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Introduction
The Internet as you know is a massive network of networks. It connects millions of computers
together to form a global network in which any computer can communicate with any other compwer
as long as they are both connected to the Internet. Information that travels over the Internet does so
with the help of a variety of rules (known as protocols). The Internet has given people a much wider
choice in terms of contacts, activities, and information and has opened up new avenues for them to
communicate with others as well as to collect and share information. Services that the Internet
provides to the people have impacted our society in almost all areas of human endeavour, be it in
business, learning, banking, shopping, making reservations or for anything else. Let us learn about the
various services provided by the Internet.

Internet Services
The Internet provides a wide range of services to meet the different requirements of people.These
services can be categorized into the following types.
I. Information Retrieval: The \NV\NV is the world's largest
online digital library It is an Internet based global information
system wherein information in the form of web pages is stored in
thousands of interconnected computers. Browsing or surfing for
information is the commonest use of theWeb.ln fact, one cannot
Goe)g|e
go far in the Internet without knowing how to perform this basic
activity properly. Information can be retrieved easily by using a
special type of softwme known as a web bmwser. One can browse
for research puposes,sokware, news or to learn new things.

2. Communication: Communication is another area where the

Internet is being used on a very large scale.The reasons being its
low cost, effortless operation and unmatched speed. Go.·gle

Communication takes place in the form of e-mails, chats, video

conferences and through transfer of files and documents. Multiple
and open communication methods provided by the Internet have
made it very easy to make new friends, to share common
interests and to exchange information.The Internet has indeed
become an indispensable communication tool in today's world.
Gmail-A poplar E-mail Service Provider

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Services on the Internet

3. E-Services: The term E-Service (abbreviated form of Electronic Service) refers to the
services which can be provided electronically over the lnternet.There are many e-services available
on the Internet. E-services include both commercial and non-commercial services. Some popular
e-services are e-commerce, e-government, e-learning, e-banking, e-reservation and so on.We can
use any of these services by simply connecting our computer to the Internet and opening the
required website in a browser window.

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An e-learning site An e-shopping site

Information Retrieval from the Internet

There are millions of Web pages on the\N\N\N, the largest online digital library in the world. Finding
any information from these millions of pages is like looking for a treasure in a sea.There is a lot of great
material and a wealth of information on theWeb for everyone to see but to aCcess and retrieve this
information we need a web browser.

Using a Web Browser

A Web browser is a software that can access web pages from theWorldWideWeb and display them
on your computer using an Internet connection. To retrieve a website from the web all you have to do
is to enter the address or URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of the web page in your web browser.The
browser will retrieve a copy of the web page and display it on your computer.

2. Press the
Enter key.
...The web
page will be
displayed in
front of you
in the
browser
window.

Note: When the browser retrieves a copy of a web page and displays it on your computer it is called
downloading.

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Fastrack - 10

.
e' '-'. '". ACTIVITY Browsing the web with the help of the Web Browser ""-\

Exploring the web by accessing different web pages is known as web browsing or net surfing. This
activity will make you familiar with the basics of web browsing.
I. Start the Web Browser installed on your computet

2. Type the URL of the web page that you want to open like https://www.nationalgeographic.org/education in
the address bar.Then press the Enter key.
...The home page of the site will open in front of you.
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4. Anytime while
EDUCATION
surfing the
3. Click on any
web, if you
of these links
BRING NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC want to go to
to open a a previously
linked web RESOURCES INTO YOUR
CLASSROOM opened page,
page of this click on the
website. Back button
of the web
E .p eve e / browser.

p Content Type: for all grade: in any :ubject "

5. Once you have explored the above website, open and explore the following websites as well:
a. https://discovery.com/ d. https://coursera.org/
b. https://www.funbrain.com/ e. https://www.crayola.com/
c. https://pitara.com/ f. https://www.meritnation.com/

Search Engines
A Search Engine is a program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the
documents where the keywords were found. Search Engines maintain large databases of Web pages,
including many other types of Web documents like biogs, wiki pages, group discussion links and
document formats (for example, PDFs,Word or Excel documents, PowerPoint presentations,etc).
Search engines rely on computer programs, called spiders or robots, to crawl the Web and log the
words on each page.To use a search engine,you just need to type a keyword or phrase,known as the
search term related to the topic you want to search into a search box.The search engine scans its
database and returns a file with links to theWeb sites containing the specified search term.The most
commonly used search engines are Google, Yahoo, AOL and MSN,etc.

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10
Sex"vices on the Internet

Steps to use the Search Engine for searching information

I. Open a search engine such as google.co.in by entering its name in the address bar of the web browser and pressing
the Enter key orclickingon the Go button.
...The site will open in front ofyou.
2. Select the Web link if you want to search the web for information in all forms (text: pictures,audio,video,etc.)
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Information searched on Google search engine
6. When you obtain the Search results in the form of web pages made of hyperlinks, click on the desired hyperlink to
open a website and see if it contains information required by you.lf it does not just go to any other hyperlink till you
find the desired information.

Understanding a Search Result

A search engine's goal is to provide you with results that are clear and easy to read.The picture given
below shows four important components of a search result which will help you to better understand
the results given by a search engine.
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Link
Elements of a search result
Title: The first line of any search result is theTitle of the web page.
Snippet This is a description or an excerpt from the web page. It is the part of the web page that is most
relevant to your search term.
URL: This is the address ofthe web page.
Cached: This is a link to an earlier version of this page. Click here, if the page you wanted is not currently
available and you wantto see an earlierversion of it.
Read the snippet text to see if the web page listed in the search result contains the information you are
looking for. If yes, then click on the title of the search result to open the web page and view the
complete information.Similarly, check other search results,til1 you get the desired information.

