SENOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SY 2022-2023
DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN EAPP
English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________________

Section: ________________________________ Teacher: ________________________________

Directions: Read the following items carefully and identity the correct answer to each. Shade the
circle that corresponds to your answer on the separate answer sheet given.

1. Summarize the following paragraph.

There are so many lessons one can learn about life from a dog. Imagine this scenario: it is raining
heavily outside and you need to leave for someone's house. The dog is up and eager, to go with you. You tell it
to stay home. As you leave, you see it squeezing out through the gap in the doorway. You scold it and order it
back home. Then at every turn you make, you suddenly see it following you sheepishly at a distance. It follows
at the risk of being reprimanded for the sore reason of being somewhere nearby. How else can we experience
so selfless an instance of love and faithfulness? We can learn a lifelong lesson from this sincere warm display
of perpetual companionship.
Observe the eating habits of your dog. It does not eat, except when hungry. It does not drink, unless it
is thirsty. It does not gorge itself. It stops eating when it has had enough.
A dog also sets a perfect example of adaptability. If it is moved to a strange place, it is able to adapt
itself to that place and to its thousand peculiarities without a murmur of complaint. It is able to learn and adapt
to a new family's ways and customs. It is quick and ready to please. Man, being accustomed to comfort and
wealth will be lost if suddenly stripped of all he is accustomed to.
A dog also teaches us a thing or two about, unselfish love. When a dog knows death is approaching, it
tries, with its last vestige of strength, to crawl away elsewhere to die, in order to burden its owners no more.
A dog does things with all vigor. However, when there is nothing to do, it lies down and rests. It does
not waste its strength and energy needlessly. Many working people are burning the candles at both ends. Many
suffer nervous breakdowns due to stress. Perhaps, they should learn to rest like a dog does.
A dog above all is truly man's best friend.

a. A dog also sets a perfect example of adaptability. If it is moved to a strange place, it is able to adapt
itself to that place and to its thousand peculiarities without a murmur of complaint. It is able to learn
and adapt to a new family's ways and customs. It is quick and ready to please. Man, being accustomed
to comfort and wealth will be lost if suddenly stripped of all he is accustomed to.
b. A dog above all is truly man's best friend.
c. Dogs can teach us many lessons of life. It can teach us through its acts of love and faithfulness,
endangering itself just to accompany you. We can also learn from its eating habits. It will never over-
indulge and knows which food to avoid. Dogs are also able to adapt to its surroundings quickly without
complaining as compared to man who complains at the slightest change. Dogs are also unselfish,
choosing not to burden his loved ones but to go away and die. Dogs also know when to work and when
to play. They do not waste their efforts unnecessarily like some of us do at work. Thus, dogs can set us
great examples through their day-to-day living
d. A dog also sets a perfect example of adaptability. If it is moved to a strange place, it is able to adapt
itself to that place and to its thousand peculiarities without a murmur of complaint. It is able to learn
and adapt to a new family's ways and customs. It is quick and ready to please. Man, being accustomed
to comfort and wealth will be lost if suddenly stripped of all he is accustomed to.
2. The following are the characteristics or features of an academic text EXCEPT for one.
a. It has a three part essay, namely: Introduction, methods/results and discussion
b. The reader is introduced to the topic to be discussed and to the argument that will be presented
c. The argument is summed up and the conclusions are drawn
d. It is a process that starts of reading and understanding
3. The STEM students read a sample of academic text; they are reading paragraphs that provide them
background of the argument, introduction of the theoretical perspectives, terminology that will be used and
the explanation on how the paragraph was organized. The part of the academic text they are reading is ______
a. Introduction b. Body C. Method d. Result/Conclusion
4. ABM affirms their learning of technology by reading a brief restatement of the main arguments and facts that
have been treated in the essay. What part of the academic text are they reading?
a. Introduction b. Body C. Method d. Result/Conclusion
5. A group of TVL students while doing their group work is task to present in front of the class, the arguments,
ideas, and results developed and discussed. The teacher is asking them to present what part of the academic
text?
a. Introduction b. Body C. Method d. Result/Conclusion
6. Summarize the following paragraph.
 The Breakaway

