MODULE OF NSTP

HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

1935 MANUEL QUEZON

Commonwealth Act No. 1 / National Defense Act

All college students, particularly males,

required to finish 2 years of military training.

1980

FERDINAND MARCOS

Presidential Decree No. 1706 / National Service Law. It was composed of 3 main program components:

Civic Welfare Service (CWS)

Law Enforcement Service (LES)

Military Service (MS)

1986 CORAZON AQUINO

Basic ROTC / Presidential Memorandum Order No. 1

Suspension of civil welfare and Law Enforcement Service except of Military Service

1995 FIDEL RAMOS

Extended ROTC Program 1st Curriculum year- Military Service

2nd Curriculum year would be optional (to continue Military service or other components)

Mark Welson Chua (died sometime between 15–18 March 2001)

A Filipino student of the University of Santo Tomas whose death is widely believed to be linked to his exposé of alleged irregularities in the

Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit of the university.

2001 GLORIA ARROYO

Death of Marc Chua became the catalyst for the passage of Republic Act 9163 or the "National Service Training Program Law",

Which removed completion of mandatory ROTC as a precondition for graduation for male college students in the Philippines.
Republic Act No. 9163
AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING

PROGRAM (NSTP) FOR TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS,

AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7077 AND

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1706, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

SECTION 1. Short Title

“National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001”.

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy

It is hereby affirmed the prime duty of the government to serve and protect its citizens, In turn, it shall be the responsibility of all citizens to

defend the security of the State and in fulfillment thereof, the government may require each citizen to render personal, military or civil service.

SECTION 3. Definition of Terms For purposes of this Act, the following are hereby defined as follows:

(a) “National Service Training Program (NSTP)” is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth

by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components
 (b) “Reserve-Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)” is a program institutionalized under Sections 38 and 39 of

Republic Act No. 7077 designed to provide military training to tertiary level students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for
national defense preparedness.

(c) “Literacy Training Service” is a program designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to school children,
out of school youth, and other segments of society in need of their service.

(d) “Civic Welfare Training Service” refers to programs or activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the
members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities.

(e) “Program component” shall refer to the service components of the NSTP as enumerated on Section 4 of this Act.

SECTION 4. Establishment of the National Service Training Program

There is hereby established a National Service

Training Program (NSTP), which shall form part of the curricula of all baccalaureate degree courses and of at least two (2)-year technical-
vocational courses and is a requisite for graduation, consisting of the following service components:

SECTION 5. Coverage

Students, male and female, of any baccalaureate degree course or at least two (2)-year technical-vocational courses in public and private
educational institutions shall be required to complete one (1) of the NSTP components as requisite for graduation.

SECTION 6. Duration and Equivalent Course Unit

Each of the aforementioned NSTP program components shall be undertaken for an academic period of two (2) semesters.
SECTION 7. NSTP Offering in Higher and Technical-Vocational Educational Institutions

All higher and technical-vocational institutions, public and private, must offer at least one of the program components:

SECTION 8. Fees and Incentives

Higher and technical-vocational institutions shall not collect any fee for any of the NSTP components except basic institution fees, which shall
not be more than fifty percent (50%) of what is currently charged by schools per unit.

SECTION 9. Scholarships

There is hereby created a Special Scholarship Program for qualified students taking the NSTP which shall be administered by the CHED and
TESDA. Funds for this purpose shall be included in the annual regular appropriations of the CHED and TESDA.

SECTION 10. Management of the NSTP Components

The school authorities shall exercise academic and administrative supervision over the design, formulation, and adoption and implementation of
the different NSTP components in their respective schools

CHED- or TESDA-accredited non-government organization (NGO) has been contracted to formulate and administer a training module for any of
the NSTP components. Such training module shall be accredited by the CHED and TESDA.

SECTION 11. Creation of the National Service Reserve Corps

There is hereby created a National Service Reserve Corps, to be composed of the graduates of the non-ROTC components.

This Corps may be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities through the joint effort of the DND, CHED and TESDA.