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Fastrack - Iq

Searching Techniques
As the databases maintained by a Search Engine are huge,they often return thousands of resu|ts.Without
search strategies or techniques,finding what you need can be like looking for a needle in a haystack.To use
search engines effectively, it is essential to apply techniques that narrow down the search results and Push
the most relevant pages to the top of the results list. Given below are a number of strategies for bOOSting
the search engine performance.
Boolean Searching on the Internet
The Internet is a vast computer database. As such, its contents must be searched as per the rules of
computer database searching. Much of database searching is based on the principles of Boolean logic that
refers to the logical relationship among search terms. Boolean logic consists of three logical operators OR,
AND and NOT.
The following are a few examples of Boolean searching:
Example I: Let us assume that you want information on dyslexia in adults.
Search: dyslexiaAND adults
The above search string will search the Web pages in which both the search words
"dyslexia" as well as"adults" are found.
Example 2: If you are looking for an article on the relationship between poverty and crime, then you
should type"povertyAN D crime".
Search: povertyAND crime
The above search string will get you the links with BOTH poverty and crime search terms
present.
Example 3: You want to know about radiation,excluding nuclear radiation.
Search: radiation NOT nuclear
The above search string will search theWeb pages that contain the word radiation, but
not the word"nuclear".
Example 4: Let us suppose that you want information about the behavior of cats. In that case you
should type the search string as follows:
Search: behaviorAND (cats OR felines)

ACTIVITY Using Boolean Searching Technique

Search for the following information using the Boolean searching technique:
0 Go to Google, Yahoo! or any other Search Engine.
· Type the search string WATERAND POLLUTION and watch the results.
· Now type the search string WATER POLLUTION and note the change inthe results.
· Now type the search string WATERNOT POLLUTION and again note the results.
· Type the searchstringDIGITAL COMPUTER SUPER COMPUTER.
· Now, type the search string DIGITAL COMPUTER + SUPER COMPUTER and observe
the results.

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Services on the Internet

Phrase Searching .
A particular topic can also be searched by typing a relevant phrase.You will usually be required to
enclose the phrase in quotation marks; for example,"space the final frontier", "The wonders of the
world","Princess Diana's accident",etc.

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Phrase searching
REMEMDER : q
' You should capitalize the first letter for a search on proper names of people, companies or produc s
because many words in English are used both as proper and common nouns, like Bill, bill, Gates,
\gates, Oracle, oracle, Lotus, lotus, etc. The list is endless.

Meta Search Engines

4, Meta Search Engine does not own a database ofWeb pages.When you
Try using these Meta
:ubmit keywords in its search box, it transmits your search simultaneously to
search engines.
.everal individual search engines and their databases of Web pages.Within a
2w seconds, you get back results from all the search engines queried.The O %
(ww. s ea re h.co m, www.we b c rawle r. c o m, www. m am ma.c o m and
rww.kartoo.com are meta search engines.

0 " "
P r

:': " ACTIVITY Searching information on the Web

Let us suppose that you want to retrieve information on types of computer viruses. Type the
fonowingkeywords in the Search box and observe the results.
· Type the keyword VIRUS and you will note that the sites listed contain information on both
biological as well as computer viruses.
· Now change the keyword to COMPUTER VIRUS and observe the change in the search results.
· Further, type the string COMPUTERVIRUS TYPES and note the results.
· Type thekeyword BOOT SECTOR VIRUSES and observe the change in the search results.
· Now type ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE and you will note that different links giving lists of
antivirus software are displayed in the search results.

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Fastrack - 10

Finding People on the Internet

In today's world of booming Internet social networking, it is much easier to find lost friends and colleagues
than it has ever been before.ln fact,the private world of yesterday is now an online world with open access ,
to social networks, government databases, and public records.You can find information about a |ong-|ost !,
friend or do a background check on someone if he/she is connected to a social networking site such as I
Facebook,Twitter, Flickr or to an online forum.The Internet provides ample opportunities to create a '
profile and every single profile provides the Internet with additional data points about you that people can ,
use to Hnd you when they need to.There are manyWebsites that search the standard social networks and
conduct a "deep web" to search for the name you are looking for on "non-typical" sites. For example,
Search People for e-mail addresses and content within miscellaneous Web pages. One of the best search
engine crawlers for finding people through searching all types of Internet content is pipl.com.

Steps to search people using People Search feature

I. Open the website Pipi.com. Enter the name ofthe person whom you wantto search.
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t
pipl.com site
2. Click on the Search icon. ..A listof the people matching the search criteria will be displayed in various sections,like
Picture,Public Records,Phone numbecemailaddresses,etc.Check outif itcontains the person you are searchingfor.

Searching Social Networks

The www.Peekyou.com is one free Website that searches for a person's name through a list of over 30
popular as well as obscure social networks, including Linkedln, Facebook, MySpace, Flickr and Zorpia.
Spokeo is a powerful tool that searches through a huge list of social networks andWebsites.lt discovers
things that are not very easy to flnd,like hidden Facebook profiles,posts or comments toYouTube,blogs or
comments on B|oggeqaccounts on Flickri1"witter,WebShots and more.

P
0· - t

' ' ' '" ACTIVITY Searching People on the Internet "4L

I 0 Startthe Web Browserinstalled onyour computer.

· Go to Google, Yahoo! orany other Search Engine.
· In the Searchbox, type "Free People Search".
· Open any people search Website like PeekYou, jabaSearch, etc. and in the Name box, type
the name of the personwhom youwantto search .or.
· Find information about Steel King, Laxmi Mittal, Vinod Khosla (co-founder of HCL), Mark
Zuckerberg (founder of Facebook)ZhahRukh Khan or any otherwell±own person.

