“ANG TANGING

PERMANENTE SA MUNDO
AY ANG PAGBABAGO”
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 Picture
Analysis

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 Understanding
Culture,
Society and

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Politics
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Aspects and changes in/

of Culture and Society
Mr. Jerrick P. Poyo
 Learning
Competencies

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After going through this lesson,

you are expected to analyze the
concepts, aspects and changes in/
of culture and society
 The Concept of Society

a society is a mutually from socius,

group of interdepende
which means
people with nt of each
common other, and companion
or associate.

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territory, follow a

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interaction, certain way of

and culture. life.

According to Having Sense Derive from

Sociologist of latin word
Belongingness “Societas”
 Definition of Society

Functional point of view-society is

defined as a complex of groups in
reciprocal relationships, interacting upon
one another, enabling human organisms

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to carry on their life-activities and

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helping each person to fulfill his wishes

and accomplish his interests in
association with his fellows
 Definition of Society

Structural point of view - , society is the

total social heritage of folkways, mores
and institutions; of habits, sentiments
and ideals. The important aspect of

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society is the system of relationships, the

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pattern of the norms of interaction by

which the members of the society
maintain themselves.
 The Following Reasons People live
Together as a Society

– No man is an island. No man

can live alone. The care,
support, and protection given

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by them are important factors

for survival.

For Survival
 The Following Reasons People live
Together as a Society

This is the desire of people

to be with other people,

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especially of their own

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culture.

Feeling of
Gregariousness
 The Following Reasons People live
Together as a Society
Teachers, businessmen, students,
physicians, nurses, lawyers,
pharmacists, and other professionals

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organize themselves into societies or

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associations to promote and protect

their own professions.

Specialization
 Characteristics of Society

Society comprises of a group of people who

share a common culture, live in a particular
area and feel themselves to constitute a
unified and distinct entity. Society or human

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society is a group of people related to each
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other through persistent relations such as

kinship, marriage, social status, roles and
social networks. By extension, society denotes
the people of a region or country, sometimes
even the world, taken as a whole
 Characteristics of Society

A social system The people must be

socially integrated to
consists of be considered
individuals relatively large than

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interacting with if the people are

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each other. individually scattered

It is a Social It is relatively
System Large
 Characteristics of Society

Since most of For society to survive,

society’s members it must have the
are born to it, they ability to produce,
endure and sustain

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are taught the
its new members for

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basic norms and

at least several
expectations.
generations.
It socialized its It endures,
members and produces and
sustains its member
those from
for generation
without
 Characteristics of Society

The individuals in a The members in a

society are held together society must live in a
because that society has
certain specific
symbols, norms, values ,
habitat or place and

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patterns of interaction,
have a common

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vision and mission that
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are commonly shared by belongingness and

the members of such sense of purpose.
society.
It holds its It has clearly-
member through defined
a common culture geographical
territory
 Major Function of Society

Knowledge and skills, dominant

patterns of behavior, moral and
social values, and aspects of

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personality are transmitted to

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each members, especially to the
young.
Its provides a system of
specialization
 Major Function of Society

Food, clothing, shelter, medicine,

education, transportations and
communication facilities, among

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others must be provided by

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society to satisfy the basic needs
of its members.
Its provide the basic needs of
its member
 Major Function of Society

The police, armed forces, law

enforcement agencies and even
the church and other

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government and non-

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government organizations exist
as means of social control
It regulate and Control
People`s Behavior
 Major Function of Society

the people are give the

opportunities to contribute to
their knowledge and skills for

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the betterment of their family,

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neighborhood and community.

It provides the means of social

participation
 Major Function of Society

Is provided to the members

of society in the form of
relief in any form and

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solution to problems met by
them
It provide Mutual Support to
the Member
 Types of Society

Societies exist in particular places and

times, and they change over time.
Societies are organized in particular

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patterns, patterns that are shaped by
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a range of factors, including the way
people procure food, the availability of
resources, contact with other societies,
and cultural beliefs
 Types of Society
According to According to According
Economic and Evolutionary to People`s
material Substinence
View
system

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Food
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Pre- Simple
class Gathering
Society
Society
Society
 Types of Society
According to According to According
Economic and Evolutionary to People`s
material Substinence
View
system

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Horticult
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Asiatic Compound
Society ural
Society
Society
 Types of Society
According to According to According
Economic and Evolutionary to People`s
material Substinence
View
system

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Ancient Doubly Pastoral
Society Compound Societies
Societies
 Types of Society
According to According to According
Economic and Evolutionary to People`s
material Substinence
View
system

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Feudal Militant Agricultu
Society Society ral
Society
 Types of Society
According to According to According
Economic and Evolutionary to People`s
material Substinence
View
system

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Capitalis Industri Industri
t al al
Societies Societies Societies
 Types of Society
According to According to According
Economic and Evolutionary to People`s
material Substinence
View
system

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Democrati Post - Post -
c Industri
Industri
Societies al
al
Societies Societies
or IS
 Dissolution of Society

1. When the people kill each other

through civil revolution
2. when an outside force exterminates

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the members of the society;
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3. when the members become apathetic
among them selvesor have no more
sense of belongingness;
 Dissolution of Society

4. when a small society is absorbed by a

stronger and larger society by means of
conquest or territorial absorption;

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5. When an existing society is submerged

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in water killing all the people and other
living things in it;
6. when the people living in such a society
voluntarily attach themselves to another
existing society
 The Concept of Culture

It was E.B. Taylor who conceptualized the

definition of culture in1860s. According
to him, culture is a complex whole which
consist of knowledge, beliefs, ideas,

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habits, attitudes, skills, abilities, values,

