Experiment No.

– 5

Object: To Study the speed control of three phase induction motor by cascade connection
method and determine the slip.

List of equipment:

S No. Equipment Specification/Rang/Rating Qty.

1. Slip ring motor with stator 5 HP, 3 - ø, 3.7 KW, 1440 rpm, 415 V. 1 No.

2. Induction motor with D.O.L. stator 2.2 KW, 3 HP, 3 - ø , 945 rpm, 5.3 A, 415 V 1 No.

Theory:
Three-phase induction motor is basically a constant speed motor. One of the methods for
controlling the speed is cascading of two induction motors.

Cascade set consist of regulated instruction motor (main motor with phase wound rotor)
and one more electrical machine, either squirrel cage or phase wound, coupled to it mechanically
and electrically connected.

This is a method of controlling a speed of induction motor by introducing in to the rotor

circuit and addition emf of the same frequency as the fundamental emf of the rotor, instead of
dissipating energy in the controlled rheostat in controlling the speed. This energy can be fed to
another induction motor connected to the first one in cascade and converted into mechanically
energy. Hence the slip energy consumed from the main power line by induction motor can be
utilized more effectively and fed to the auxiliary motor, which converts it in to the mechanical
power and then adds to the main motor output.

Although the main motor – I is acting as a motor relative to the supply, its rotor is acting
as a generator relative to the motor – II. Thus the two machines are working under very different
condition. The main motor – I has a supply of line frequency, but the EMF injected into its rotor
by the motor – II causes the speed to be considerably below synchronism and its rotor frequency
is, therefore, much grater than normal slip frequency. The second motor – II is working on a
supply of a low frequency, namely, the slip frequency of the main motor – I but a part from this
its operation is normal. Generally the two motors run at the same speed.
Calculation of the speed:
Let the No. of poles for the main and auxiliary motor be P1 and P2 respectively. Then the
synchronous and the actual speed of these motors are given by:

120 f 1
Synchronous speed of main motor = RPM.
P1
[120 f (1− S1)]
Actual rotor speed of the main motor N1 = (S1 = slip of the main motor)
P1
(120 f 2) (120 f 1 S1)
Synchronous speed of the auxiliary motor = =
P2 P2
[120 S1 f 1 (1 − S 2)]
Actual rotor speed of the auxiliary motor, N2 =
P2
(S2 = slip of the auxiliary motor)
The value of slip S2 being quite small may be neglected in above equation.

(120 S1 f 1)
With this assumption speed N2 = (approx.)
P2
As the two motors mechanically coupled N1 = N2

Or [120 f1 (1 – S1)]/ P1 = (120 S1f1)/ P2

Thus slip of main motor, S1 = P2/ (P1 + P2)

Hence, actual rotor speed of main motor, N1 = 120 f1/ p1 {1 – [P1/ (P1 + P2)}]

Speed of cascade set = 120 f1/ (P1 + P2)

i.e. the same as that of a single induction motor with (P1 + P2) poles.

Observation:

S No. Machines No. of poles Frequency Speed (rpm) Slip

1. Machine – I P1
2. Machine – II P2
3. P1 + P2
Cascade Set
P1 - P2

Result;
 Precautions:
1. All the connections should be neat and clean.
2. Special care should be taken in making the connections.
3. The power supply must be with in the limits.

Viva Questions:

1. What is the cascade operation?

2. Why speed control of induction motor is necessary?
3. The speed of a slip ring induction motor can be increased or decreased. Justify.

Industrial Applications:-

1. Drive applications
2. Process Industries

Circuit Diagram:

Stator Terminal -1 Stator Terminal -2

DRIVING DRIVEN
MOTOR MOTOR

Rotor Terminal -1
3 – Ø Power Supply
SLIPRING MOTOR SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION M

Fig.1 Circuit diagram for cascade connection