As far as Justin knew, there was only one way out of his neighborhood: basketball. So he ran with the
ball like the hounds were chasing him. He could drop any of the older guys at the court in a blaze of crossovers,
fadeaways, and finger rolls, and the younger guys didn’t stand a chance. Justin saw his way out and he ran for
it. But the world has a funny way of changing right when you think you’ve got things figured out, and that’s just
what happened to Justin.
One day when Justin was shooting around at the local court, some guys from another block ran up and
asked to play. The big one in the middle said that he had heard that Justin was the best and he wanted to see if
it was true. Justin said, “Nah, Man, I’m just shooting around with my cousin, I ain’t trying to get all sweaty right
now.” But the big guy was insistent, and Justin’s cousin was bugging, “C’mon, Justin, drop this guy.” So Justin
figured that he’d just do what everyone wanted and play.
Justin was running all over the big guy and making his shots while he did it. But just as the outcome of
the game seemed certain, the big guy shoved Justin as he went for a lay up. Justin went flying in just such a way
that he managed to tear up his right knee. The doctor said Justin might never play again, and if he did play, he
wouldn’t play the same. Justin was devastated.
The first six weeks, Justin just laid in bed with his leg in a long cast feeling like a broomstick. He
watched three reruns of The Simpsons every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty, and then he’d
dig the salt and grease out of the corner with his index finger. Justin blew up like a balloon as watched his once
bright future fadeway. Right when he reached the bottom of the pit of despair, Justin’s sister, Kiki came home
from the university
She came in the house like a whirl of sunshine, bringing exciting tales of a far away land called college.
Justin was amazed and intrigued by the dorm room dramas and campus craziness that Kiki told, but he could
hardly believe any of it. It was as if she were telling him about some fantasy land high above the clouds. Justin
gazed off dreamily as she spoke.
“Justin!” She interrupted his day dream. “Let me see your progress report.” Justin was ashamed. His
grades had really slumped since his injury. “Oh no, this won’t do, J,” she said. “We’re going to have to get these
up.” Well, Justin was a pretty stubborn guy, but his older sister had a way of getting him to do things that
nobody else could. So, while she was home on break, they studied together, and they talked, and they worked,
and Justin felt better than he ever had before.
After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didn’t want to feel bad for himself
any more, and he didn’t want to quit. Basketball used to be his thing, and he was good at it, but now there was
only school, so he had to get good at that. Justin passed through all his classes like a half-court trap. By the
time he got to senior year in high school, his GPA was hovering in the slam-dunk position. The last thing that
Justin had to do to get into the college of his choice was score well on the ACT. Well wouldn’t you know it?
Using the study skills Justin had acquired from his sister, Justin scored a 24 on the ACT. That’s not the highest
score a person can get, but it was high enough for Justin. Now he had his academic game together.
Though the recruiters never came to Justin’s door, every university that he applied to accepted him;
and when the fall came, Justin had his choice in colleges. Though he’d miss his family, Justin decided to enroll
in the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice.

a. Justin was good at basketball. He was injured. His sister helped him with school. He
succeeded in school. He passed the ACT and went to a nice college.
b. Justin decided to play basketball but was harmed.
c. Justin was interrupted from his endeavour.
d. Justin was accepted to ACT and went to a nice college. He was very good.
7. How many Fs are there in the following statement?
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF
SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH YEARS OF EXPERIENCE.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
8. Summarize the following paragraphs.

The Seductive, Destructive Power of Meth

Government health officials and doctors don’t like to talk about it. The major reason meth
(methamphetamine) hooks people is that it increases their sex drive and performance—for a short while,
anyway. It is even more powerful than cocaine in this respect. Dr. Mary Holley of Alabama interviewed meth
addicts. Both men and women said the effect on sex was the number one reason they used the illegal drug.
After about six months, meth addicts can’t have sex unless they’re high, and after a while longer, they’re
unable to have sex at all. At first, meth fires up the dopamine system in the brain. After a while, it
burns it out. Once that happens, the person no longer functions sexually.
Besides causing brain damage, meth has other nasty effects. Paranoia is common. Some meth addicts
hallucinate. Others become violent. Users who inject meth risk contracting HIV and hepatitis C, a life-
threatening liver disease. Those who share needles are also at risk for other sexually transmitted diseases. Meth
users’ hair and teeth eventually fall out. The nation’s prisons are filled with former meth users whose teeth are
crumbling. The prisons cannot afford the dental treatment for them.
Meth use has reached epidemic proportions and affects every part of the country. Meth use is rampant
in big cities and small towns, and even in rural areas. A 2002 survey by the National Institute on Drug Abuse
revealed that about 5 percent of Americans at least 12 years old have tried meth at least once. This shocking
statistic translates into more than 12 million people.