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norms, art, law, morals, customs,
traditions, feelings and other capabilities
of man which are acquired, learned and
socially transmitted by man from one
generation to another through language
and living together as members of the
society
 The Concept of Culture

It simply refers to the way we

understand ourselves both as
individuals and as members of society,

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and includes stories, religion, media,

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rituals, and even language itself.
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Irrespective of the various definitions,
conceptions and approaches to the
understanding of the concept of
culture, it is however agreed that
culture is a way of life and morality is
a part of culture
 Characteristics of Culture

Dynamic,
Learned
Flexible and

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Adoptive

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Perspective of Perspective of
Sociology Anthropology
 Characteristics of Culture

Shared and
Symbolic
maybe

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Challenge

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Perspective of Perspective of
Sociology Anthropology
 Characteristics of Culture

Learned
through Systematic
and

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Socialization

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and Integrated
Enculturation
Perspective of Perspective of
Sociology Anthropology
 Characteristics of Culture

Patterned Shared
Social

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Interaction

Perspective of Perspective of
Sociology Anthropology
 Characteristics of Culture

Requires
language and

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other form of

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communication

Perspective of
Sociology
 Characteristics of Culture

Transmitted
Shared
through

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Socialization

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and
Enculturation
Perspective of Perspective of
Sociology Anthropology
 Importance/Function of
Culture
Sociologists recognize and regard
culture as one of the most
important concepts within
sociology because it plays a vital

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role in our social lives. It is
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essential for shaping social
relationships, maintaining and
challenging social order,
determining how we make sense of
the world and our place in it, and
in shaping our everyday actions
and experiences in society.
 Element of Culture

refers to It system of
anything that is words and
used to stand symbols used to
communicate

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for something

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else. It is with other
anything that people.
gives meaning
to the culture

Symbols Languag
e
 Element of Culture

refers to the culturally

defined
application of
standards for
knowledge and
what is good or
equipment to

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desirable. Values

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ease the task determine how
of living and individuals will
maintaining probably
the respond in any
environment given
Technolog Values
circumstances.
y
 Element of Culture

are specific rules/

refers to the
standards to guide
faith of an for appropriate
individual behavior. These are

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societal

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expectations that
mandate specific
behaviors in
specific situations

Beliefs Norms
 Components of Culture

consists of tangible things. It refers to

the physical objects, resources, and
spaces that people use to define their

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culture. These include homes,

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neighborhoods, cities, schools, churches,
synagogues, temples, mosques, offices,
factories and plants, tools, means of
production, goods and products, stores,
and so forth.
Material culture
 Components of Culture

Intangible things. refers to the

nonphysical ideas that people have
about their culture, including beliefs,

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values, rules, norms, morals, language,
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organizations, and institutions. For
instance, the non‐material cultural
concept of religion consists of a set of
ideas and beliefs about God, worship,
morals, and ethics.
Non - Material
 Modes of Acquiring Culture

Indoctrinati
Imitation Conditionin
on or

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Suggestion
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 Adaptation of Culture

means that refers to those

the same behavioral
culture may patterns that

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pass back and
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take place in
forth from one
two or more
culture to
different another
places.
Parallelism Diffusion
 Adaptation of Culture

takes place when takes place when

two or more people break away
cultures are fused from their

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or merged into original culture

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one culture and start
making it developing a
different from different culture
the original of their own.
Convergence
culture. Fission
 Adaptation of Culture

Voluntary occurs when the

acculturation culture of a larger
occurs through society is adopted by
a smaller society,

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imitation,

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that smaller society

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borrowing, or assumes some of the
personal contact culture of the larger
with other people. society or cost society.

Acculturation Assimilation
 Adaptation of Culture
occurs when the larger
society and smaller society
are able to respect and

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tolerate each other’s

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culture even if there is
already a prolonged
contact of each other’s
culture.
Accommodatio
n
 Cause of Cultural Change

is the process of finding a

new place or an object,

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artefact or anything that
previously existed.

Discovery
 Cause of Cultural Change

implies a creative mental

process of devising, creating
and producing something new,

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novel or original. It could be
either social or material or it
could also be invention of new
methods or techniques
Invention
 Cause of Cultural Change

is the spread of cultural traits

or social practices from a
society or group to another

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belonging to the same society
or to another through direct
contact with each other and
exposure to new forms.
Diffusion
 Cause of Cultural Change
It involves the following social
processes:
Acculturation – cultural borrowing
and cultural imitation

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Assimilation – the blending or fusion of

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two distinct cultures through long periods
of interaction
Amalgamation – the biological or
hereditary fusion of members of
different societies
Enculturation – the deliberate infusion
of a new culture to another
 Cause of Cultural Change

refers to the political,

social, and political policy
of establishing a colony

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which would be subject to
the rule or governance of
the colonizing state.
Colonization
 Cause of Cultural Change

movements aim to change

the whole social order and
replace the leadership.

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Rebellion and
 Viewing Other Culture

Cultural variation is the

differences in social
behaviors that different

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cultures exhibit around the
world
 Viewing of other Culture

is a perception that arises

from the fact that cultures

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differ and each culture

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defines reality differently.
This is the feeling or belief
that one’s culture is better
than the rest.
Ethnocentrism
 Viewing of other Culture

the belief that one’s culture is

inferior compared to others.

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People are highly influenced

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by the culture or many culture
outside the realm of their
society.
Xenocentrism
 Viewing of other Culture

is an attempt to judge behavior

according to its cultural context.
It is a principle that an

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individual person’s beliefs and
activities should be understood by
others in terms of that
individual’s own culture.
Cultural Relativism
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8M 6M 7M
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