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 Services on the Internet

Communication Via the Internet

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The Internet carries a vast array of communication services.Some of these are discussed below:

E-mail
Electronic mail or E-mail is a system of creating, sending and storing textual messages (with or without
multimedia attachments) in a digital form over the lnternet.To use an E-mail service,one needs to have an E-
mail account (E-mail ID) with any free mail service like Gmail,Yahoo mail, hotmail, etc. or with a paid E-mail
provider like FastMail, PaidEmail.com, America Online, Apple, NetZero, etc. Free E-mail services are
generally provided by an Internet Service Provider (lSP) for a personal E-mail account. For sending bulk
business mails,one needs to have a paid E-mail account.
E-mails are easy to use, reliable,and cost effective. Using email attachments we can send text, audio,
video and other types of files to the mail recipients.We should however be careful to open unsolicited
e-mails as they may contain viruses.

E-mail Addresses
An e-mail address has two components,a Username and a Domain User name Domain name
atc@hotmaitcom
Name of the Host Server.These two parts are separated by the '@'
(at the rate of) symbol.Observe the e-mail address given alongside.

Sending an E-mail
Follow the steps given below for composing and sending an e-mail with an attachment.
Steps to send e-mail using gmail.com
I. Open your gmail account by entering your Username,Password and then clicking on the Sign in button.
2. Click on the Compose Maillinkto open the compose mail window.
3. Write the e-mail address of the 4. Click on the Add Cc: link and 5. Click on the Add Bcc: link and
recipient inn the To: field. If there write the e-mail address of those write 1the e-mail address of those
are more than one recipients recipients (if any) to whom you recipk
recipients (if any) to whom you
:heir
separate their e-mail addresses want to send a carbon copy of want to send a blind carbon
by using commas
mmas (g). your e-mail. copy of your e-mail.
copyc
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_= 8L To send any document,

~ D8tb¶ at 5 j5 Fm (' rrmRo K?) cB image or audio/video
jnhr

Muul lx P Ll cm file as attachmenCclick

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on the "Attach a file"
6. Enter th(e subject P,U^M button. Locate the file
(topic) of ye)u1- e-mail in Z: ) ..., ..'= in the drivel folder and
the Subjec't: field. rmi 1iT· · " u
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7. Click in th(e text area " 'h'""""l " )
Cc "' rri rr "' "'"""
attached to the e-mail
and write yo'ur message. """"'
Fuknchpn '"""
G9h'
message.
Gmail-Compose Mail window
). Click on the Send button.
...Your e-mail will be sent.

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Fastrack - 10

Reading an E-Mail
The lnbox link stores the mails that are sent to your e-mail address by others. When you c|ick
on the Inbox link, a window will be displayed listing the various messages sent to you by others.The
messages that have not yet been read by you will be displayed in bold.The steps to read an e-mai|
message are as follows:

Steps to read an e-mail

I. Click on the Inbox linL
-..The Inbox window will open showing a
list of messages.

2. Click on a message.The message will open

up in another window.

3. Read the message. Click on the Back to

Inbox link to close the e-mail message and
come back to the lnbox.

lnbox window

Replying to an E-Mail
When you send back a message to a sender in response to his e-mail, it is called replying to the
e-mail. A prefix Re: is added to the subject line of the message that is being replied back.The steps to
reply to mail message are as follows:

Steps to reply an e-mail

I. Open the message that you want to reply to.

2. Click on the Reply button. 3. The e-mail address of the recipient automatically appears in the To box.
I

4. Click here
to write a
reply to the
message.

5. Click on the
~~ ,~m Send
button to
»~
send the
Reply option appears below the e-mail Different options in the Reply window reply.

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Services on the Internet

Internet Relay Chat

IRC or Internet Relay Chat commonly termed as "chatting" is a multi-user, multi-channel chatting
system. IRC is a free service using which we can communicate with people from all over the world.
Using it, we can type and read each other's messages through our computers over the Internet; all in
real-time. Examples of Instant Messenger programs are: AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo
MessengeK MSN MessengeRICQ and GoogleTalk.

Instant Messaging
Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time communication between two or more people
based on typed text. With chat and instant messaging, a user on the Web can contact another user
currently logged in to. the same service and start a conversation.Multiple users can join a chat,and everyone
can see each new message as it comes in. Chat is sometimes included as a feature of aWeb site where users
can log into the chat room to exchange comments and information aboutthe topic in the particular room.
To use the Instant messaging service of theWindows Live Messenger follow these steps:
Steps to use the Windows Live Messenger
I. Open the web page http:/download.live.com/messenger.
Click on the Download button given at the right edge of the page
to download and install the Windows Live Messenger onto your
computer.
2. Open the Messenger window and enter your user name and
password into your account (if you do not have aWindows Live ID,
create one byfilling up a simple form atthe site).

3. Add contacts of all the people you would like to talk to when they
are online,in your account.
4. You can now send instant messages and chat with your contacts
whenever they are online.

WhatsApp Messenger
WhatsApp is a very popular instant messaging application (app) designed
to be used on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.This application
allows its users to send and receive instant text messages, share photos, images,
audios, videos, text documents, pdfs and location between two mobile devices
anywhere across the world. It also allows its users to make voice calls as well as
video calls through internet data connection over the cellular network. WhatsApp Messenger
WhatsApp is a freeware and cross-platform application.This means that we can download and use
it at free-of-cost on a mobile device with any of mobile operating systems like Apple 1OS,GoogleAndroid,
Windows Phone, BlackBerry OS, Symbian and so on.We can downloadWhatsApp from an App store like
Google Play Store, Apple App Store, etc. and install it on our mobile phone. Once installed it asks us to
provide our mobile number that is required to run this application.After following some necessary
steps,we can enjoy the services provided by this application.

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Fastrack - 10

DO YOU KNOW ":

I

WhatsApp was founded in 2009 by two former employees of Yahoo, Brian Acton and Jan Koum.
In 2014 Facebook acquired it for USS 19 billion. WhatsApp is currently owned by Facebook and it
has more than 1 billion active users in over 180 countries throughout the world.

Newsgroups
Newsgroups, also known as discussion groups are communities of like-minded people created on
the Internet to share their thoughts,comments on a particular issue as well as to make new friends.The
Newsreader software is used to read newsgroups.

