Manual for Anatomy and Physiology 50

Name: Blessed Shenna S. Baquero Date: October 11, 2022 Score:

ACTIVITY 7
NERVOUS SYSTEM

The nervous system is the body’s coordinating system – receiving, sorting, and
controlling responses to both internal and external stimuli. The nervous system as a whole is
divided into the central nervous system, made up of brain and the spinal cord, and the
peripheral nervous system, made up of the cranial and spinal nerves, which connects all parts
of the body with the central nervous system.

A functional subdivision of the nervous system is the autonomic nervous system, which
controls the unconscious activities. This system regulates the actions of glands, smooth
muscles, and the heart muscles.

OBJECTIVES:
1. To understand the descriptions of different types of nervous system
2. To know the difference of neuron and neuroglia
3. To Advance the understanding of body function
4. To locate the function of nervous system

MATERIALS:

- Power point presentation

- The Importance of the Nervous System for Human Beings (theodysseyonline.com)

A. Draw, color and label the structure of a typical neuron.

 Manual for Anatomy and Physiology 51

B. Choose the key responses that best corresponds to the descriptions provided in the following
statements. Insert the appropriate letter in the answer blank.
a. Autonomic Nervous System
b. Central Nervous System
c. Peripheral Nervous System
d. Somatic Nervous System

b 1. Nervous System subdivision that is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

d 2. Subdivision of the PNS that controls voluntary activities such as the activation of
skeletal muscles.

c 3. Nervous System subdivision that is composed of cranial and spinal nerves and
ganglia.

a 4. Subdivision of the PNS that regulates the activity of the heart and smooth muscles
and glands. It is also the involuntary nervous system.

b 5. A major subdivision of the Nervous System that interprets incoming information

and issues orders.

c 6. A major subdivision of the Nervous System that serves as communication lines,

linking all the body parts of CNS.

C. This exercise emphasizes the difference between neurons and neuroglia. Indicate which cell
type is identified by the following descriptions. Insert the appropriate term in the answer blank.

Choices: Neuron Neuroglia

Neuroglia 1. Support, insulate and protect cells.

Neuron 2. Demonstrate irritability and conductivity and thus transmit electrical

impulses from one area of the body to the next.

Neuron 3. Release neurotransmitter.

Neuron 4. Are amitotic.

Neuroglia 5. Able to divide and responsible for most of brain neoplasm.

 Manual for Anatomy and Physiology 52

D. Match the following anatomical terms given in Column B with the appropriate descriptions
of functions provided in Column A. Place the correct letter response in the answer blanks.

Column A Column B

b 1. Release neurotransmitter a. axon

c 2. Conducts electrical currents b. axon terminal
towards the body c. dendrite
d 3. Increases the speed of electrical d. myelin sheath
transmission e. cell body
e 4. Location of the nucleus
a 5. Conducts impulses away from the cell body

E. Using the key choices, select the terms identified in the following descriptions by inserting
the appropriate letters in the space provided.

a. Afferent neuron f. Neuroglia k. Proprioceptors

b. Association neuron g. Neurotransmitter l. Schwann cells
c. Cutaneous sense organ h. Nerve m. Synapse
d. Efferent neuron i. Nodes of Ranvier n. Stimuli
e. Ganglion j. Nuclei o. Tract

c 1. Sensory receptors found in the skin, which are specialized to detect temperature,
pressure changes and pain.
l 2. Specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the PNS.
m 3. Junction or point of contact between neurons.
o 4. Bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS.
n 5. Neurons, serving as part of conduction path way between sensory and motor
neurons.
i 6. Gaps in myelin sheath.
e 7. Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS.
d 8. Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands.
b 9. Sensory receptors found in muscles and tendons and detect their degree of
stretch.
k 10. Changes occurring within or outside the body, that affect nervous system
functioning.
a 11. Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery.
g 12. Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles and
glands.
 Manual for Anatomy and Physiology 53

F. The diagram below is the right lateral view of the human brain. First, match the letters on the
diagram with the following list of terms and insert the appropriate letters in the answer blanks.
Then select different colors for each areas of the brain.

D 1. Frontal Lobe E 7. Lateral Fissure

L 2. Parietal Lobe A 8. Central Fissure
F 3. Temporal Lobe I 9. Cerebellum
C 4. Precentral Gyrus H 10. Medulla
K 5. Parieto-Occipital Fissure J 11. Occipital Lobe
B 6. Post Central Gyrus G 12. Pons
 Manual for Anatomy and Physiology 54

G. Label and color the brain structures and place your answer in the space provided.

A. Corpus callosum
B. Fornix
C. Thalamus
D. Corpora quadrigemina
E. Optic chiasm
F. Pituitary gland
G. Mammillary body
H. Pons
I. Medulla
J. Cerebellum
K. Fourth ventricle
L. Cerebral aqueduct
M. Midbrain
N. Pineal gland
O. Parietal lobe
 Manual for Anatomy and Physiology 55

H. The 12 cranial nerves are indicated by leader lines. First label each by name and t hen color
each nerve with a different color.