a. Meth use has reached epidemic proportions and affects every part of the country. Meth use is rampant
in big cities and small towns, and even in rural areas. A 2002 survey by the National Institute on Drug
Abuse revealed that about 5 percent of Americans at least 12 years old have tried meth at least once.
This shocking statistic translates into more than 12 million people.
b. The main reason people get hooked on meth (methamphetamine) is that it boosts their sex drive and
performance, but only temporarily. After about half a year, meth users can only have sex when they’re
high, and later on, they can’t have sex at all. In addition, meth causes brain damage and has other
terrible effects. Meth use has become a nationwide epidemic.
c. Meth addicts can’t have sex unless they’re high, and after a while longer, they’re unable to have sex at
all. At first, meth fires up the dopamine system in the brain.
d. The major reason meth (methamphetamine) hooks people is that it increases their sex drive and
performance—for a short while, anyway. It is even more powerful than cocaine in this respect.

9.
Road Rage: Danger Behind the Wheel

Mention road rage, and most people instantly think of irate 18-to-26-year-old male drivers. Road rage
is more common in young adult men, but under certain circumstances, anyone can become an angry, even
violent, driver.
According to the American Automobile Association (AAA), four specific behaviors account for most
road rage. One trigger is gestures other drivers make, especially obscene gestures. A second behavior that
infuriates drivers is being cut off by other drivers who crowd in front of them. A third behavior that exasperates
many drivers is someone who is driving too slowly in the left lane--even if the “slow” driver is going the speed
limit! The fourth behavior that sparks road rage is tailgating, or following dangerously closely behind another
car.
Road rage is increasingly common, so how can you minimize your risk of becoming a road rage victim?
Actually, there are five common sense rules. One important rule is simply to be polite. Another rule is to give
other drivers plenty of room; don’t crowd them or tailgate. A third rule is not to be competitive over parking
spaces or about going first. Another rule is to avoid eye contact with drivers who seem angry. A final rule is to
get help if another driver is following you or trying to provoke a confrontation. Call 911 on your cell phone.
Drive to a police station, shopping mall, or other place where there will be lots of people. Never, ever stop and
get out of your car.

a. Road rage is increasingly common. One trigger is gestures other drivers make, especially obscene
gestures. Road rage is more common in young adult men, but under certain circumstances, anyone can
become an angry, even violent, driver.
b. Mention road rage, and most people instantly think of irate 18-to-26 years old male drivers. Following
five common sense rules, however, can minimize your risk of becoming a road rage victim. According
to the American Automobile Association (AAA), four specific behaviors account for most road rage.
One rule is simply to be polite.
c. One trigger is gestures other drivers make, especially obscene gestures. A second behavior that
infuriates drivers is being cut off by other drivers who crowd in front of them. A third behavior that
exasperates many drivers is someone who is driving too slowly in the left lane--even if the “slow”
driver is going the speed limit! The fourth behavior that sparks road rage is tailgating, or following
dangerously closely behind another car.
d. Call 911 on your cell phone. Drive to a police station, shopping mall, or other place where there will be
lots of people. Never, ever stop and get out of your car.

10. Read the following poem and select the appropriate summary.

The Road Not Taken

Robert Frost
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

a. The speaker really wants to go down both paths – he's thinking hard about his choice. He's staring
down one road, trying to see where it goes. But he can only see up to the first bend, where the
undergrowth, the small plants and greenery of the woods, blocks his view.
b. The speaker reflects on how he plans to take the road that he didn't take another day, but suspects that
he probably won't ever come back. Instead, far off in the future, he'll be talking about how his decision
was final and life changing.
c. The speaker is "sorry" he can't travel both roads, suggesting regret. Because of the impossibility of
traveling both roads, the speaker stands there trying to choose which path he's going to take. Because
he's standing, we know that he's on foot, and not in a carriage or a car.
d. The narrator comes upon a fork in the road while walking through a yellow wood. He considers both
paths and concludes that each one is equally well-traveled and appealing. After choosing one of the
roads, the narrator tells himself that he will come back to this fork one day in order to try the other
road. However, he realizes that it is unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to come back to this
specific point in time because his choice of path will simply lead to other forks in the road (and other
decisions). The narrator ends on a nostalgic note, wondering how different things would have been
had he chosen the other path.

Paraphrase the following statements.

