What Is Quality Control?
➢ Activities of Quality Control
➢ Benefits of Using Quality Control in Manufacturing
➢ How to Implement Quality Control in Manufacturing
• What is Quality Assurance?
• What are the Differences between Quality Assurance and Quality Control?
• How to Assess Furniture Quality?
➢ Main tests performed during an inspection of furniture
➢ What to look for when assess furniture quality
1. Assess quality of Upholstered Furniture
2. Assess quality of case goods
Quality is the degree to which an object or entity (e.g., process, product, or
service) satisfies a specified set of attributes or requirements. The quality of
something can be determined by comparing a set of inherent characteristics with a
set of requirements.

The concept of quality

The concept of quality refers to the Latin word (qualitas),
which means the nature of a person or the nature and
degree of hardness of a thing, and in the past, it meant
accuracy and perfection.

The definitions of quality are many and varied. These

definitions can be summarized in a comprehensive
definition of quality as the totality of the characteristics
related to the ability of a product or service to meet an
expected need or a performance specification that
designers expect throughout the expected period of use.
This applies equally well to appearance grading and
structural grading.
The concept of quality
The concept of quality may go beyond the quality of the
product itself to include also the quality of services, the
quality of communication, the quality of information, and
the quality of the organization as a whole

Timber producers will have their own quality control

systems and manuals, and in some cases seek endorsement
for their quality system under ISO 9002 or AS 3902. This is
not a requirement for every producer, but many of the larger
producers see the value in having checks and balances on
their quality systems to ensure that their grading is as
effective as possible.
 The historical development of quality
management

• Although the concept of quality emerged a long time

ago, it did not emerge as a formal function of
management until recently. During the journey of
development in managerial thought with regard to
quality management, we can notice that it did not take
place in a sudden way, but it was through a stable and
steady development, and this development reflected a
series of discoveries dating back to a century ago, and
these discoveries can be divided into four distinct eras of
quality. Which :

Inspection, quality control(QC), quality assurance(QA),

and total quality management (TQM).
 Inspection (1920 AD - 1940 AD):
Inspection for the purposes of quality was
merely ensuring that the product or service
What Is conforming to the established specifications is
the one that is transported outside the
Quality organization on its way to consumers or
Inspection? customers, but does not prevent the occurrence
of the error, because the error has occurred and
what I must examine is to discover and
exclude it.
 Quality Control is often abbreviated in the two
letters QC, which is a word that means all
activities and means that are carried out at every
stage of production in order to manufacture high-
quality products and there are many different
methods that have been applied inside factories for
What Is the purpose of quality control, there are materials
Quality testing laboratories , Validity testing, monitoring
during operations, inspection after operations and
Control? product testing, as well as the inspection and
testing process is also required for incoming
goods.
And in general it can be said that quality
control includes recording, analyzing and writing
reports related to information related to quality.
 • Quality control (QC) is a process through
which a Corporation seeks to ensure that
product quality is maintained or improved.
What Is Quality control requires the business to
create an environment in which both
Quality management and employees strive for
Control? perfection. This is done by training
personnel, creating benchmarks for product
quality and testing products to check for
statistically significant variations.
 • Quality Control refers to the activities
and techniques to verify that the
developed product is in conformance
Activities of with the requirements
• Quality control norms are followed to cater
Quality to a wide variety of the customers. , analysis
Control of all incoming materials, intermediate
process quality parameters & finished
products are smoothly done by a team of
qualified and experienced technologists.
 Benefits of Using Quality Control
in Manufacturing

Customers expect and demand high-quality products. When

customers receive quality products, you will:
• Increase customer loyalty
• Gain repeat business
• Gain new customers from referrals
• Maintain or improve your position in the market
• Improve safety
• Reduce liability risks
• Contribute to overall positive branding of your product
• Manufacturers with quality control procedures in place
are far less likely to face product recalls or place
customers at risk from poorly made products. The cost
associated with these recalls can be steep. Testament to
this is the Takata recall, which is estimated to cost the
company between $7 and $24 billion.
 How to Implement Quality Control in Manufacturing

SET YOUR QUALITY

DECIDE CREATE REVIEW YOUR GET
STANDARDS. ... MAKE
WHICH QUALITY OPERATIONAL RESULTS. ... FEEDBACK. ... IMPROVEMENTS.
STANDARDS TO PROCESSES TO
FOCUS ON. ... DELIVER QUALITY.
...
What is Quality Assurance?

