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IrllRTIMlt REPi)RT
ORIGINALLY ISSUED
September 1942 as
Ad.'v_e Confidential Report
WASHINGTON
NACA WAI_TIME REPORTS are reprints of papers originally issued to provide rapid distribution of
advance research results to an authorized group requiring them for the war effort. They were pre-
viously held under a security status but are now unclassified. Some of these reports were not tech-
rdcally edited. All have been reproduced without change in order to expedite general distribution.
T._ 7_8
NATIONAL ADVISORY 00MMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
SUM_ARY
• • ,, ,,
I TRODUOTIO
9, , ., 2 .
ACCURACY
•., , , -
Cavitation
Depth speed,
of immersion percent
(below ......
free water surf _c e) i ' " '• _3
inches ...................... -_0.2
Angle of attack, degrees ......... • . . . _O.1
Drag, pounds . • . _ ..... ±i.0 below cavitation _peed
, ±5.0 with heavy cavltation
Lift, pounds ........ ±10.0 below cavitation speed
::20.0 with heavy cavitation
i
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
J
6
L lift., pounds
• • - -.
R = 36,500 V
chord of hydrofoil
" !
DISCUSSION
Effect of Depth
i
separation of the flow from theupper surface is definitely
established, the chang-es of lift and drag with ch_ngo in
angle of attack are very small in comparison with the
changes that occur when the flow is smooth over the upper
surface. (See fig. 18.) When the hydrofoil approaches
the free surface, the use of low an_les of attack appears
desirable in order to zeduce the severity of the transi-
tion to planing.
.....
Figure 19 shows .a compar_i.so.n of test results on the -
NACA 16-509 section from .tests in the NAC,_. t_nk and the
24-inch high-speed tunnel. The results of tcst. s in the
wind tunnel as given in _ref.crence 3 werc-,co.n_rcrtcd to an
aspect ratio of six for this _comparison. The drag coef-
ficients measured :in the tank. an,d, g.ivc.n_ in r_:cfore.nco I
included stru,t drags;, consequ.ent.ly, thel strut .tares were
deducted from t-he published values fo,z..the purpose of mak-
ing this comparison. The data from _th.e pr_slen.t :tests were
for t_ e zero-dihedral hydrofail; at _0. fe_t per second
Effeo_t. of Di_hedr'al
Effect of Speed
CONCLUSIONS
REFEREN CE S
• 2.
,i__'•__i_.:[_}_,ar:dl,
Kernn_eth E. , and Land, Norman S. : Preliminary
_ _"_?__'<"
_-_ _Te.s,ts in the NACA Tank to Investigate the Fundamental
.i
..... •
ITAO_ Pig. I
j_J
16-509 nose -7 ./_.I
/ /
,//
hA_i 16-509
N
A HTdrofoil F _ial _aae$ National Advi _'7
Com_ttee for Aeronautics
G l_7q ¢oun/erwe/jl_tj
C f/O_ting frame H Re_ri_tance dyn#momete:
Z_ Lift _/_,/n_ d C_a/'_ _/:-a_leyer,,/O:l K,
X .D_hlbot_ K Coa:_e dt'a_ wei:h/s "
/
I
/
I
I
.D
"/
i
/
:_
\"
G_
l \,
H
JB
A_ \A
o
i I I
_,A.( ,A. _ANK
oo
LO _.0_ Na_ion_ 1 Adlriso]
..L _- o
mmit_.ee or Ai_ron_
I
f-
A A mtic__
s_ _.A -,4
0
/
'__0C ILl
3
//
J!
0
0
_i., / !
_ .02
,_ --
d',_ \ =-_
Q
o )1
3
I _ __
;2, _,
zo _) 3o qo 5o 6o 7O 8O 9O
0
Speed, V, fps
Fig. 3 .- Tare drag coefficients for struts used in tests.
_9
E-
----4
: _ • - _ .L ,¸ .
'ii
i'i::
_:_i!
_¸ J
..... i...... • 4 ¸ -. i • " _
L-768
F !
.9 /
i(I _ _a_ +
/6°x_I /
.8 __-a
J t -Mde_"
6,_ 16x
.7-- • / q.x lq-+
/.
0"-_-5--
o. 08
/
_H
0
8.06
/
u .3
ot//
.2 .0L_
.I o+ J I , _ *---_ --
o'k_ & JL,. !.o-_
t I
L 1 l i I I _'
-. _. - 20 30 _ 50 60 70 80 90 2o 3o .o 5o 6o 7o _ 90
Speed, V, fps S_ed.v,_ps
Fig. 4.- NACA 16-509 section hydrofoil. 0° dihedral. Depth_ 5 inches to cl_.