11. The student requested that the professor excuses her absence, but the professor refused.
a. The student requested that the professor excuses her absence.
b. The professor refused the absence.
c. The professor denied the student’s request for an excused absence.
d. The student would like to absent.
12. There will be a music concert next to Vienna coffee shop. Would you like to go?
a. Who would like to come to the concert at Vienna?
b. Would you come at Vienna coffee shop for a music concert?
c. Will you go to the coffee shop for a concert?
d. Are you coming to a music concert in Vienna?
13. International Center is hosting English Conversation classes. They help non-native speakers of English
practice their English speaking skills.
a. English non-native speakers can improve their English by taking classes at International Center.
b. International Center is hosting a conversation class for speakers.
c. Non-native speakers will have an English conversation class.
d. English speaking skills will be shared to non-native speakers by English Speakers.
14. The office of International Students and Scholars (ISS) at Purdue University is located in Schleman Hall.
a. International Students and Scholars (ISS) at Purdue University is located in Schleman.
b. Schleman Hall hosts the ISS office.
c. ISS is International Students and Scholars
d. Purdue University has ISS office.
15. The car that was pulled over by the police officer yesterday just had an accident. That driver is not careful.
a. There was an accident because of reckless drivers.
b. Reckless driver causes accident by the police.
c. The driver who was pulled over yesterday is not careful because he just had an accident.
d. Drivers call the police because there is an accident.

For numbers 16-18. Read the following paragraphs and identify the appropriate summary for each.
16. Mr. Leibovitz and writer Matthew Miller joined forces to tell the story of the students in their book,
“Fortunate Sons.” The book says China sent one hundred twenty boys to America to learn about developments
that could help modernize their country.” (American Documents the Country’s First Exchange Students from
China, Voice of America, learningenglish.voanews.com)
a. Mr. Leibovitz and writer Matthew Miller joined forces to tell the story of the students in their book,
“Fortunate Sons.”
b. Mr. Leibovitz and writer Matthew Miller joined forces to tell the story that says China sent one hundred
twenty boys to America to learn about developments that could help modernize their country.”
c. China sent one hundred twenty boys to America to learn about developments that could help
modernize their country,” according to Matthew Miller
d. “Fortunate Sons” tells the story of Chinese exchange students who came to the US in the 1870s to learn
how to help China. Many Chinese students are doing the same today.
 17. “Illiteracy is a problem in many of the world’s poorest countries. Even in wealthier nations like the United
States, many children struggle with reading and writing. But in 19 cities across the country [United States], the
volunteers of Experience Corps are helping youngsters learn to read. The volunteers, all over 50, work with
students in low-income areas.” (Older Volunteers Help Children Learn to Read, Voice of America, voanews.com)
a. Older Experience Corps volunteers help poor children from 19 US cities improve their literacy skills.
b. “Illiteracy is a problem in many of the world’s poorest countries. “
c. The volunteers, all over 50, work with students in low-income areas.”
d. In 19 cities across the US, the volunteers of Experience Corps are helping youngsters learn to read.
18. “Women entrepreneurs in the developing world often face challenges that limit their chances for success
and growth. They often have less access to education than men and have difficulty getting financing on their
own. But with an understanding of the essential aspects of doing business – such as planning, financing,
networking and marketing – they can overcome those obstacles. That's where the 10,000 Women Initiative
comes in. As Faiza Elmasry tells us, it's an investment in education with dividends that benefit the
businesswomen, their local communities and their national economies.” (Goldman Sachs invests in Educating
Women in Business, Voice of America, voanews.com)
a. Women entrepreneurs in the developing world often face challenges that limit their chances for
success and growth.
b. The 10,000 Women Initiative helps women entrepreneurs in developing nations to understand the
cornerstones of the business world, overcoming various challenges and helping their communities and
countries.
c. The 10,000 Women Initiative comes in. As Faiza Elmasry tells us, it's an investment in education with
dividends that benefit the businesswomen, their local communities and their national economies.”
d. The 10,000 Women Initiative comes in.
19. It has been reported that the richest one percent of Americans own 40% of the country's wealth.
a. The richest 1% are 40 times as wealthy as the rest of Americans.
b. If the gap between rich and poor continues to grow at the current rate, the richest one percent will
soon own 40% of the country's wealth.
c. 40% of the country's wealth is in the hands of only 1% of Americans.
d. 99% of Americans own 40% as much as the richest 1%.
20. The judge was relieved when the jury was finally ready to announce its verdict.
a. When the jury announced its verdict, the judge was relieved.
b. The judge asked the jury to arrive at a verdict.
c. The judge welcomed the prospect of an imminent verdict.
d. The jury welcomed the judge's relief.
21. Research data suggest that girls who witnessed maternal abuse may tolerate abuse as adults more than
girls who did not.
a. Women who witnessed the abuse of their mother as teens are more likely to become abusive adults.
b. Women who were abused as children are more likely to abuse their own children.
c. Women who observed the abuse of their mothers when they were young are more likely to endure
abuse themselves.
d. Girls who testify about maternal abuse tolerate abuse as adults more readily.