Graduates of the ROTC shall form part of the Citizens’ Armed Force, pursuant to Republic Act No. 7077.
SECTION 12. Implementing Rules

The DND, CHED and TESDA shall have the joint responsibility for the adoption of the implementing rules of this Act within sixty (60) days from
the approval of this Act.

SECTION 13. Transitory Provisions

Students who have yet to complete the Basic ROTC, except those falling under Section 14 of this Act, may either continue in the program
component they are currently enrolled or shift to any of the other program components of their choice:

In case he shifts to another program component, the Basic ROTC courses he has completed shall be counted for the purpose of completing the
NSTP requirement. That once he has shifted to another program component, he shall complete the NSTP in that component.

SECTION 14. Suspension of ROTC Requirement

The completion of ROTC training as requisite for graduation is hereby set aside for those students who despite completing all their academic
units as of the effectivity of this Act have NOT been allowed to graduate.

SECTION 15. Separability Clause

If any section or provision of this Act shall be declared unconstitutional or invalid, the other sections or provisions not affected thereby shall
remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 16. Amendatory Clause

Section 35 of Commonwealth Act No. 1, Executive Order No. 207 of 1939, Sections 2 and 3 of Presidential

Decree No. 1706, and Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, as well as all laws, decrees, orders, rules and regulations and other issuances
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby deemed amended and modified accordingly
SECTION 17. Effectivity

This Act shall take effect (15) days after its publication in two (2) newspapers of national circulation, but the implementation of this Act
commence in the school year of 2002-2003.

Approved: JAN 23 2002 (Sgd.) GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO President of the Philippines

(Sgd.) FRANKLIN M. DRILON

President of the Senate

(Sgd.) JOSE DE VENECIA, JR.

Speaker of the House of Representative

Republic of the Philippines

Congress of the Philippines
Metro Manila
Twelfth Congress
First Regular Session

[REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9163]

AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP) FOR
TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO.
7077 AND PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1706, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
SECTION 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as the “National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001”.

SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby affirmed the prime duty of the government to serve and protect its citizens, In turn, it shall be the
responsibility of all citizens to defend the security of the State and in fulfillment thereof, the government may require each citizen to render
personal, military or civil service.

SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the following are hereby defined as follows:

(a) “National Service Training Program (NSTP)”

(b) “Reserve-Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)”
(c) “Literacy Training Service”
(d) “Civic Welfare Training Service”
(e) “Program component”

SEC. 4. Establishment of the National Service Training Program. — There is hereby established a National Service Training Program (NSTP),
which shall form part of the curricula of all baccalaureate degree courses and of at least two (2)-year technical-vocational courses and is a
requisite for graduation, consisting of the following service components:

(1) The Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC), which is hereby made optional and voluntary upon the effectivity of this Act;

(2) The Literacy Training Service; and

(3) The Civil Welfare Training Service.

SEC. 5. Coverage. — Students, male and female, of any baccalaureate degree course or at least two (2)-year technical-vocational courses in
public and private educational institutions shall be required to complete one (1) of the NSTP components as requisite for graduation.
SEC. 6. Duration and Equivalent Course Unit. — Each of the aforementioned NSTP program components shall be undertaken for an academic
period of two (2) semesters.

SEC. 7. NSTP Offering in Higher and Technical-Vocational Educational Institutions. — All higher and technical-vocational institutions, public and
private, must offer at least one of the program components: Provided, That State universities and colleges shall offer the ROTC component and
at least one other component as provided herein: Provided, further, That private higher and technical-vocational education institutions may also
offer the ROTC if they have at least three hundred and fifty (350) cadet students.

SEC. 8. Fees and Incentives. — Higher and technical-vocational institutions shall not collect any fee for any of the NSTP components except basic
institution fees, which shall not be more than fifty percent (50%) of what is currently charged by schools per unit.

SEC. 9. Scholarships. — There is hereby created a Special Scholarship Program for qualified students taking the NSTP which shall be administered
by the CHED and TESDA. Funds for this purpose shall be included in the annual regular appropriations of the CHED and TESDA.

