Preventing Mice In Our

Houses By Using
Clove Coil
A Quantitative Research Paper

Presented to

Senior Highschool

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research 2

Prepared and submitted by:

Acmad, Rohanie M.
Asamao, Halem S.
Bantawi, Jamayah A.
Diaz, Adrian
Rosales, Avie B.
Sumandal, Reine Christian P.
Villa, Vince C.
Introduction
Mice pose a threat. They have a dangerous illness. a condition that might harm a person's
health. Mice can contract illnesses such Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis, Hantavirus Pulmonary
Syndrome, and Lymphatic Choriomeningitis. Additionally, mouse droppings can spread this
particular sickness. It might land on items you're about to eat or touch, including food. Mice are
prone to various illnesses because they enjoy entering dirty, cramped, and gloomy spaces. That
undoubtedly contains a wide variety of germs. Additionally, given that mice are present, those
bacteria can spread to them.

Theres a lot of solution to prevent mice but there still mice in our houses. And we researcher
found an another solution for it which is easy to easy to make for the family who really wants to
prevent mice in their house.

Background of the Study

One issue that affects parents, families, and teenagers is mice. Because mice are unclean and
a pest, they pose a risk to human health. Many people are terrified of mice and become
extremely frightened when they are nearby. They are afraid that if the mouse touch them, they
may contract a disease. A severe illness.Mice enjoy ruining objects, chewing walls, and
gnawing on electrical wiring, which might result in undesirable situations. and definitely has an
impact on individuals.

Mice are social creatures that have highly hierarchical social structures. They will vigorously
defend their lands within these groups. Mothers that have just given birth will also fiercely
protect their puppies and domains. Even though they are nocturnal, mice can adapt to their
surroundings. Mice can bite even if they are cautious. Pheromones dominate mouse behavior to
a large extent.

Cloves are dried flower buds from the clove tree, which is native to Indonesia. They are a well-
liked spice that people add to rice dishes, meats, sauces, soups, and stews.
Since the shape of a dried clove is similar to that of a nail, their name derives from the Latin
word clavus, which meaning nail.
Cloves have long been used in cooking and traditional medicine, but it is only recently that
researchers have started looking into their potential health advantages.

Neem includes compounds that may lower blood sugar levels, treat stomach ulcers, eliminate
bacteria, and stop plaque from accumulating in the mouth.
Cloves and neem are not originated from Philippines. Though we researchers found where we
can found it, and it also prove that cloves and neem are mostly used for pest, or to prevent
bacterias and its also a medicinal uses.

We reasearchers will conduct an experiment that includes the dried cloves and fresh neem with
other ingredients and tools. And by using those ingredients tools/equipments, we can create coil
that we are going to use to prevent the mice.

Review of Related Literatures

The MICE industry in the Philippines has grown and grown over time with international

conventions and exhibitions held in the country. One of the main venues is the WTCMM, which,
with its comprehensive event facilities, ability to accommodate large numbers of attendees and
strategic location, has the know-how to host the largest events.

Mice are a threat. They have a dangerous disease. a condition that can harm a person's health.

Mice can contract diseases such as leptospirosis, salmonellosis, hantavirus pulmonary
syndrome, and lymphatic choriomeningitis. Additionally, mouse droppings can spread this
particular disease. It might land on things you want to eat or touch, including food. Mice are
prone to various diseases as they like to
enter dirty, cramped and dark spaces. This undoubtedly contains a variety of germs. Also,
since mice are present, these bacteria can spread to them.

Mice are a problem for every family because we can see that it is not sure if they are close
to us, because they can bite that person and that person can get a disease from the mouse.
Even when some people test or develop tools to keep mice out of their homes, people continue
to struggle to stop them. It helps us, but if there are still mice in our homes, we can't feel safe.
So we're going to do an experiment to keep mice out of our homes without harming or killing
them. to protect us from all the harm that mice can cause.

Bioinsecticides based on plant essential oils.