Congratulations! You have been offered a job. The time has come to negotiate your salary. The
question to ask yourself is: "How much am I worth?" Your answer will likely affect the outcome of your
salary negotiation. The point is, in order to negotiate the best possible salary, you must convince both
yourself and the employer of the value that you will bring to the job.

22. The topic of this paragraph is

a. congratulations. b. being offered a job.
c. asking yourself how much you are worth. D. negotiating the best possible salary.
23. The stated main idea of this paragraph is
a. You have been offered a job.
b. The time has come to negotiate your salary.
c. The question to ask yourself is: "How much am I worth?"
d. The point is, in order to negotiate the best possible salary, you must convince both yourself and the
employer of the value that you will bring to the job.

There are gender differences in adolescents' satisfaction with their bodies. Compared with boys, girls
are usually less happy with their bodies and have more negative body images. Also, as puberty proceeds,
girls often become even more dissatisfied with their bodies. This is probably because their body fat
increases. In contrast, boys become more satisfied as they move through puberty, probably because their
muscle mass increases.

24. The topic of this paragraph is

a. adolescents' satisfaction with their bodies. b. girls' negative body images.
c. puberty. d. boys' muscle mass during puberty.
25. The stated main idea of this paragraph is
a. There are gender differences in adolescents' satisfaction with their bodies.
 b. Compared with boys, girls are usually less happy with their bodies and have more negative body
images.
c. Also, as puberty proceeds, girls often become even more dissatisfied with their bodies.
d. In contrast, boys become more satisfied as they move through puberty, probably because their muscle
mass increases.

For numbers 26-32. Arrange the following information that follows to make a sensible outline about the
Ancient Romans.

Topic Sentence: The ancient Romans were unlike the Greeks in many ways.

A. First, they differed in the views of citizenship.

1. (26) _________________________________________
2. (27) _________________________________________
B. Second, each were leaders in their own specialized field.
3. (28) _________________________________________
4. (29) _________________________________________

a. The Greeks granted citizenship to many conquered people.

b. The Romans developed practical methods for government and the legal system
c. The Greeks made great contributions to literature and philosophy.
d. The Romans stressed citizenship as part of national heritage.

Topic Sentence: People can be classified by how they treat their cars.

A. (30) ________________________________________________
1. Many proud owners wash and polish the car every week.
2. They keep every mechanical item in top shape.
B. (31) ________________________________________________
1. A few clean the car only if someone writes in the dirt on it.
2. They service the car only when it breaks down.
C. (32) ________________________________________________
1. Some people never wash, wax or vacuum car.
2. Some hardy souls deliberately ignore needed maintenance.

a. Finally, there are the abusive owners.

b. There are always the indifferent owners.
c. There are owners who are very relax.
d. There are the protective owners.

For numbers 33-37, use the following information about the Frimsborough County library.
33. Look at the Frimsborough County library text to answer this question. The text is aimed at:
a. Librarians b. Library users c. Council workers d. School students
34. Which category of video isn’t listed?
a. educational b. exercise c. film d. travel
35. Which month is ‘library month’?
a. November b. August c. September d. April
36. What is the name of the library?
a. Frimsborough Town Library b. Frimsborough County Library
c. Frimsborough Village Library d. Framborough District Library
37. What type of text is this text?
a. informative b. descriptive c. persuasive d. instructive

For numbers 38-42, use the following information about the Karina Furniture suite.

