REVIEWER FOR TLE-ICT

METHOD #1: USE HOTKEY DURING BOOT-UP

It may be too quick for you to have ever noticed, but your PC goes through a rapid POST process to get your startup screen loaded

up as fast as it can. It is also within this tightly timed window that you can access your BIOS by clicking your PC’s designated

hotkey.

Unfortunately, different PC brands were all on different pages when designating a definitive BIOS key. HP laptops generally use F10

or the escape key.

DEL and F2 tend to be the most popular hotkeys for PCs, but if you’re unsure of what your brand’s hotkey is, this list of common

BIOS keys by brand may help.

 Acer: F2 or DEL
 ASUS: F2 for all PCs, F2 or DEL for motherboards
 Dell: F2 or F12
 HP: ESC or F10
 Lenovo: F2 or Fn + F2
 Lenovo (Desktops): F1
 Lenovo (ThinkPads): Enter + F1.
 MSI: DEL for motherboards and PCs
 Microsoft Surface Tablets: Press and hold volume up button.
 Origin PC: F2
 Samsung: F2
 Sony: F1, F2, or F3
 Toshiba: F2

Pressing your assigned BIOS hotkey while your computer boots up should retrieve the BIOS setup utility screen you’re looking for.

For example, on an HP Pavilion, HP EliteBook, HP Stream, HP OMEN, HP ENVY and more, pressing the F10 key just as your PC

status comes up will lead you to the BIOS setup screen.

Some manufacturers require repeated hotkey presses, and some require another button to be pressed in addition to the hotkey. To

best equip yourself with the most accurate information, check with your PC’s user manual or the manufacturer's website.

METHOD #2: USE WINDOWS 10’S START MENU

As computers have become more technologically advanced than ever, they boot up in seconds before our eyes. This leaves little

room for pressing any hotkeys and can leave those looking to get into their BIOS settings puzzled.

For PC users who aren’t able to catch that tiny window to use their hotkey, this method of entering BIOS can be completed through

your computer settings.

Step 1. Access your Windows settings

Navigate to your Windows start menu and select “Settings” located on the left panel. You can also access your Windows setting by

using Windows shortcut keys Windows + I.

Step 2. Select “Update & security”

Within this window, you may need to scroll down to find the “Update & security” button.

Step 3. Select “Recovery"

Step 4. Click “Restart now”

Under “Advanced startup” you will see a “Restart now” button that allows you to reboot your PC for configuration or restoration.

After your PC boots back up, you will be met with a special menu that gives you the option to “Use a device,” “Continue,” “Turn off

your PC,” or “Troubleshoot.”

Step 5. Select “Troubleshoot”

Within this window, select “Advanced options” then select “UEFI Firmware Settings.” This will allow you to enter BIOS on your

Windows 10 PC.

Step 6. Confirm your restart

If your PC is running Windows 8.1 or Windows 8, these methods will also work for your older operating system.

LINUX AND UBUNTU OPERATING SYSTEM

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

An application program (software application, or application, or app for short) is a computer program designed to carry out a
specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself,[1] typically to be used by end-users.[2] Word
processors, media players, and accounting software are examples. The collective noun "application software" refers to all
applications collectively.[3] The other principal classifications of software are system software, relating to the operation of the
computer, and utility software ("utilities").
Applications may be bundled with the computer and its system software or published separately and may be coded as proprietary,
open-source, or projects.[4] The term "app" usually refers to applications for mobile devices such as phones.

STEPS IN CONNECTING PERIPHERALS

FAT 36, FAT 32

 File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers. Originally developed in 1977 for use
on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. It is often supported for compatibility reasons by
current operating systems for personal computers and many mobile devices and embedded systems, allowing
interchange of data between disparate systems.[3] The increase in disk drives capacity required three major
variants: FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32. The FAT standard has also been expanded in other ways while generally preserving
backward compatibility with existing software.
 FAT is no longer the default file system for Microsoft Windows computers.[4]
 FAT file systems are still commonly found on floppy disks, flash and other solid-state memory cards and modules
(including USB flash drives), as well as many portable and embedded devices. FAT is the standard file system for digital
cameras per the DCF specification.
 In order to overcome the volume size limit of FAT16, while at the same time allowing DOS real-mode code to handle the
format, Microsoft designed a new version of the file system, FAT32, which supported an increased number of possible
clusters, but could reuse most of the existing code, so that the conventional memory footprint was increased by less than
5 KB under DOS.[38] Cluster values are represented by 32-bit numbers, of which 28 bits are used to hold the cluster
number.

NTFS

 New Technology File System (NTFS) is a proprietary journaling file system developed by Microsoft.[2][1] Starting

with Windows NT 3.1, it is the default file system of the Windows NT family.[11] It superseded File Allocation Table (FAT)
as the preferred filesystem on Windows and is supported in Linux and BSD as well. NTFS reading and writing support is
provided using a free and open-source kernel implementation known as NTFS3 in Linux and the NTFS-3G driver in BSD.
[12][13]
 By using the  convert  command, Windows can convert FAT32/16/12 into NTFS without the need to rewrite all files.
[14]
 NTFS uses several files typically hidden from the user to store metadata about other files stored on the drive which can
help improve speed and performance when reading data. [1] Unlike FAT and High Performance File System (HPFS), NTFS
supports access control lists (ACLs), filesystem encryption, transparent compression, sparse files and file system
journaling. NTFS also supports shadow copy to allow backups of a system while it is running, but the functionality of the
shadow copies varies between different versions of Windows.

ANTI-STATIC DEVICES

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