Humans have traditionally used plant essential oils, mostly as flavoring and fragrance
ingredients derived from the ancient uses of aromatic plants as culinary herbs and
spices. Their range of applications has expanded in recent years due to their value in
human medicine, as phytopharmaceuticals, and in aromatherapy. These uses, along
with their widespread use in foods and beverages, have defined their relative safety
through both empirical practice and more thorough experimental evaluation in animal
models. Essential oils have received a lot of attention recently because of their wide
spectrum of anti-pest and anti-disease bioactivities, which suggests that they could
replace synthetic chemical pesticides for crop protection and other pest management
applications.The range of essential oils' possible applications has led to an explosion in
both academic and commercial study of these plant-derived substances' biological
effects. For instance, a bibliometric evaluation of the published studies on plant
pesticides.(Isman MB, Grieneisen MJ. 2014;19:140–5.) The commercialization of
bioinsecticides, which began in the USA about 20 years ago, was considerably aided by
the regulatory approval process for other pesticides being waived for some essential
oils and a few of their key constituents as pesticidal active ingredients. (Isman MB,
Grieneisen MJ. , 2014;19:140–5.)

Potential use of clove and cinnamon essential oils to control the bean
weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, in small storage units

Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) is a bean weevil that is a neotropical insect pest that
feeds on both wild and domesticated common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)) (Abate
and Ampofo, 1996; Alvarez et al., 2005; Alvarez et al., 2006; Jovanovi et al., 2007; Paul
et al., 2009; South A. infestations As beans are transported to storage facilities,
obtectus continues in the field and causes significant losses (Baier and Webster, 1992).
Along with the Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) Mexican bean weevil, A. Obtectus are
to blame for significant losses on beans that were kept in storage in Latin America.
countries like Brazil and Ecuador (Castillo and Gallegos, 1995, Oliveira et al., 1979,
Teixeira and Zucoloto, 2012, Vilca Mallqui et al., 2013). Without treatment, the A.
Obtectus populations multiply exponentially and can completely destroy the stored
crops within a few months (Gobiowski et al., 2008). As a result, small farmers
(especially subsistence producers) might be forced to sell their production soon after
harvest or, worse yet, extinguish their bean seeds that had been saved on the farm from
previous harvest.

The administration of A. Small farmers don't use any obtectus on storage facilities, but
large storage facilities use synthetic insecticides like phosphine, pyrethroids, and
organophosphates (Daglish et al., 1993, Oliveira et al., 2013). However, due to worries
about pest resistance, health risks, and environmental contamination, the use of these
compounds has recently come under close scrutiny (Daglish, 2008; Subramanyam and
Hagstrum, 1995). This has sparked an environmental movement that looks for
sustainable alternatives to pest control (Dayan et al., 2009, Isman, 2006, Isman, 2008,
Rattan, 2010, Regnault-Roger et al., 2012).
Essential oils and other plant-based products have been proposed as suitable
alternatives to conventional insecticides for the control of mites and insect pests all over
the world (Castillo et al., 2009; Fang et al., 2010; Konstantopoulou et al., 1992; Morais
et al., 2006; Murungi et al., 2013; Pascual-Villalobos and Robledo, 1998; Pavela, 2011),
including A obtectus (Papachristos et al., 2004, Regnault-Roger et al., 1993).
(Papachristos et al., 2004, Regnault-Roger et al., 1993). By interfering with the insect
nervous system, specifically acting on the GABAnergic (Bloomquist et al., 2008,
Priestley et al., 2003, Tong and Regnault-Roger, 1994, Weaver et al., 1991), essential
oils exert insecticidal effects or disrupt insect development (Konstantopoulou et al.,
1992, Regnault-Roger and Hamraoui, 1994, WeaverCoats, 2012), aminergic (Enan,
2001, 2005a, 2005b, Kostyukovsky et al., 2002), and acetylcholinesterase inhibition
(Keane and Ryan, 1999, López and Pascual-Villalobos, 2010, Ryan and Byrne, 1988)
transmissions.