Working of Newsgroups
A newsgroup begins on a single news server, but is eventually replicated to hundreds or thousands of other
servers. News servers provide the infrastructure that makes newsgroups work. Each news server has
special software that maintains a file for each newsgroup serviced by that server.
(D You connect to your news server provided to you by your Internet Service Provider (1SP).Your
newsreader software downloads all the new messages posted in the newsgroups that you have
subscribed to.You read through the messages and decide to reply to some.

® Your newsreader sends your messages to the news server.The news server saves these messages in the
file for that newsgroup.

News Server
News feed P W Read and post
messages

New' f"'d , W ©
Other User

i News Server

Working of Newsgroups

®The news server connects to one or more other news servers and sends the updated information.The
updated information is replicated to each news server until all of them have the updated information.

@)Other subscribers read your messages, plus all the others posted since the last time they looked at the
newsgroup,and reply.You see their replies and new messages,and the process repeats itself.

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 Services on the Internet

The Social Networking Web sites

Social networking sites are online communities in which members interact. A site that specializes
in social networking is focused on making connections among its users. Examples of social networking
sites are www.facebook.com, www.linkedin.com, www.instagram.com, www.f7icktcom, etc. Interactivity
among social networking sites is evolving rapidly.

Facebook
Facebook is the world's leading social networking site with
more than 2 billion active users all over the world. It was
founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow ==="'"""""" :"""'
Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin,
Andrew McCol/um, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. Facebook
allows its registered users to create profiles, upload and share
photos and videos (post),communicate through chat,voice call . .
or video call,search and make new friends,comment on a post,
update status, plan events and do much more. Facebook is also To join facebook fill up this form
a market place for businesses to connect to their customers and get responses about their new
products. Companies can also create ads on Facebook to promote their products. Celebrities use
Facebook to create their own pages to connect to their fans. Facebook can be accessed on a desktop,
laptop, tablet or smartphone.We can download the Facebook app along with its Messenger app on our
mobile phone. "Je^
REMEmERr-:· In
/" You need to be atleast 13 years old to be a member of the Facebook community. While creating your
facebook page, you should avoid to post your real photographs, family photographs and personal
details on Facebook. You should always use the privacy settings to safeguard your photographs. You
should never upload a post, share a post or comment on a post that can hurt the sentiments of others.
7

Linkedln
Linkedln, co-founded by Reid Hoffman in 2002, is the
world's largest social networking site for professionals. Be grejt at wMl )m do
am Cm ~

It is a business and employment-oriented service that can be m

accessed through its website or mobile app. Linkedln is a

platform on which employers from different companies, 1~

both national and international, post their company's jobs

~ -~~·

and hire employees based on the required skills.As such

seekers of jobs can create profiles with their CVs to find a To join Linkedln type in your name and
good job. provide your active email or mobile number

Linkedln is a network of more than 100 million active users (mainly employers and job
professionals)worldwide. It is a good place to build and maintain your professional network, find and
reconnect with colleagues and classmates, share thoughts and insights as well as discover new career
opportunities.

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Instagram
lnstagram is a free photo and video-sharing social
networking· .
service owned by Facebook lnc.The service can ._ -- - ¶ndag'uim

be used through its website or we can download the app on a 9 '

smartphone with Apple 1OS,Android or Windows Phone OS. It U ,
allows users to upload photos and videos to the service, which g " "
can be edited with various filters. Like on Facebook, its users can
share their posts publicly or with their friends or followers.
Users can browse other users' content by tags and locations, and lnstagram-A photo and video sharing sIt
view trending content. Users can "Like" photos,and follow other users to add their content to a feec
Anyone who is 13 years of age or older can create an account by registering an email address am
selecting a username to join lnstagram.

Flickr
Flickr is one of the most popular photos and videos
hosting services with more than I million photos uploaded e" . . . ~~
every day.The service is used by professional photographers, , , , . .
bloggers and other people to upload photos and videos to
share them with their friends, followers, colleagues, family ° i'.,.. W.,,. " a ¥""
members or anyone who uses Flickr.lmages uploaded on Flickr ' "" g

can be accessed without a registered account but it requires an

account to upload content to the site. Registering an account Click on Sign Up to join Flickr
also allows users to create a profile page containing photos and videos that the user has uploaded.lt
also allows the user to add another Flickr user as a contact.We can access this service by visiting its
website or by downloading its mobile app on oursmartphone.

Biogs and Comments

Biogs are"logs" or experiences or thoughts of individuals or 'C J'. ·
groups of people with common interests. The word "biog"
comes from "Weblog" and consists of aWeb-based signed and
dated log of individual postings.The website www.wordpress. ' · " · ·
com is one of the most popular biog hosting services that ' ' "" ' ' "
allows you to create and publish biogs at free of cost. Some . . . . . . ,
other biog sites are www.blogger.com, www.tumblr.com,
Create your own biog on
prathamindia.blogspot.com,indiaeducationdiary.in,etc. www.wordpress.com
L-

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{Comments are an importantpart of any biog site. People who visit a biog can comment on its contents. In
I a way biogs have helped to popularize the practice of commenting across the Web tremendously, such
as commenting on YouTube videos, Flick photos and on news/articles on various information sites.
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 Services on the Internet

Twitter and Microblogging

Microblogging is the method of writing small messages or
biogs and is getting very popular now-a-days.TheTwitter site
at www.twitter.com is a popular microblogging site.You
can create an account on it and biog in messages.Till Nov 7,
20!7 you could tweet messages of up to 140 characters.
Since then the limit has been doubled for all languages except
Japanese, Korean and Chinese. Now tweets can be of 280
characters length. With aTwitter accounLyou can choose to
"follow" other members and receive their "tweets" on your
Open twitcer.com and in the search box
own page.Other people can also"follow" you.People all over enter the topic on which you wanr to see
the world are tweeting messages.Twitter is,in facC the fastest other people's opinion
growing microblogging site in the world today.