0
0
0 C_
_ 0 0 0 0
_o
,J
/
/ i
] I
i t
/
',,,.. ©.
d d
,,. \ .f !
I f
+
<i
I ,,,i=.
/" I t,
0
0 iO
&
ill
..k - .
Lift coefficient, CL
0 ___ :4
/ a;
-- _--4-- -- |
.... -Jal-
\.
I
I¢
.....
I
--4----
!
/
/
l
\
0 P/ -
-- p-T_ .....
-.4 _-
o Drag coefficient, CD
0
o -- m
--FF-;I
m __ __ m
__ _4 --0-----
• i _
_ _-- _;_-__ -
m
y;-
m _
I
-- --__ -____'
_ -- t---- --
_I_ _-
I
I 1--
4-----'--
+____ --4-- _
I
1--
I 01
__ +______ __ 4--- __ _+_____ _ OO
I __J__ __
¥o_
L-758
N.A.C.A. Tank
.3 2+ 8__ .06--
)o.
.2 _,+ .O4
I
c _
oO
L o
0
uO 50 6O 7O _o
3o _ 50 6O 7O 8O 20 3o
Speed V, fps Speed V, fps
.-4
O
_.2 b.4
.04
,_ I±l
0
0
0
0
--T--_._,
0
.02 _,f.,
e ¢
o r _+_¢'Z._._x _-
a_ 30 _o 5o 7o 8o 20 3o uo 50 6O 70 80
Speed V, fps Speed V, fps
.2 .o.r
.1 .o2
°i
X + _ m
0
I I I I
2O 3O _0 5O 6O 7O 8O 20 3o _ .50 6o 7o _o
Speed V, fps Speed V, fps
Fig. 8 ,-NACA 16-509 section hydrofoil. 20 ° dihedral. Depths,C/_ at tips above water line, .t46, 2.7, and 3.7 inches.
co
L-758
.9 .is
j/+l
___-L .16
.8 (x: de_
_u, v '6=
i_ _" -2 _
0 e
84)
10"
.7 -/o_ 2+ 12e
q. x i_+
C:I
0
r.D
..6 /.__i_._ ./ \
.io
Q
"O
i/ / _-_
•08 --.._ v I /
t "-4,
\ .06
• 3 ---2q _"_ _ + _- ..---.._
__- "_'*--u _. xx \ ,_'__ _ _//
.0_
_e -- ; -'_ ,#_
Y
.i ----,_._-"- "7" -- _' \ .02
_ __
L.w_. I-_,,=! _----:_ __
o j-
3O qO 70 80 90 2O 3O _0 .5O 6O 7O 8:) 9O
Speed V, fps Speed V, fps
Fig. 9 -- 16-509 section hydrofoil. 200 dihedral, e/W tips at water line.
• • . -
1[,-758
C.A Ts nk
1.0 ._0
Nal_ior al _dvJSOl
()
OOZ _iti_ee for Aez ona ,tic
.9 •18
.8 ,16 o_ , deg __
0 •
/
lO',d 4,0- X
.7 .lt, 6_
S_
i0
":_ ...."
,-]
0
e-s
.12 / 12 e
ID
C_,
x _ w I0
/
. _ .J_ Q
¢g
O
0
0
._
_3
.08 /
Q /
.06
o.o.__ _- -_ r-_._...
"-4
6"D -----m
.-._ ___a _
.1 I
I-'i
-:- -7 • •
20 3O L_O 70 SO 50 ¸ 60 7o So
Speed V, fps Speed V, fps
Fig. _0 - NACA 16-.509 section hydrofoil. _D° dihedral. Depth _.5 inches to C/W at tips.
0
Lift coefficient, CL
o L _ • _ b
.-,..--
+
,u 1 _-
I
B i
7 I
,a +
\
r
/
1.
/
m
I
o
I
/- 7/-- ,
0 /
0
t-,,-
% [
/
B
/ /
J
0 j" / x j
Drag coefficient, C D-
• e-
o
c+ I
L_
B
0
=r
0 e.
4=
_,.@
\
__ _ \_
• ,.
t_ _.
i ",,1
W
L..768
I
1.0
.8
,7
_..6
f..%
..
.,.4
_I .W.
.3
,2
t
.I
6O 7O
V, fps
-,i
FiE. iE.--NACA 16-509 section hydrofoil. 200 dihedral. Depth 19.5 inches to ¢/_t at tips.
_iAOA Fig. 1_
|
"t
C,- S_
!
+
, ,,,-O |
09
11
o_., ..-,
XD ,.8
d
_ Id
C2 x
i IIL_;_,_ i o,"
i!
)¢), m
p
. _ -.hi-- E- ,.-I
ra
;_, , ii i:_
. - ¢,,,
- +_.s 8
H_ O-,
I i
o o
O
i I O.