Cloves Regulate Na+-K+-ATPase to Exert

Antioxidant Effect and Inhibit UVB Light-Induced Skin Damage in Mice

The skin serves as the body's first line of defense against the outside world and controls
several bodily functions including immunity, temperature regulation, sensation,
secretion, and excretion. The majority of skin damage brought on by diverse external
stimuli is physical and chemical in nature. Physical harm will result from UV radiation,
infrared radiation, dust, and smog, with UV radiation being the most severe. (E. Lee, J.
Koo, and T. Berger, 2005). The acute skin damage brought on by UV rays is most
noticeable as a red, dry cortex, damaged epidermis, relaxed muscles, rough creases,
and a leather-like appearance. According to studies, UV damage can cause the skin to
severely keratinize, which hinders the flow of chemicals and energy. The epidermal
layer flattens, the papillary and protrusion layers of the epidermis vanish, the epidermal
capillaries distort, the immune system becomes less active, and melanoma cells
proliferate in an inflammatory manner. (P. Sharma, M. K. Montes de Oca, A. R.
Alkeswani et al.,2018). The extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen fibers disintegrating,
collagen loss, and inflammatory cell infiltration are the key pathological characteristics of
the injured skin tissue. Skin light damage is currently a growing source of concern for
people as it not only compromises human health but also negatively impacts people's
physical and emotional well-being, their sense of beauty, and even results in mental
illnesses. (Y. Matsuura-Hachiya, Y. Nakai, K. Abe, T. Nishiyama, and K. Y. Arai , 2015).
The blossom buds of a tree called Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr are picked to make
cloves. & L.M. Perry) in the family Myrtaceae. They have antibacterial and immune-
boosting effects and are utilized in Chinese medicine and functional foods all over the
world [4, 5]. Cloves are utilized in the manufacturing of cosmetics. (C. Maidment, A.
Dyson, and I. Haysom ,2006). According to studies, cloves can significantly reduce
inflammation and scarring while hastening the healing of skin wounds. Therefore, using
cloves to prevent skin photodamage may be beneficial. (H. Xu, M. Delling, J. C. Jun,
and D. E. Clapham ,2006).

Eugenol (an essential oil of clove) acts as an antibacterial agent

against Salmonella typhi by disrupting the cellular membrane
Salmonella typhi (Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. typhi) is a disease that only
infects humans and is responsible for 200,000 fatalities annually as well as 21 million
cases of typhoid fever. The disease is widespread in developing nations, especially in
Southeast Asia, Africa, Central America, and the Indian subcontinent. Salmonella typhi
infection is typically brought on by consuming contaminated food and drink (Stearns and
Koella, 2008). Salmonella is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family and is a Gram-
negative, motile rod. Salmonella is divided into more than 2200 serovars based on the
results of serology. The ability of Salmonella typhi to pass through the distal ileum's
mucosa and to live and grow inside of macrophages is crucial for the bacteria to be
contagious (Contreras et al., 1997). It prevents the oxidative burst, which renders the
innate immune system ineffective of lymphocytes. Salmonellosis and gastroenteritis are
caused by the bacterium's significant destruction to gut epithelial cells once it enters the
bloodstream (typhoid). Salmonella is susceptible to a variety of medicines and
medications, including fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and
ampicillin, however the strain has become resistant to these medications in many
developing nations (Finch, 2003). According to reports from India, ciprofloxacin has
started to cause enteric fever with delayed clinical responses and clinically quinolone-
resistant typhoid fever (Nath et al., 2000). Influence of resistance on clinical outcomes
and the harmful function of Salmonella infection in the development of human diseases,
The result sparked research into innovative treatments, and natural products may offer
complementary treatments for salmonellosis. Natural substances have tremendous
therapeutic potential without causing the causing organisms to acquire resistance
(Culafic et al., 2005). The antibacterial properties of various plant oil extracts and their
constituent parts have been the subject of research in the field of medicine and
therapies over the past ten years (Gill and Holly, 2006). Particularly, it has been noted
that essential oils from aromatic medicinal herbs have very effective antimicrobial
actions against bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungus, and viruses (Reichling et al.,
2009). Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a naturally occurring phenol essential oil
that is extracted from cloves. It is known to be an antioxidant, a monoamine oxidase
(MAO) inhibitor, and to have neuroprotective benefits (Jirovetz et al., 2006; Ogata et al.,
2000). (Kabuto et al., 2007). Additionally, eugenol has strong bactericidal activity
against a variety of species, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes (Walsh et al., 2003). (Filgueiras
and Vanetti, 2006). Previous research revealed that eugenol's antibacterial effect
involves cytoplasmic membrane rupture, which increases its non-specific permeability
(Gill and Holly, 2006). Additionally, eugenol's hydrophobic properties allow it to pass
through the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria's cell membrane and change
the structure of the cell, which then causes the release of intracellular components
(Burt, 2004). Recent research suggests that the hydroxyl group on eugenol may attach
to proteins and hinder Enterobacter aerogenes from producing enzymes (Burt,
2004).Although eugenol has been shown to have in vitro antimicrobial activity against a
number of pathogens in the past, nothing is known regarding its activity and mode of
action against Salmonella typhi. Eugenol's method of bactericidal action against
Salmonella typhi was therefore assessed in the current investigation.