Olfactory

Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear

Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Abducens nerve
Hypoglossal
Accessory
Accessory
 Manual for Anatomy and Physiology 56

I. Provide the name of the cranial nerves involve in each of the following activities, sensations,
or disorders. Insert your answer in the answer blanks.

XI Accessory 1. Shrugging the shoulder.

I Olfactory 2. Smelling a flower.

III Oculomotor 3. Raising the eyelids and focusing the lens for the eye for accommodation,
constriction of the eye pupils.

X Vagus 4. Slows the heart rate; increases mobility of the GIT.

V Trigeminal 5. Involved in chewing food.

VII Facial 6. Involved in smiling.

VIII Vestibulocochlear 7. Listening to music, seasickness.

VII Facial 8. Secretion of saliva, tasting well seasoned food.

III Oculomotor 9. Involved in rolling of the eye.

IV Trochlear 10. Reading a tennis magazine.

I, II, VIII 11. Purely sensory.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, our nervous system is responsible for our senses. The cells collect the
information of the body such as temperature, light, pain, position, and hunger and transmit
it to the brain where it is processed. The system works by sending signals, interpreting, and
acting upon them. Also, the nervous system connects various body parts including nerves,
tissues, and muscles.

Nervous system is a complete network of nerve cells and neurons. It includes the spinal
cord, brain, nerves, and all the sensory neurons of the human body. All the body processes
are managed with the help of the nervous system. The movements of muscles are also
controlled by the nervous system along with the emotions produced by the brain.
 Manual for Anatomy and Physiology 57

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT RUBRIC

Name: Date:
Experiment Number: Lab Title:
Directions: Check one box in each row to indicate the level of performance Give each check
mark the assigned number of points on the TOTAL column.
Point 5 4 3 2 1
Performance Rate
Excellent Good Average Fair Poor
Level
Laboratory Activity Execution
All procedures were All procedures Some procedures Some Procedures were
done with outmost were done with were done with procedures done with no
Laboratory safety and no outmost safety outmost safety were done with safety and too
Procedure mistake and very less and very less safety and many mistakes
mistakes mistakes several
mistakes
The student The student The student The student The student
exhibited support/ exhibited support/ exhibited support/ exhibited exhibited no
Cooperation collaboration at all collaboration collaboration at support/ support/
times most of the time some time collaboration at collaboration
very few times
Entire working area/ Part of the Part of the The working The working area/
all apparatus were all working area/ all working area/ area/ some apparatus was not
Cleanliness cleaned up. apparatus was all some apparatus apparatus was cleaned up.
cleaned up. was all cleaned all cleaned up.
up.
Laboratory Report
Data recorded, Data recorded, Data recorded, Data recorded, Data recorded,
computation, and computation, and computation, and computation, computation, and
other types of other types of other types of and other types other types of
Accuracy responses to responses to responses to of responses to responses to
Laboratory Questions Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory
are 100% correct Questions are 99- Questions are 74- Questions are Questions are 24-
75% correct 50% correct 49-25% correct 10% correct
All answers were Most of the Some of the Few answers Very few answers
grammatically answers were answers were were were
correct as well as grammatically grammatically grammatically grammatically
Grammar with the spelling, correct as well as correct as well as correct as well correct as well as
capitalization and with the spelling, with the spelling, as with the with the spelling,
punctuation. capitalization and capitalization spelling, capitalization
punctuation. capitalization
Generalization/ Generalization/ Generalization/ Generalization/ Generalization/
conclusion show very conclusion show conclusion show conclusion conclusion show
Generalization high degree of high degree of moderate degree show low no coherence to
/ Conclusion coherence to the coherence to the of coherence to degree of the objective.
objective. objective. the objective coherence to
the objective.
Lab report is very Lab report is well Lab report is fairly Lab report is Lab report is less
well presented and presented and presented and fairly presented organized with
organized, no organized, with organized, with and organized, many erasures
Cleanliness/
erasures with no very few erasures few erasures and with many and unnecessary
Neatness unnecessary marks. and unnecessary unnecessary erasures and marks.
marks. marks. unnecessary
marks.
TOTAL (Raw Score/40)
RATING (Score + 60)

Hiyasmin U. Gutierrez, RMT

Instructor