F, xl_ +
e.-I
_-- -
i
!
_D °
__ > _.,,.-F--_
. -4 e_A
____=:__.__. _-
+___ I
_x___
+
)<
i
+ -8
04 _ 0 Od .4 0
• :L..
• h .
- , " :z k.b,_
L-758
r I i I _N_A_ C A
' Na hior_ai
C_ ml t h_elf_P Ae_n_tl _i
I ]
_, deg
-_v _x --
-2 • 6" --
0 ® 80
2 + i0_
12
/
/
po _o
_Spee_ 8O
V, fps _v, _'p_
Flg.l_ .- NACA 16-509 section t_drofoil. 30 ° dihedral. Depths c/u, at tips a%_ter l_n_.
#,.a
L-758
'.A.
.20
Na' ton zl t dvt _r_
_t/',lrf •n4 _ ee
J b j, • 18
V
v_
,
j
• = J
. P "_m__
/6.3"
.16
/
•8 -- --8=
•7 --_"_'_i _'-_--
,.. __
"
_L--
J ", dQ --
•-._v
-2L
6 ._
8 $
__
r_ 0 e IOA_ __
i 2+ 12 •
/ _x 1_÷ .__
O
_4 16x
O .12 /
Q
0
lo- '_ '/
2"-'-- O
/
.O6
/1
.3
.e,...,,
.06
/
,....
_Z?_..I =,---,----- Ii,.---- E.--- ....._
.2
.1
,.,,,
,f_,._- --v --..._ _ , \
0
20 3o _o 5o 60 7O 80
Speedv, tpB oR
ka
Flg.J_ .-NACA 16-._ section hydrofoil. 30 ° dihedral. Depth,16._ inches to e/_ at tips.
/ / _ ii_ % i_ i_
L-758
} I I I I (tailed points)
I
Dihedral 16-5o9 Sharp L. E. _CA T_
I
I
0o Cr_nitt eel fo_-_ [so]_
i 0
i0o i
[ 200
E
30o X
!
I i --
i I
,
i 4 I_I l_I
I
_ ._.._._..__.__...____...._..._...._...._
22.._ __--_....
!
.3
/; /
.,....
/
//_._.._..I
2 / /
/ //
_D
U
30_./ iI_ J
C 2
x /
,I
/
v - 9D_p5
I L ,_ I
-8 -6 2 _ 8 i0 12 i_ 18 22 2_
I
.-, 5
/
__-- _, -Z------_i_
__.-,_--- ________
-----__--________
/
/
/ f
" 2 /
t.) /
C.
%-t
@
o
0 •
L i
/
/ i v 5olf_.
-i8 _:8 -2 2 _ 8 I0 _ 22 24
Tips out ----- Foil submerged
g_
Depth of clW at tips, in,
sd._ 09 = A
I
I
!
.%_ =,10
l
/ I/ .* /
/
T"
,._ ,_ /
/ I /t( _"
/ /i /-_/I
/ £"
// I
/ / /" I t-'
fd'
j / / l_p_q,,o,_,
--
f
J
I
I
"_ -_o._d
_o p_ "O- 0
.._..--I "-''" I
.I - _i_ "j
.. I Q
j-
e
t-'
I i I
)¢ oo;
oOt
V J'/,_
oO
p_r m/¢
V.T. rmrs ] 60;-9'[ t_,zpeq1:(l
(_uTo# P_TW_) , I I I I I
gg&-'I
L-758
(_,7eJ/_'_/_) I_.
A.,:.
A. Talk
Dihedral 16-909
k Sharp L.E. Nation_ll Idvilcry
n 0o
q Cr_v,ittee 'or ter¢nm_hin,
i0o o
_o --: X.
/r i
i
I
/{- /i
/
I
/
o /
f
/ %
_D
/ i
/
0
0 t i i
,'ill
/
/
/
(a) = -' 6_-
/ lj v = 9o fps.
/X
/
i
I
24
,-8 -6 -_ -2 0 2 _ 6 S i0 12 iw 16 iS 20 22
----Tips out IFoil submerged----
Depth of c/% at tips, in.
Fig. IGd.- Effect of dt_bh on lift coefficient. ConGJuded.
L-758
I 7 l I .......
7-- --I I
! N.A. 19_i) NACA Tank
al Edvlsorl ) Depth = 25 in.
C.AL _ T;_nk
i T G_m_ __ee._
_i°z f_ ___ at'_
I ¢
I
_-'is _ "9
I--i _ NACAI 24 --1938)in•
tunnelqO1
] [_ _'_6g/ "d//
I 1 Tests. R.N.-l.W x I0 --_/
-_.12_.6 o /\,,/ \\ , / , I)
•
_c/g tips 1 _ .