Youtube
Founded in February 2005, YouTube allows billions of people to search foq Y0 u as M,
watch and share originally-created videos.YouTube provides a forum for people
to connect, inform and inspire others across the globe and acts as a distribution
platform for original content creators and advertisers large and small. Created www.youtube.com
by three friends in February 2005 and owned by Google since late 2006, on which users can upload,
view and share videos.The company is based in San Bruno, California, and uses Adobe FlashVideo and
HTML5 technology to display a wide variety of user-generated video contenLinduding movie clips,TV
clips,and music videos,short original videos,and educational videos.

VIDEO-CONFERENCING
Video-conferencing essentially allows a group of
individuals, with access to the Internet, anywhere around
the world, to hold a meeting without having to physically
meet one another at any specific location. It is a method of
simultaneously combining video and audio so that a
meaningful discussion or meeting can take place in real-time
over the Internet.

/ "'"'""'" Sj^
The video conferencing software takes the inputs from the microphones and Web cameras, aa ")
converts these into digital signals that are encoded and then transmitted across the Internet where they
are received and decodedback into images and sound atthe other end. Whatever images appear in front
of the video camera appear in a window on the other participant's monitor. Software such as Skype,
Livestorm, Zoho Meeting, VEEDEEO, etc. are used forvideo-conferencingusing the computer. ,!
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Fastrack - JO

E-SERVICES
Let us now learn about some important e-services that we can use over the Internet in details.

E-Commerce
E-commerce or Electronic commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for
products and services.The use of Internet and Communications Technology in business has enhanced
Productivity, encouraged greater customer participation and enabled mass customization, besides
reducing costs.
Businesses are using Internet technologies and network
computing to transform their internal business processes ,, ?,,, i
(intranets) and the buying and selling of goods, services and
information. Internet access, E-mail and Web browsing are all the " I gi
initial small steps that lead the way to e-business.With the help of
the Internet and theWWW, companies are now able to reach out .
to global customers; they are able to link their internal and
external processes more efficiently and they can also cater to the ., . ,
specific needs of their customers, suppliers and partners more ". ' " " '"'""" "
effectively. All this leads to improvements in the overall business Site of Reliance Industries Ltd.; one of
performance and eventually improves
. the economy of countries.
. the biggest business houses in India
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E-Learning
Internet has made learning an easy and fun activity for learners. It has provided opportunities to
students to pursue their studies in their chosen fields through distance education from universities
across the world.They can participate in the learning process almost anytime and from anywhere,and
at their own pace.This is called E-learning (Electronic 1earning).There are plenty of e-learning sites
for people of all age groups ranging from a toddler, a research scholar and even a just about anybody
who wants to obtain degrees of any kind. It has proved to be a real boon for those who cannot attend
regular school or are physically disabled. Some popular websites that provide e-learning courses
worldwide are edx.org, cousera.org, udemy.com,lynda.com,etc.

E-Banking
E-banking or Electronic banking is a system of banking whereby
customers can view their account details, pay their bills, and transfer
money by means of the Internet. Banks have now computerized their
internal operations, and the banking services are now being made
available through the Internet. The Tele-banking system allows
individuals to carry out banking activities from home, via the Internet.
Online banking through traditional banks enables customers to
perform all routine transactions, such as account transfers, balance '
inquiries, bill payments, and stop-payment requests. Some banks even 'i&
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6
offer online loan and credit card applications.Account information can An E-banking website
be accessed anytime,be it day or night,and this can be done from anywhere.

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Services on the Internet

Digital Payments
A digital payment (also called an electronic payment or e-Payment) is a way to make a payment
through the digital mode.ln digital payments,both the payer and payee use the digital mode to send and
receive money. All the transactions in digital payments are completed online. It is an instant and
convenient way to make payments. No hard cash is involved in digital payments.
Digital payment involves fund transfers (sending or receiving money from one bank account to another
bank account);paying bills for items purchased online or off1ine;paying bills like that of electricity,water,
telephone, etc.; paying for any public or private services that require money transactions; paying
income tax or GST etc.These days we can also make digital payments for mobile recharges, dish TV
recharges,internet broadband recharges,domestic gas supply payments and much more.

Modes of Digital Payments

These days there are different modes of digital payments available. Some popular modes of digital
payments in India are the UPI (Unified Payments Interface), E-wallets, Cards (Debit cards, Credit cards
and Prepaid cards) and USSD banking.

UPI (Unified Payments Interface)

The Unified Payments Interface or UPI is an instant real-time payment LJP ilb
system developed by the National Payments Corporation of India
(NCPl) to facilitate inter-bank transactions.lt allows to transfer funds
(send or request money) instantly between two bank accounts through unified payments interface
the mobile apps. Some popular UPI apps that we can download and use upi is digital payment interface
on the smartphone are BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money), SBl UPI aPP,iMobile,PhonePe, Paytm,Google Pay,
etc.Some banks such as PNB, HDFC,Allahabad Bank, Union Bank,etc.have also developed their own UPI
apps to facilitate their customers UPI services.
To use the UPI services, we need to download and install any UPI app to our smartphone. After
installation we can link our bank accounts (one or more) to a single UPI app and create a Virtual Payment
Address (VPA) or UPI ID with a six digits UPI PIN (also called MPIN).UP1 allows to send or request money
from/to bank account mapped using VPA, Mobile number, Account number and IFSC, Aadhar number or
using QR code.

E-Wallets
An E-wallet or mobile wallet is the digital version of your physical
wallet with more functionality.We can keep our money in an E-wallet payl ,, ;'
and use it when needed. We can use E-wallets to recharge a
mobi|enumbeB a dishTV connection;pay electricity and other bills; pay
at restaurants and other places as well as send money to our friendS.Ee Paytm is a popular e-wallet service
Wallets also give additional cashback offers.Some of the most commonly used E-wallets in India are the
PayTm,Mobikwik, PayUMoney, Freecharge,etc.

