Lecture 2 A/D Converter
Principles of Digital Communications
Elements of Communication System
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
➢ Electronic communication is the transmission,
reception, and processing of information with
the use of electronic circuits.
➢ Information is defined as knowledge or
intelligence that is communicated (i.e.,
transmitted or received) between two or more
points.
➢ Modulation is the process of impressing a
baseband signal, modulator, upon a higher
frequency signal called carrier to make it more
compatible with the medium used between two
communicating devices.
ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Nikka
➢ is a system that converts an analog signal,
such as a sound picked up by a microphone or
light entering a digital camera, into a digital
signal.
➢ Typically the digital output is a two's
complement binary number that is proportional
to the input, but there are other possibilities.
➢ an ADC does the conversion periodically,
sampling the input, limiting the allowable
bandwidth of the input signal.
SOURCE ENCODER/DECODER
➢ The source generates a signal s and maps the
signal s into the bitstream b.
➢ The bitstream is transmitted over the error
control channel and the received bitstream b is
processed by the source decoder that
reconstructs the decoded signal s and delivers it
to the sink which is typically a human observer.
➢ Also called a source codec.
CHANNEL ENCODER/DECODER
➢ The error characteristic of the digital channel
can be controlled by the channel encoder, which
adds redundancy to the bits at the source
encoder output b.
➢ The modulator maps the channel encoder
output to an analog signal, which is suitable for
transmission over a physical channel.
➢ The channel decoder processes the digital
signal and produces the received bitstream b,
which may be identical to b even in the presence
of channel noise.
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
➢ Digital Communications includes systems
where relatively high frequency analog carriers
are modulated by relatively low frequency digital
information signals (digital radio) and systems
involving the transmission of digital pulses
(digital transmission).
➢ Digital transmission systems transport
information in digital form and, therefore,
require a physical facility between the
transmitter and receiver.