°@°_ / X<,/\
in. be low/<_k_ .10o.5 / '" \ / 90.°
o3o 1 •
06 ./ / / -_ .p.-
// // CD _,----L/.'/ "_'"_ -"
-,p-
,iI_
/ i -I ;/
'/,.' /"_ N_A C_J_ T;nlc
--I i / .: /. f._
I - _ C,,_,',m'l tlt.ee fnt', Ae_ ,nn_ It.t
i0 i I_
0 I n
-2 0 2 _ i0 12 6 I_ 8
0 2 _ 6 I0 12 8
14 16 Angle of attack,_,d¢K
Angle of attack_, deE• Fig. _9 .--Comparison of NACA tank and wind-_unnel
tests on 16-509 section foil• "_
Fig.lf .- Effect of depth on cavitation speed. NACA 16-509
section hydrofdil. 20° dihedral.
L-? 58
;.A.13.A. T_k
_A_ _.A T_nk
Na 4on_l _visor Na" ion_Ll Idvi _or_
mit ,ee .?n_ A_r.nn_j,t_C2 Go, nit' ee or Aer _nathim,
-1.C
W
/
c
//
c/_ tips 19.5 in. below_i A 16
-.S /
/
f /
c/_ tips 9.5 _n.bllm_/// / /_
c_ .1_
o .7
w.L. _ _/, /// __ 2 //
G)
-* .6
tD ; /h
/_, / in. below W.L.
1 I
)
o
)
/r/ ,_" o 10
C/_ tips 19.5 in. / /
_ .5
below W.L. __/I I
._
V/ / _-0/_ tips at W.L. clW tips 9.5 in. _ /
/ ._ below W,L._
, / C/% tips %.5 in. _f /
-.2 \
/_ tips .W6 in.
a ove W.L. _ ._
below
_
4
W.L.--%/
_cl_
,
tips at W.;
_c/%I above _
tips W_"h7
L, i_
" ab tore W.t.
, _
_cl_
.7..._ Y
,,ov.,
abo_e
tips 3.7
W.L._
in
-W -2 0 2 8 6 I0 12 0 2 % S i0 12
Angle of attack, or, deg. Angle of attack, V=
c_, d_tg.
Fig. 18a. Effect of depth on llft coefficient. NACA 16- Effect of deoth on drag coefficient. NACA 16-509 _
509 section hydrofoil. 20 o dihedral. _O fps.
section hydrofoil. 2_ ° dihedral. UO fps
L-758
I
I
1 i t i
2
/ \
D
I Naior_,l
Ct_'r nil.'
_dvi,o_
ee !ro_-!ker ,,',
[
._._!c,_
i i i
C_
!
i\J \
\
t'_.
/\
' D,, .#._
.a.< l;,_ _W"
cen _e_ secfi_,_
\ _5
//-- I\ \
i \ \ .
_'/_e/_ -
., \
\
/,- \
\
\
\
LO
5
./ I
/ 2o'_'/_#m/
, I I I I I
8 12 _u, ,) s 12
-L 0 w S 12
an_le of atta¢ angle of attack,a, deg
angle of attack,_, deg
/ I .2O 1.O
• 2O. 10
.Z) "17
,16 .8
Lol l,/c
/
_
.8 <_/_ • 16 .S
/-¢
/
[.)
{. 2_.6 // _D
Z.z2
r,D
"_ .6
/
/
¢-
/?
. / /
!.)
c
_,.o_ ..
_
/
// c_
_"_7 / / '_._
°
_ ._,
_
/
_.OUP .2
s-
• _ I
0 0 -- 0 '_
-q" 0 8 12 8 12 m_
O _ 8 12
angle of atta&k,_,deg angle of attack,_, dee angle of attaek,c_, deg
0
Fig.20 - Characteristics of 16-509 section l_drofoils with dihedral angles of 10,20, and 30 degrees at two depths. V - _0 fps
• p_
+,
L-788
N"
[.A.3.A, Tm tk
Nal ion_l dvi _ory
Comnitl
.S
.6 /
_,5
,ID
0
¢.)
"-.t
-_-L'/ /
.3
_-___ _.-J
/I
"" ,-.
.2
\
\
\ =_-_,- __-5_-bo.
.1
2_ - ____-_._-- - -- =-=--'=-_:_.
\
x\
0
\
2O 3O u,O 7o 90 \ 20 30 qO 50 60
Speed V, fps
200 dlhedral. Depth, 19.5 inches to
Fig. 2/a. - Comparison of test results on normal and sharp leading edge hydrofoils.
c/_ at tips.