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Fastrack - 10 '

E-Government
E"government is an abbreviation for Electronic " " """" " " ' "°'
government. E-government is a general term for the use g,d'!y:i± "g i
of electronic communications devices,computers and the .. 1"i
Internet to provide public services to citizens and other
persons in a country.Some of its features are: EE Ab ==="" 2

I. Payment of telephone,electricity and other bills online. Y"z='— tEw =:=.

2. The availability of government forms (passport forms,
"
driving licensing issue/renewal forms) online. _ iU
3 S b ' ' f " " f . . . An E-government website
. u mission of orms and inquiry or passportand drivinghcenses.
4. Payment of lncomeTax online and online land records (incorporating details of ownership,value of
1and,etc.).
Note: The website https://www.india.gov.in is the national online portal of India that provides
Indian citizens knowledge about the Government schemes and the use of public services online.

E-Shopping
The process of shopping done over the Internet is called online shopping
or E-shopping, whereby consumers can buy goods or services directly a .,,

from a seller in real-time, over the Internet. If an intermediary service is (d) y ,. _

involved, the process is called Electronic commerce. Online shopping is
used for business to business (B2B) transactions or business to customer MyhTrA,,m \'ebh1.
(B2C) transactions, with applications of e-commerce.There are a number 'napdeals jungl·· T=iEa
of sites over the Internet that facilitate e-shopping such as amazon.com, "-'hopping sites
futurebazaar.com and ebay.com. Some advantages of e-shopping are as follows:
I. E-Shopping offers a wider selection of goods and services and thus a greater choice at optimal prices
2. Online stores are usually open for business 24 hours a day, and many consumers have lnterne
access both at work and at home.
3. Searching or browsing an online catalog can be faster than browsing the aisles of a physical store.
4. One can avoid crcvvded malls,waiting in long queues,and problems with parking.

E-Reservation
E-Reservation refers to the online reservation in a flight,
train, hotel (trivago.com) or in a theatre to watch a movie,using
the Internet as the medium. The e-reservation facility liberates
us from the task of visiting an airlines office or a railway
reservation counteK etc. to reserve our journey tickets. This
facility has proved to be of immense help to people who wantto
undertake planned tours to visit distant places.
To book e-tickets for trains or flights we can visit the IRCTC
website https://www.irctc.co.in.

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Services on the Internet

E-Groups
An E-group (often termed as an online group, community, or club) is a feature in many social network
services that allows users to create and post comments and share ideas on the forums that cater to
their specific interests.These groups are formed to provide mini-networks within the largeZ more
diverse social network services and may allow for open or closed access or access by invitation to
other users outside the group. Much like electronic mailing 1ists,they are also owned and maintained by
owners,moderators or managers that possess the capability of editing posts to discussion threads and
regulating member behavior within the group.
Mobile Technology
Mobile technology (or wireless telephone technology) refers to the technology that is mainly
used for cellular communications (or mobile communications). It involves the use of mobile devices
such as smartphones,tablets and present-day modern devices that can be used for communication and
other purposes.The mobile technplogy has evolved rapidly over the past few years. It has improved
from a simple mobile phones used for voice calls and text-messaging into a multi-tasking smartphone
used for GPS navigation,lnternet browsing,gaming,instant messaging,viewing videos,listening to music
etc.The mobile technology is based on the CDMA (Code-Division MultipleAccess) and GSM (Global
System for Mobile communications) standards.

SMS (Short Message Service)

SMS which stands for Short Message Service is a text-messaging service that allows mobile phone
users to exchange short text messages.An SMS message can contain a maximum of I 60 alpha-numeric
characters.The SMS messages are sent over the cellular networks (or by the internet connection)
using some standardized communication protocols. Unlike voice calls, SMS messages can be sent even
if the receiver's mobile phone is switched off or not within the range.Whenever the receiver switches
on his/her mobile phone,the message will be delivered.
SMS is a good means of communication that people can use for personal,family, social purpose and for
business. Most advertising companies and service providers send messages directly to the customers
to promote their products. E-commerce websites |ikeAm¥on, Flipkart, etc. use automated systems of
sending messages to help customers know about the stayS of their orders.

MMS (Multimedia Messaging ServiCe)

Multimedia Messaging Service or MMS is a way of sending multimedia messages almost
instantaneously that can,contain text, images, audio or video clips, presentations, etc.from one mobile
phone to another mobile phone over the cellular network.The MMS standards were developed by the
3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) to allow multimedia communications between capable
mobile phones and other devices. Unlike the SMS,the MMS does not restrict the length of characters
(more than I 60 characters) in a message.
Most people use MMS messaging for the immediate delivery of photographs between camera-
equipped mobile phones. Media companies utilize MMS on a commercial basis as a method of
delivering news and entertainment content. Advertising companies use this service to send
photographs and other information of their products to the customers for promotional purposes.

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Fastimck- 10

Generations of Mobile Technology

The development of mobile technology or wireless telephone technology can be divided into five main
generations known as IG,2G,3G,4G and 5G.
iG (First-generation)
I G refers to the first generation of wireless telephone technology or mobile te|ecommunications,
Mobile phones of this generation used analog signals to make phone calls.This generation started from
1980s and was replaced by 2G digital telecommunications in 1990s.

2G (Second-generation)
2G refers to the second generation of mobile technology that is based on the GSM standards.This
technology uses digital networks for phone conversations and provides text and multimedia messaging
services such as SMS and MMS.2G requires strong digital signals to help mobile phone function.The 2G
technology on cellular networks was first launched in Finland in the year 1991. In India 2G was
launched byVidesh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) in 1995.