Clove extract and eugenol suppress inflammatory responses elicited

by Propionibacterium acnes in vitro and in vivo

An inflammatory skin condition known as acne vulgaris. All acne lesions have displayed
inflammation (the preclinical microcomedo, comedones, inflammatory lesions, post-
inflammatory erythema or hyperpigmentation, and scarring). Inflammation manifests
itself at every step of the acne lesion's development (Dreno et al., 2015). In both
extremely early (microcomedogenic) and late (inflammatory) acne lesions,
Propionibacterium acnes is a trigger for innate immunity and encourages both acute
and chronic inflammation (Dreno et al., 2015; Tanghetti, 2013). P. acnes can release
chemotactic substances through the activation of toll-like receptor 2 and cause the
release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, interleukin (IL)-
6, IL-8, IL-1, and IL-12, as well as other inflammatory cytokines (Kim et al., 2002;
Kurokawa et al., 2009; Tanghetti,2013). It is believed that pro-inflammatory cytokines
are to blame for the development of follicular hyperkeratinization and the appearance of
inflammatory acne lesions (Tanghetti, 2013). Anti-inflammatory medications should be
successful in treating acne because inflammation is essential to all forms of acne
lesions.

Traditional herbal extracts have been used to treat a number of inflammatory illnesses.
The well-known spice saffron's ethanolic extract may be used to treat rheumatoid
arthritis by reducing inflammation (Zamani Taghizadeh Rabe et al., 2015). It has been
demonstrated that an extract from Sasa veitchii leaves can reduce skin inflammation
brought on by contact sensitizers (Usuda, Fujii,&Nonogaki,2016). The use of natural
therapies as an acne therapy option is possible. These medicinal herbs' anti-acne
properties may entail a number of different processes, including as anti-bacterial, anti-
inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-androgen activity (Azimi, Fallah-Tafti, Khakshur, &
Abdollahi, 2012). In a recent study, we found that plant extracts from rosemary and wild
bitter melon, as well as the bioactive molecules they contain such rosmarinic acid,
phytol, lutein, and phenolic compounds, inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory
cytokines caused by P. acnes (Hsu et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2015; Tsai et al., 2013). In
this work, the impact of clove extract on P. acnes-induced inflammation was
investigated as part of our ongoing attempts to find promising bioactive natural
compounds with anti-acne action. The Syzygium aromaticum clove tree's dried blossom
buds are what we know as cloves (synonym: Eugenia caryophyllata). Due to its anti-
oxidant and anti-bacterial qualities, clove has been used in foods both as a flavour
agent and a preservative. Clove is used to treat dyspepsia, acute and chronic gastritis,
and diarrhea in traditional Chinese medicine. Numerous pharmacological and biological
characteristics of clove oil, including its anesthetic and analgesic effects as well as its
anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-
mutagenic, and neuroprotective activities, have been discovered (Bachiega, de Sousa,
Bastos, & Sforcin, 2012; Kamatou, Vermaak, & Viljoen, 2012; Kannappan, Gupta, Kim,
Reuter, & Aggarwal, 2011). Clove oil contains the flavoring ingredient eugenol (4-allyl-2-
methoxyphenol), which is frequently used in food, cosmetics, and dentistry goods like
zinc oxide-eugenol chelating cement. Eugenol has been shown in prior studies to have
anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective properties (Bachiega
et al., 2012; Devi, Nisha, Sakthivel, & Pandian, 2010; Nagababu, Rifkind, Boindala, &
Nakka, 2010; Prasad & Muralidhara, 2013). Clove has been used for a very long time all
over the world, although its effects on P. acnes-induced inflammatory skin disease are
still not completely understood. We wanted to find out if clove extract and eugenol had
any anti-inflammatorybenefitsonP.acnesinthisinvestigation.