The terms quality assurance, quality control and quality management

are usually used interchangeably.

It is important to understand the differences between these

terminologies so that you know what exactly are you talking about
with your client and team members.

Quality Assurance is the set of activities that determine the

procedures and standards to develop a product.
Quality Assurance
QA, is a planned and systematic way of creating an
environment to assure that the product being developed
meets the quality requirements.
QA refers to the implementation of well-defined
standard practices and methods. It is a pro-active
quality process. This process is controlled and
determined at managerial level. Quality assurance
focuses on the process checklists, process standards,
project audits, methodology and procedures for
development.
It is a preventive process that aims at establishing the
correct methodology and standards to provide a quality
conducive environment to the product being developed
What are the Differences between Quality Assurance and Quality
Control?

• “The primary difference between quality assurance vs quality control

is that the quality assurance (QA) activities are conducted during the
software development. Quality control (QC) activities are performed
after the software has been developed.”
 Quality Control
Quality Assurance

QA is the implementation of processes, methodologies and

QC is the set of activities that are carried out to verify the
Definition standards that ensure that the software developed will be up
developed product meets the required standards.
to the required quality standards.

QA focuses on the improvement of process and methodologies QC focuses on the improvement of the product by identifying
Target used to develop product. the bugs and issues.

Orientation It is process oriented. It is product oriented.

QA is preventive process as it establishes the methods which QC is corrective process as it focuses on identifying the bugs
Nature of process prevent the bugs. and getting them fixed.

Quality Assurance is a verification activity that verifies you are Quality assurances is a validation activity that validates the
Verification vs Validation doing the right thing in the right manner. product against the requirements.

All the persons involved in the project starting from the It is the responsibility of Quality Control inspector or the testing
Who requirement. team that finds the issues.

Tools and Techniques Defining Processes, Quality Audit, Selection of Tools, Training. Defining Processes, Quality Audit, Selection of Tools, Training.

Examples of quality assurance activities include process

Examples of quality control activities include inspection,
Examples checklists, process standards, process documentation and
deliverable peer reviews and the software testing process.
project audit.
Summary of the
difference
 Start by choosing a store with high ratings for advice and
reliability

But it helps to know how to assess the goods on your own

How to Assess “It’s an opportunity to educate your eye and figure out what you really
like. It can be helpful to take photos and even write down some of the
Furniture item’s descriptors.”

Quality? You can also read customer ratings of many individual products online.

‫كيفية تقييم جودة‬

And look for comments on verified purchases only

‫األثاث؟‬ You’ll also still need to, where possible, inspect and test
furniture in each store.

The signs of quality described here might sound pretty technical at first,
but as you visit stores and look over things, you’ll get a feel for quality

There are two broad categories of furniture: upholstered goods and

“case” goods—basically the hard stuff: tables, desks, dressers,
bookshelves and such.
Main tests
performed •Static loading test
•Stability check
during an
•Moisture content
inspection of •Performance check •Rub test on fabric •Accessories check
furniture •Size measurement •Fatigue test •Packing
•Material & color check •Wobbly base test •Export carton drop test
•Adhesive test on logo •Smell test •Shear & press point
•Hole, tubular check
components, and fixed •Cap removal strength
gaps check •Assembly check
 What to
look for • Upholstered Furniture
when • Case Goods

assess • common checking list for

furniture quality control .
furniture
quality
 Assess quality of Upholstered Furniture
• The most important indicator of good upholstery is comfort. Test this by sitting on
a piece for a few minutes. Then check the underlying construction and ask the
retailer for a manufacturer’s catalog or other materials to figure out what’s inside.
Cushions

Frame
Fabric

Springs and Padding Trim

Cushions Frame
Springs and Padding
Trim Fabric
 Assess quality of Case Goods

Doors, Top Lids,

and Flip Tops
Drawers

Legs

Finish
Other
How to Assess Furniture Quality?