3G (Third-generation)
3G refers to the third generation of mobile telecommunications technology that was launched in I 998
as an upgrade for 2G networks for faster internet access.ln India 3G was launched by MTNL in 2008.lt
uses a set of standards that provides services such as mobile telephony, faster web browsing, video
calling, mobile TY 3D gaming, downloading and uploading files, sending and receiving large e-mail
messages,etc.The data transfer rate is from 144 Kbps to 2 Mbps.

4G (Fourth-generation)
4G is the fourth generation of mobile telecommunications technology whose
standards were defined by the Radiocommunication sector of International (( ) )
elecommunication Union (ITU-R) in March 2008.ln India 4G services was first
launched byAirtel in 2012. It is a broadband cellular network technology that 4
allows Internet access on mobile devices such as smartphones at a much faster
speed from 100 Mbps to ! Gbps. Using the 4G broadband connection,we can
take advantages of ac!'danced services such as IP telephony, video conferencing,
HD mobile TV, live videos, 3D gaming, cloud computing, etc. at a higher speed. 4G LTE (Fourth-
geneniion LongTerm Evolution) and 4GVoLTE (Fourth-generationVoice over LongTerm Evolution)
are the fastest type of broadband internet connections for mobile devices. Airtel,jio,Vodafone, BSNL
and Idea are telecom companies that provide 4G services to their customers.

5G (Fifth-generation)
5G is the next generation technology in the area of mobile telecommunications.According to the 1TU
IMT-2020 standards the 5G network should provide 20 Gbps the maximum data transfer speed (in
downloading). However, the 3GPP standards body has released the 5G New Radio (NR) specification
in 2017 and chips are already being built as '5G-ready'. 5G technology is not available yet but the US,
South Korea,Sweden,Turkey,japan and China are leaders who are developing it.

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Summing Up
/i A Search Engine is a program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of
"\
the documents where the keywords were found.
0 To use search engines effectively, it is essential to apply techniques that narrow results and push the
most relevant pages to the top of the results list. These techniques are Boolean Search and Phrase
search.
0 The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services. These services are -
e- mail, Internet Relay Chat, Newsgroups, Social Networking and Video Conferencing.
0 The Electronic mail or'E-mail' is a system of creating, sending and storing textual messages (with or
without Multimedia attachments) in digital form over Internet.
0 Using chatting and instant messaging services of the Internet you can exchange textual
communications with your acquitances.
0 WhatsApp is a popular instant messaging application for mobile devices to help users chat, share
photos and other media and communicate through voice or video calls.
· Newsgroups also called as discussion groups are communities of like-minded people created on the
Internet to share thoughts, comment on a particularissue as well as meet new Mends.
0 A biog is a kind of web site which is usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of
commentary, description of events, or other material such as graphics or video.
· Video-conferencing is a method of combining simultaneous video and audio so that a meaningful
discussion or meeting can take place in real-time over the Internet.
· E-commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities related to the buying or selling of
goods and services.
· E-learning provides opportunity for students to have distant education from universities across the
world. They can learn almost anytime and from anywhere at their own pace.
· E-banking means electronic banking via the Internet. It is a system of banking in which customers
can viewtheir account details, pay bills, and transfer money by means of the Internet.
· E-government refers to the use of electronic communications devices, computers and the Internet
to provide public services to citizens and other persons in a country
· The process of shopping done over the Internet is called E-shopping.
· The E-reservation is a service on the Internet for booking airline tickets, train tickets or movie tickets
using the Internet.
0 E-group is a feature in many social network services which allows users to create and post
comments and share ideas on the forums that cater to their specific interests.
0 Mobile technology refers to the technology that is mainly used for cellular communications.
0 The development of mobile technology or wireless telephone technology is divided into five
generations - 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G.
0 3G and 4G are the latest mobile telecommunications technologies that provide services such as

.,, internet browsing, video calling, HD mobile TV, 3D gaming, etc. at a faster speed on mobile devices.

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Fastrack .i

&$olved MCQs
1. The Boolean search command that returns links to pages not containing a specific word is
a. NOT b. AND
C. OR
d. None of these
2. Chatting is a communication done through
a. text messages b. voice messages
c. video interface d. All of these
3. The incoming mails are stored in
a. Outbox b. Inbox
c. Sentbox d. Trash
4. Banking done through the Internet is termed as
a. phone banking b. e-banking
c. ex banking d. digital banking
5. A regularly updated website or web page run by an individual is called a
a. Facebook b. Biog
c. Chat d. WordPress
6. Which of the following statements about search engine is true?
a. Search engines discriminate between good and bad sites
b. Search engines have fixed hours when we can use them
c. Search engines are waste of time as they do not provide relevant information
d. Search engine is a program designed to search forinformation on the web using keywords
7. Whatcan you do with the Internet?
a. Exchange information with Mends and colleagues
b. Access pictures, sounds, video clips and other media elements
c. Find diverse perspective on issues from a global audience
d. All of the above
8. The maximumlength of an SMS is:
a. 140 characters b. 150 characters
c. 160 characters d. 170 characters
9. MMS allows to exchange which of the following objects?
a. Pictures b. Audio clips
c. Presentations d. All of these

Answers: I) a 2) a 3) b 4) b 5) b 6) d 7) d 8)c 9) d
.