Mice population increase due to climate change, as a demand soars for pest control in
the US, a common misconception is that mice are only attracted to dirty places or areas
with lots of trash. There are two mains things that can attract mice and rats to your
house it is food and shelter. A mice can produce 5-6 babies in three weeks. A typical
female mouse can produce between 5 to 10 litters per year.

Mice are sensitive to bright light and have poor eyesight. Survival instinct cause themto
avoid larger animals and being active at night helps mice avoid being seen by
predators. Because mice avoid danger, they may be scared of a strong smell because
mice have a strong smell sensation so if they smell a strong smell like clove they’ll
probably avoid because of their instinct.
Conceptual Framework

Water
1 cup of water

Dried Cloves Neem Leaves

100g 50 grams

Dried Cloves,
Starch Neem Leaves, Candle (Grind)
1 tbsp Candle, Starch, 1 tbsp
Water

Put one by one the ingredients in the blender and

mix it till the ingredients turn into viscous.

After that wrap it in foil.

Use the coil as the
molder and start
putting the
ingredients you
mixed.

Put it in oven for about 5 mins.

And after that you already have
a clove oil.
 Statement of the Problem

1. Will the scent of clove will intact in the coil if you lit fire on it?

2. What reaction you are expecting to see if you put the mice and the coil clove in one place?

3. Determine the effectiveness of 10% of cloves coil that equals to 100 gram and 5% of neem
leaves that equals to 50gram in terms of the reaction of the mice.

4. What would be the effects of clove coil to mice?

4.1 a day of using it

4.2 three days of using it
4.3 a week of using it

5. Did the clove coil prevent mice? Explain.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on how to keep mice out of our house. The study was conducted to
determined how to prevent mice in our house by using cloves. The aspect looked into the
impact of how this available possible ways can change or solve the problems of everyone’s
difficulty regarding in having mice in every corner of their houses, streets, and etc.

For this Experimental study, we’ll need cloves, a box that is made through plywoods and
especially the mouse. Therefore, This research is excludes the family who are living in a village
or subdivision.

Significance of the Study

This study was conducted to determined on how to prevent the mice in our houses. To keep us
safe from danger. And also to protect individuals health.

It aimed to know how to prevent the mice, and how harmful the mice are to us.

More specifically, this study was conducted to benefit the following:

Students

This study may help them to teach their parents and other people about preventing mice
in their houses by using cloves.

Parents

This research will help them to get rid of the mice.

Teachers

The outcome of this study will benefit them since they cn teach it to others and in that
way they can also promote it to others.

Future Researchers

This study will be useful reference for the researches is planning to make an experiment
that can solve or give a solution to the problem of the community.

Researchers

This research study will help them to know how to prevent the mice, and they can use it
in the future. Especially whe they encounter the same thing.

Definition of Terms

Leptospirosis - is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. once you get or touch
bacteria.

Hantaviruz Pulmonary Syndrome - is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans

caused by infection with hantaviruses.
Lymphatic Choriomengitis - is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease caused by lymphocytic
choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a member of the family Arenaviridae, that was initially isolated in
1933.

Salmonellosis - Salmonellosis is an infection with a bacteria called Salmonella, Salmonella live

in the intestinal tracts of animals, including birds. Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans
by eating foods contaminated with animal feces.

Cloves - Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium
aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a
spice, flavoring or fragrance in consumer products, such as toothpaste, soaps, or cosmetics.

Pest - A pest is any animal or plant harmful to humans or human concerns.