Bristow Helicopters Flight 56C

A. Model of the Aircraft and airlines.

AS 332L Super Puma helicopter. Aberdeen Airport, Scotland.

B. Picture and documentation.

C. 5w and 1h.

Who: There is 18 men including onboard the Commander of the flight Cedric Roberts and the first
officer was Lionel Sole.

When: The disaster occurred in January 19, 1995

What: The helicopter’s tail rotor is damaged and causes to malfunction and stop working.

Where: North Sea

Why: It is caused by a lighting strike in which the materials the materials of the tail rotor could not
withstand.

How: The weather in the North Sea can be unpredictable because this part of Europe is where the
warm winds from the Atlantic meets icy winds from the Arctic and Siberia. What happened is that
inside the clouds tiny ice crystals are pushed upwards by wind currents, and at the top of the clouds,
where it is much colder, they mix to create hail, which then plummets downward, generating friction
with the rising crystals, causing the crystals to become electrically charged.

But there is another concerning part in which the investigator found out. The rotor blade is made up of
carbon fibers that have a metal anti-corrosion stripes stick on to protect the edge. When the current
meets the metal strips it becomes very hot, there is intense arcing until the part of the strips explode.
So what they conclude is that the rotor blade tips cut through the crystal, producing more friction and
electricity to build up until it's all unleashed in a flash. The flash that hit the 56C was the only one
reported in the North Sea that day, and it was almost probably created by the helicopter. This part of
strips flew off and without its weight the rear rotor was unbalanced and it causes vibration. Few
minutes later Lionel Sole tested out the controls the rotor are put into a huge stress because of the
unbalance blade and the bolts holding it snapped.
Aeroflot Flight 593

A. Model of the Aircraft and airlines.

B. Picture and documentation.

C. 5w and 1h.

Who: 63 passengers including the boy named Eldar Kudrinsky and Yana Kudrinsky, and 12 crews
including the captain of Flight 593, Andrey Viktorovich Danilov, the first officer was Igor Vasilyevich
Piskaryov,and the relief pilot was Yaroslav Vladimirovich Kudrinsky.

When: March 23 1994

What: The airliner gets out of control and crashed

Where: Kuznetsk Ala-Tau Mountain range in Kemerovo Oblast.

Why: There are many contributing factors on why did the aircraft crashed. One is the involvement of
the outsider to cockpit and even worse hand over the control and the pilots are untrained to some the
situations and some detailed features of the aircraft that occurred and causes the crashed. Another is
that a little known feature of the plane is deadly. The autopilot partially disconnects itself even though
there no mention of it in the cockpit voice recording and then the huge trouble starts here.

How: The investigators found out that the son turns the wheel before his father told the autopilot to
turn the plane the controls is rigid because he is fighting the autopilot. Then the test pilot and accident
investigator Vladimir Biryukov and his partner reconstruct what happened and the events that took
place that might cause the crash, the test pilot copies Eldar’s every movement and after some time
the autopilot disconnects itself without any warning and at the cockpit of the Aeroflot Flight 593, no
one knows it. The resistance that Eldar puts on the wheel turns part of the autopilot off, it only takes
30 seconds for it to happen and at that time Eldar is the one who is controlling the aileron and now
steering the plane. Eldar turn the control columns against the programmed flight setting and this
disconnected the autopilot without warning from the aileron which turned the plane, the aircraft then
began an uncontrolled turn to the right which got steeper and steeper.

Now raises the question of why did the pilot never notice any signals that the autopilot have been
disengaged, the investigator said that the Russian planes do have an alarm sound in such an event
but the aircraft only have a small signal light to tell the crew that the autopilot is disconnected and
there no alarm and the Russian crew are unaware of it. The investigation also shows that the
autopilot still appears to be working normally because it's controlling the plane’s other functions
normally. Now the plane is banking but the situation is not that critical yet, Eldar notices that the
artificial horizon is at an angle. The three pilots don’t understand this at all because Kudrinsky returns
the flight to its autopilot heading.