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&$olved QUESTIONS
Q.l. Give one advantage ofE-mail over ordinary mailing method?
I

Ans. The main advantage of E-mail over ordinary Mailing system is that messages and files can be sent
across any part of the world within seconds. Moreover, E-mail is very cost-effective.
Q.2. Define Search engine in atleast 50 words.
Ans. A Search Engine is a program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of
the documents where the keywords were found. Search Engines maintain large databases of Web
pages, including many othertypes of Web documents like biogs, wild pages, group discussion links and
document formats (for example, PDFs, Word or Excel documents, PowerPoints presentations, etc).
Q.3. When using a Search Engine, what does minus sign used with a keywords in the search box
mean? Explain in brief with the help of an example.
Ans. A minus sign used with keywords in the search box mean that the keyword is to be excluded from the
Search string.
Q.4. Name two different parts of an e-mail address with the help of an example.
Ans. The two parts of an E-mail address are Usemame and Domain name. These two parts are separated
by "@" symbol. The syntax of using them is as follows :
username@domain name for host server
Example : abc@hotreail.com
Q.5. State one advantage of video conferencing over personal face to face business meetings.
Ans. The main advantage of video conferencing over personal face to face business meetings is that
through video conferencing, meeting can be conducted between persons without they being
physically present at a particular place.
Q.6. Whatis InternetRelay Chat (IRC)?
Ans. IRC or Internet Relay Chat is a multi-user, multi-channel chatting system. IRC is a free service using
which we can communicate with people from all over the world.
Q.7. What are Newsgroups?
Ans. Newsgroups also called as discussion groups are communities of like-minded people created on the
Internet to share thoughts, comment on a particular issue as well as meet new friends. It is source of
both information and communication between a group of people.
Q.8. What is E-commerce?
Ans. E-commerce or Electronic commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for products
and services.

Q.9. Whatis MMS?

Ans. Multimedia Messaging Service or MMS is a way of sending multimedia messages almost
instantaneously that can contain text, images, audio or video clip, presentations, etc. from one
mobile phone to another mobile phone over the cellular network.
Q.10. Whatis 4G?
Ans. 4G is a broadband cellular network technology that allows Internet access on mobile devices such as
smartphones at much fasterspeed (from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps).

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EXERCISE TIME
I Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):
1. Which software helps you to retrieve information from the web server over tl
Internet?
a. MS Windows b. Web browser
c. MS Word d. Utility software
2. Which of the following is not a search engine?
a. Google
b. MacFee
c. Yahoo
d. Rediff
3. An e-mail address is made up of

a. one part b. two parts

c. three parts d. four parts
4. Which of the followingis nota Boolean search operator?
". AND b. NOT
C. OR d. /
5. Which of the following is not a social networking site?
a. Linkedln
b. FaceBook
c. MySpace d. eBlogger
6. Buying and selling goods and services over the Internetis termed as:
a. E-banking b. E-learning
c. E-commerce d. E-government
7. Which of the followingis a facility forrealtime textual talk?
a. E-mail b. Video Conferencing
c. Chatting d. Telephony
g. E-learning is
a. learning about electricity b. a distantlearning facility on Internet
c. a new learningtechnology d. none of these
). Which of the following best explains e-governance?
a. Improving the functioning of government
b. Teaching government employees the basics of computing
c. Delivery of public services through Internet
d. Framing of cyber-laws of chatting on Internet

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10. E-shopping means

a. Error prone shopping b. Error free shopping
Y
c. Shopping using Internet tools and applications d. None of these
1 1. Whatdoes the term LTE stand for?
a. Live Technology Evolution b. Live Term Evolution
c. Long Term Evolution d. None of these
12. The data transfer speed of 3G network is:
a. Up to 2 Mbps b. Up to 10 Mbps
c. Up to 1 Gbps d. Up to 10 Gbps

II Objective Type Questions:

I. Fill in the blanks.
a. abc@mnc.co.in represents an
.
b. The communication services available on Internet are
, and .
c. Websites that enable you to converse with other web users are called sites.
d. The is a website that provides email facility to the Internet users.
e. A is a kind of web site which is usually maintained by an individual.
f. is a popular website that allows you to find people on the Internet.
g. Any text, audio, video or multimedia files that can be sent alongwith an email message are
called as .
h. refers to a wide range of online business activities done over the Internet.
i. is a method of combining simultaneous video and audio so that a
meainingful discussion or meeting can take place in real-time over the Internet.
' j. SMS and MMS services were started in generation of mobile technology.
k. In the term 4G, the letter G stands for ,

2. Write 'T' forTrue and 'F' forFalse inthe D.

a. Chatis a real time exchange of written dialogues between two people.
b. On a newsgroup, you are not allowed to add your ownposting.
m
c. Twitteris a popular microblogging site.
m
d. The e-bankingis same as e-commerce.
m
e. Blogis a website maintained by an organization.
m
f. You can send an e-mail to more than one person at a time. m
g. Google Talkis an instant messaging software. m
h. Social networking sites allow you to communicate with people and know their m
thoughts throughout the world.
D
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i. Video-conferencing requires multimedia computer, microphone,
internet connection. web camera and
j· In an MMS only 160 characters can be sent at a time.
U
k. "ext-messaging is a means of communications used for ersona an commercial
Ptirposes. p 1 d [J
III Short answer tj'pe questions:
1. What is a Search engine?
[J
2. Mention any two iises of Internet.
3- Whatis a biog?
4. Define the following terms:
a. E-mail
b. E-Learning c. Newsgroup
d. Instant messaging
e. Video conferencing f. E-government
5. What do you understand by a social networking site?
6. What is meant by Boolean search?
7. What is E-banking?
8. Name the different searching techniques used to retrieve information on Internet.
9. Name any four Search engines.
10. Name the operators used for Boolean search.
1 1. What is WhatsApp?
12. Name any two social networking sites.
13. Name the web service used for sending letters and documents over the Internet.
14. How many parts does an E-mail address has ? Name them.
15. Name the world's leading social networking site.
16. Name a social networking site that allows you to upload photos and videos.
17. Name the software which help us to search an information on Internet.
18. Write the full forms of SMS and MMS.
19. Write any two differences between 3G and 4G networks.

' Long answer type questions:

1. Discuss the different types of services available on the Internet.
2. What are Newsgroups? How do they work?
3. What are the different ways of communications over the Internet?
4. Write the use of each part of an e-mail message.
5. What do you understand by Social Networking? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
6. What is E-commerce? Discuss how e-commerce is useful forboth seller andbuyer.
7. Discuss the different generations of mobile technology in brief.
8. Differentiate between SMS and MMS.

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