38. The suite is made of:

a. 50% polyester, 50% cotton. b. 49% polyester, 51% cotton.
c. 54% polyester, 46% cotton. d. 46% polyester, 54% cotton.
39. Does the catalogue company offer a home delivery service?
a. Yes. It costs £100.00. b. Yes. Delivery is free.
c. There is no delivery service offered. d. Yes, but the cost of the service is unknown.
40. How much does the 3 seater sofa cost?
a. £479.95 b. £409.95 c. £359.95 d. £232.99
41. For what type of use is the Karina range designed / made?
a. heavy domestic use b. general domestic use
c. light domestic use d. commercial use
42. How many pieces of furniture cost more than £350?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
43. The following statements are facts EXCEPT for what item?
a. French Fries taste better with catsup.
b. Every year except leap year has 365 days.
c. Narra, Mahogany and Kamagong are types of trees.
d. Mother bears the child for nine months.
44. Select among the following statements which one is NOT an opinion.
a. I think I look terrible in orange b. Computers are the best innovations ever!
b. Pizza is the best tasting food d. Soccer and tennis are both types of sports.
 BULLYING

Teenagers interacting through social media avenues such as Facebook may encounter bullying
situations, stated O’Keeffe and Klark-Pearson. The authors of the AAP report, define cyberbullying as the
deliberate use of digital media to hurt, embarrass or share hostile information about someone else. With
the social interactions that take place between “friends” on Facebook, it’s common for cyberbullying
situations to occur. The results of cyberbullying can include anxiety, depression and even suicide.
- Kathryn Hatter (2015), How Does
Facebook Affect Teenagers Socially?
45. In the above stated paragraph, what fact is given?
a. Teenagers interacting through social media avenues such as Facebook may encounter bullying
situations, stated O’Keeffe and Klark-Pearson.
b. Cyberbullying as the deliberate use of digital media to hurt, embarrass or share hostile information
about someone else.
c. With the social interactions that take place between “friends” on Facebook, it’s common for
cyberbullying situations to occur.
d. The results of cyber bullying can include anxiety, depression and even suicide.

ELEPHANTS AND CHEESE: AN EXPLORATORY PAPER

by Teck Wann

It is widely known that elephants fear cheese, and will flee at the
first whiff of it ("Elephants stampede", 2003). What is not yet well Source F
understood is why this phenomenon occurs. For more than a decade
academics have been researching this perplexing topic. Their work
constitutes part of the booming new discipline known as pachydermo-
fromagology, which is defined as “the study of elephant-cheese
interactions” ( 46_______________________). This paper will evaluate existing Source D
research and theories, and argue that none of them satisfactorily explain
the data which has been gathered so far.
That elephants fear cheese was an accidental discovery made by
the noted elephantologist G. Coleman ( Coleman, 1984). The story of the Source B
discovery is now famous, but worth repeating:
After a hard morning following the herd, I had just sat down under
a tree for lunch and unwrapped a particularly delectable chunk of
cheddar sent up from the base camp. Suddenly I heard an
enormous trampling sound, and when I looked up, the entire herd Source C,
was gone. (47 _____________________________) page 160
His discovery, while dismissed at the time, was subsequently
corroborated by other researchers. Several studies (Gibson & Sturgess, Sources
1987; Gibson, Sturgess, &Bates, 1989) have confirmed the phenomenon, G, H
and that it occurs among both African and Asian elephants. A recent
report by the Elephant Research Institute
(48 _________) established that smell is the primary means elephants Source E
detect cheese, and that they will ignore large pieces of cheese if tightly
wrapped. Meanwhile a French cheese expert asserts on his website that
elephants do not flee from French cheese, only the lesser cheeses of
other nations. “Zee creatures, zey have good taste, non?” he writes Source I,
(Gouda, n.d., para. 2). Introduction,
Recently, a new theory has exploded on the scene and caused para. 2
quite a stink. Based on several clever experiments, K. Maas
Source J,
(49 _______________) has claimed that in fact elephants do not fear cheese page 468
at all, but instead fear the mice which are attracted to cheese. However,
this theory, which she calls the Maas Mouse Hypothesis (MMH), has not Sources
yet been widely accepted. One researcher (Sturgess, 2004a; 2004b) has K, L
published a series of articles roundly denouncing the MMH, and the
debate has even spilled over into the popular press (50 _____________). Source A
 References

Achison, C.L. (2004, April). A ripe and weighty issue: an interview with Monica A
Sturgess. Cheese Lovers World, 6 (4), 12-13.

Coleman, G.J. (1984). An odd behaviour observed among the species Elephas
B
maximus. Journal of Trunked Mammal Studies, 23, 421-429.

Coleman, G.J. (1988). Underfoot: ten years among the elephants. New York: Oxford C
University Press.

Concise Oxford dictionary, 11th ed. (2004). Oxford University Press. Retrieved D
October 20, 2004, from Oxford Reference Online database.

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