At that time there an arc appears on the navigation panel which is similar to a waiting zone. This false
zone distracts the crew for a few seconds and at that time the plane crosses a critical threshold, the
airbus is now banking at 45 degrees which is beyond its limits, and now losing altitude. The airbus
autopilot is no longer controlling the ailerons, its other functions try to compensate by pulling the
plane’s nose up and increasing power to maintain altitude, it’s on the verge of stalling, part of the
control flight panel goes dark and it’s a warning sign that the plane has gone beyond its limits and the
aircraft is out of control.

By recreating the fatal flight the test pilot worked out how a lapse in judgment and concentration has
resulted in the disaster. The pilot of the 593 tried to bring the plane out of its fatal dive by pulling up
but they go too far, the plane climbs steeply and stalled. But the test pilot go through a different
method, as they are losing altitude and started to spin they let go of the wheel. The plane has a
survival mechanism that won’t allow it to stall even at a very low speed. If the pilot of the 593 knew it
they might come out of the disaster safe, but unfortunately, they don’t know of it.
Bristow Helicopters Flight 56C

A. Model of the Aircraft and airlines.

Model: Boeing 767-200ER

Airlines: Ethiopian Airlines

B. Picture and documentation.

C. 5w and 1h.

Who: 163 passengers including 3 hijackers namely Alemayehu Bekeli Belayneh, Mathias Solomon
Belay, and Sultan Ali Hussein and 12 flight crews including the pilots namely Captain Leul Abate and
the first officer on the flight was Yonas Mekuria.

When: November 23, 1996

What: The aircraft have a emergency sea landing and the plane crashes causing many deaths
including the hijackers.

Where: Shallow waters 500 off Le Galawa Beach Hotel, near Mitsamiouli on Grande Comore island's
northern tip.

Why: Plane Hijacking

How: 20 minutes into the flight the 3 Hijackers makes their move, they go straight to the cockpit and
after taking an axe and a fire extinguisher from the cockpit they hijacked the plane. The hijackers
threatened to ignite the bomb in the plane if the pilot doesn’t obey their demands. Hijackers tricked
the pilot that they are 11 of them but the truth is they are only 3 of them onboard; they assault and
force the first officer to get out of his seat and into the cabin. The Hijacker then demanded to fly to the
Australia and land there but the captain replied to them that there is not enough fuel to get them to
the Australia but the pilot replied that there is not enough fuel for them to fly to the Australia and
requested to land in a nearby place to refuel like Nairobi, Zanzibar or to Dar es Salaam , but the
hijacker didn’t believe it and they get some in-flight magazine and there indicates the maximum time
flight of 767 which is 11 hours and the flight to Australia is not more than 10 hours but the plane only
carries only around 3 ½ hours’ worth of fuel and the hijacker and the pilot argue about that but the
pilot can’t convinced the hijackers. One hijacker go out of the cabin and announce over the intercom
in Amharic, French, and English language that they had a bomb and would use it to blow up the plane
if anyone tried to interfere. After some time the captain decides to call help to a traffic control the
hijackers question it but the pilot said that they will ask why they are changing direction, the hijackers
commanded the pilot to say to the traffic control that they are hijacked and tell them where they are
going. The ATC advise them that they will not reach their destination and they will land on the ocean
instead and requested to land in a nearer place and refuel. Still the hijacker insists to continue on
traveling straight to Australia. The captain decides to defy the hijackers and continued south instead
of east towards the Australia because if anything happens they can have a more safe ditching
because the route will have a cities that are on the coastline. But the hijacker glances at the windows
and realized they’ve been tricked and the captain has no choice but to turn the plane east. A sound
alarm has been heard and one engine is now out of fuel, and shutting down and the plane begin to
descend. After some time all the engine are down and the plane begin descend even further to the
sea, the wheels are harder to control, the first officer go back to the cockpit to help the plane have a
smoother landing. The left wing is the first to touch the water, followed by the body, at this point the
plane crashed and causes the plane to break apart killing passengers. But the report also stated that
the crashed is not only the reason many have died, the other reason is that at the event of panic
many passengers didn’t listen to the captain that advise them not to inflate the life jacket but before
the landing, passengers inflate their life jacket causing them to be trapped inside by the rising water.
The disaster claimed the lives of 125 people including 3 hijackers but fortunately 50 people survives
with 46 being injured.