Experiment No.

- 3

Object: To perform load test on a three-phase induction motor & draw its Torque-speed
characteristic

List of equipment:

S. No. Equipment Specification /Range /Rating Qty.

1 Autotransformer , Input- 415V, Output-( 0 –470)V 10Amp. 1No.

2. Ammeter (0-5)Amp 1No.

3. Voltmeter (0-600)V 1No.

4. Wattmeter 750W, 150/300/600V, 5/10 Amp. 2No.

.
5. 3 Phase Induction Motor 1.5 KW/2HP/3.6Amp/ 1410 RPM, 1No.
415V /  Connection

Theory: Load test carried out on induction motor to determine its performance on load, and to
find out its efficiency, power, speed, and temperature rise, load characteristics are obtained by
testing the motor at high loads followed by low loads. The methods of loading the induction
motor for the load test are (i) brake method (ii) dynamometer method, (iii) load by calibrated
generator coupled to the motor. For this experiment, brake method is adopted.

The output of the motor is = 2N * 9.8 * (T1-T2) R / 60 (Watts) = P0

T1, T2 = Tension in the belt on tight side and slack side respectively in Kg
R = Effective radius of the pulley (in m)
N = Revolutions per minute.
g = Acceleration due to gravity in (m/sec2)

If two wattmeters are used for three-phase power measurement, then

Input power = (W1 + W2 ) * m.f. = Pi

Voltage rating x current rating
m.f. = multiplying factor of wattmeter =
No. of division on full scale reading

P0
Efficiency = x 100%
Pi
Input power = 3 VL IL Cos
VL = Input Line Voltage
IL = Input Line Current
Cos = Power factor
3 (W1-W2)
Tan =
(W1+W2)

Procedure:
(i) Connect the circuit as shown in figure – 1.
(ii) Start the motor under no load condition and apply rated voltage by autotransformer.
(ii) Gradually increase the load on the shaft of motor by tightening the belt till full load. Note
down the meter readings and tension.
(iii) Reduce the load in step by loosing the belt and note down the readings of ammeter,
voltmeter, wattmeter tachometer and tensions till no load.
Observations:

V I W1 W2 Torque N Output Efficiency. p.f

(Volt) (amp) (Kg) (Kg) (N-m) (R.P.M.) (watts)

Result :

Precautions:-

1. All connections should be tight and clean.

2. The power supply must be within the limits.
3. Care should be taken for making the connections.

Viva questions:-

1. Discuss all the above curves with reasons.

 Industrial application:-
1. The torque speed characteristic is very important while selecting induction motors for various
applications such as servo applications, drives etc.
2. Induction motors find a variety of applications in industry and home appliances.
 Circuit Diagram:-

3-phase
(TPIC Switch)
autotransformer (0-10 A)
M L
A W1 W2

R C V
V
(0-600 V)
STATOR

Y M

C V

M L
B

N ROTOR

Fig. 1 LOAD TEST ON A 3 –Φ INDUCTION MOTOR.