DEFINITION

 Lets have eye exercise.

Humans have five senses: the eyes to see, the tongue to taste, the nose to smell, the ears to hear,
and the skin to touch. By far the most important organs of sense are our eyes. We perceive up to
80 per cent of all impressions by means of our sight . Sight and vision are important because they
allow us to connect with our surroundings, keep us safe, and help maintain the sharpness of our
minds. What if we lose our eyesight? Kaya ba nato?
 Legal Blindness
If you're legally blind, your vision is 20/200 or less in your better eye or your field of vision is
less than 20 degrees. That means if an object is 200 feet away, you have to stand 20 feet from it
in order to see it clearly. But a person with normal vision can stand 200 feet away and see that
object perfectly.
 Snellen eye char
Snellen chart, also called Snellen eye chart, chart used to measure visual acuity by determining
the level of visual detail that a person can discriminate. It was developed by the Dutch
ophthalmologist Herman Snellen in 1862
TYPES
1. Strabismus (crossed eyes) is a condition in which the eyes do not line up with one
another. In other words, one eye is turned in a direction that is different from the other eye.
- Some may develop strabismus because of the damage of eye or blood vessel or
abnormality of the neuromuscular control of eye movement

2. We don’t know what causes most congenital cataracts. More research is needed, but some causes
may include: Changes in genes or chromosomes, Injury during pregnancy - A pregnant woman
may have physical trauma from a car accident, a sudden fall or from intimate partner violence
(physical or sexual), Having hypoglycemia during pregnancy - This is when your blood sugar
levels (also called glucose levels) fall too low and also infections during pregnancy.

3. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye disorder caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in
the light sensitive part of the eyes (retina) of premature infants. ROP generally affects infants born
before week 31 of pregnancy

4. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of rare eye diseases that affect the retina (the light-
sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye). RP makes cells in the retina break down
slowly over time, causing vision loss. RP is a genetic disease that people are born with. Can
passed down from parents to children.

5. COLOBOMA- Coloboma is an eye condition that people are born with. It happens when
part of the tissue that makes up the eye is missing. Coloboma happens when a baby’s eye
doesn’t develop normally during pregnancy because of abnormal or changed genes that
affect eye development

6. OPTIC NERVE HYPOPLASIA - Some risk factors are the mother’s first pregnancy and
young maternal age, but we don’t know why these can cause ONH.
7. A child with CVI has vision problems that are caused by their brain that can’t be
explained by a problem with their eyes. Normally, the eyes send electrical signals to
the brain, and the brain turns those signals into the images you see. If you have CVI,
your brain has trouble processing and understanding these signals.

8. Color deficiency they actually see about 5 to 10 percent of those 1 million shades on a
person with normal color vision would see - color has been eliminated

 In the Philippines, the 2017 estimated number of persons who are bilaterally blind
is 332,150 of which 33% or around 109,609 is due to cataract, 25% (83,037) due to
errors of refraction (EOR) and 14%(46,501) due to glaucoma.