Mark Brian M.

Mariño
II - BSED MATHEMATICS

Final Examination
Social Science and Philosophy

Answer the following in three sentences or less.

1. Define philosophy.
Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality,
and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.
Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a
practitioner was known as a philosopher from the time of Ancient
Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, "natural philosophy"
encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics. Today, major subfields
of academic philosophy include metaphysics, which is concerned with
the fundamental nature of existence and reality; epistemology, which
studies the nature of knowledge and belief; ethics, which is concerned
with moral value; and logic, which studies the rules of inference that
allow one to derive conclusions from true premises.
2.State a role of philosophy and explain.
The first role of philosophy is to ask genuine philosophical questions for
it to justify its claim to be a legitimate science, the second role of
philosophy is that it pronounces judgement upon science and
technology and it gives meaning to science and technology, the third
role of philosophy is to provide the person with his "map of living" that
gives coherence to his activities and that makes a human life a
meaningful whole and the fourth role of philosophy is to uncover the
"meaning" of phenomena. Phenomena refer to those, which are
present-to-review things, those that appear. Philosophy is the main
function of the orientation of a person in the world of nature and
society. Everyone in some point in their life is facing the need to choose
and thereby exercises his freedom. Philosophy designed to help him
make the right choice. Philosophy turned to the world of values, creates
value theory to solve this problem.

3. Explain the role and function of religion.

The role and functions of religion is to know what beliefs and tradition
an individual or group should follow. There are a lot of roles of different
religion that everyone has a misunderstanding and misconception about
specific religion because some beliefs are against to the tradition of
other religions. That’s why it is very important to know the functions of
each religion for better understanding of our differences with regards to
our beliefs, values, tradition and culture.

4. Differentiate Classical Christian tradition and Contemporary

Christian tradition.
In our rapidly changing world with instant access to news stories,
cultural trends and popular entertainment “connected” individuals seek
untraditional ways to worship and express their faith. Modern churches
are more focused on community, world affairs and a more entertaining
style of delivering the word of God.

5. Explain what Confucianism is about.

Confucianism is an ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses on the
importance of personal ethics and morality. Whether it is only or a
philosophy or also a religion is debated. Confucianism encourages
cultivation of knowledge and expects an upholding of ethics deemed
suitable to the persons place in society. Children were expected to be
respectful to their elders, when the children grew up they were
expected to care for the parents until the afterlife and pray for them
once they had died. 

6. Explain what Buddhism is.

Buddhism is one of the world’s largest religions and originated 2,500
years ago in India. Buddhists believe that the human life is one of
suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good
behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or nirvana.Buddhism is
a tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development. Buddhists
strive for a deep insight into the true nature of life and do not worship
gods or deities.

7. Explain what Islam is.

The word Islam means, "complete surrender to God of oneself" and the
word Muslim means, "given to God."
Islam is a community, a religion, a way of life, a culture and a civilization.
It is religion of the book Qur'an. The life of man is supposed to be
witness and a testimony of faith in One God, Allah. Islam means to
achieve peace – peace with God, peace within oneself, and peace with
the creations of God – through wholly submitting oneself to God and
accepting His guidance.
8. On the topic of human rights, is extra-judicial killing under the
current administration justified? Explain. (You may exceed the
sentence limit.)
For me, extra-judicial killing under the current administration is
unjustified knowing extrajudicial killing is the killing of a person by
governmental authorities without the sanction of any judicial proceeding
or legal process, other than in lawful military and police operations and
killing without legal process is consider immoral. It is also violation to
human rights because killing the person who is not guilty is not just
against the human rights but it is also against to the law of God. Even if
the person found guilty, taking his life or killing is not the best way to
punish them. And I believe that there is no ethics when committing
another violence or crime to the person who commits crime. Let the law
punish the guilt.

9.Is Plato’s philosophy still relevant today? Explain.

Yes, Plato's ideas are still relevant today because of his vision of an
education that is inclusive of everyone, and its importance in creating a
just and moral state. These are ideas that have recognizably influenced
our society today, and there is much we can still learn from them as
well.Plato's philosophy is increasingly applicable to what we must learn
today. His writings are based on justice, politics and political health; all
of which are topics of heated discussion in today's society.

10. Is Aristotle’s philosophy still relevant today? Explain.

Yes, Aristotle's ideas are still relevant to some people despite its rarity in
the modern world. Aristotle's views overall can still be seen as relevant
to a modern society, with his huge scientific contribution, ideas of
human nature and some parts of his thoughts on the optimal polis. One
of Aristotle's most influential works is the Nicomachean Ethics, where he
presents a theory of happiness that is still relevant today, over 2,300
years later. It is easy enough to see that we desire money, pleasure, and
honor only because we believe that these goods will make us happy. The
influence of Aristotle's philosophy lives on and his reputation remains
untouched. Aristotle laid the groundwork for modern science and his
concepts of morality are still used today.