SEC. 10. Management of the NSTP Components. — The school authorities shall exercise academic and administrative supervision over the
design, formulation, and adoption and implementation of the different NSTP components in their respective schools:

SEC. 11. Creation of the National Service Reserve Corps. — There is hereby created a National Service Reserve Corps, to be composed of the
graduates of the non-ROTC components. Members of this Corps may be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities through the
joint effort of the DND, CHED and TESDA.

Graduates of the ROTC shall form part of the Citizens’ Armed Force, pursuant to Republic Act No. 7077.
SEC. 12. Implementing Rules. — The DND, CHED and TESDA shall have the joint responsibility for the adoption of the implementing rules of this
Act within sixty (60) days from the approval of this Act.

SEC. 13. Transitory Provisions. — Students who have yet to complete the Basic ROTC, except those falling under Section 14 of this Act, may
either continue in the program component they are currently enrolled or shift to any of the other program components of their choice:

SEC. 14. Suspension of ROTC Requirement. — The completion of ROTC training as requisite for graduation is hereby set aside for those students
who despite completing all their academic units as of the effectivity of this Act have not been allowed to graduate.

SEC. 15. Separability Clause. — If any section or provision of this Act shall be declared unconstitutional or invalid, the other sections or
provisions not affected thereby shall remain in full force and effect.

SEC. 16. Amendatory Clause. — Section 35 of Commonwealth Act No. 1, Executive Order No. 207 of 1939, Sections 2 and 3 of Presidential
Decree No. 1706, and Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, as well as all laws, decrees, orders, rules and regulations and other issuances
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby deemed amended and modified accordingly.

SEC. 17. Effectivity. — This Act shall take effect (15) days after its publication in two (2) newspapers of national circulation, but the
implementation of this Act commence in the school year of 2002-2003.

MODULE;2

PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION AND CITIZENSHIP

 PREAMBLE

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government
that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves our
posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace,
do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
The Philippine Constitution Article II

Article II

Principles

Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from
them.
Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as
part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.
Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the
State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory.
Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State
and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil service.
Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and the promotion of the general welfare are
essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.
Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.
 State Policies

Section 7. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states, the paramount consideration shall be national
sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination.
Section 8. The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.
Section 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the
people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an
improved quality of life for all.
Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development.
Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.
Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It
shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the
rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.
Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic
affairs.
Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and
men.
Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them.
Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and
harmony of nature.
Section 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism,
accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development.
Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare.
Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos.
Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed
investments.
Section 21. The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.
Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and
development.
Section 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.
Section 24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation building.
Section 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.
Section 26. The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.
Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and
corruption.
Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its
transactions involving public interest.

LESSON; 3

Dangerous
Drugs, HIV, and
AIDS
INTRUDUCTION

In this Module, students will be expected to have awareness regarding the negative impact of dangerous drugs, HIV, and AIDS. It includes
discussion, research, interviews, and readings for them to deepen their knowledge about the lessons and create awareness and activities that
will lessen the problems of dangerous drugs, HIV, and AIDS.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Drugs have been used since ancient times. As recorded, an alcoholic drink made from fermented honey called mead was first used about 8000
B.C.E. while beer and berry wines were approximately used around 6000 B.C.E. The following are some of the highlights how the use of drugs
evolved:

● About 5000 B.C.E. Sumerians started to use opium.

● In 3500 B.C.E. Ancient Egypt used alcohol.
● Around 3000 B.C.E. Ancient China used cannabis, the source of marijuana.
● About 2500 B.C.E. Ancient Swiss people ate poppy seeds, the source of opium.
● For thousand years, coca leaves (Erythoxylon coca, where cocaine was extracted) have been chewed by ancient people, and they used plants
and herbs as their medicines.
● In 350 B.C.E. Ancient Palestine drank wine.
● In 300 B.C.E. It was recorded that Ancient Greeks drank poppy Juice.
● In South America tribes, cohoba, which was made from mimosa beans, was used as hallucinogen.
● About 1000 C.E. The use of opium was part of daily routine among Chinese and other Asians.
● Before 1492, Native Americans were already using tobacco before Christopher Columbus came.
Drug Abuse

Drug abuse exists when a person continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This continued use can lead to drug dependence, a
state of physical and psychological dependence, or both on a dangerous drug.

Drug Addiction

Drug addiction is a complex and often chronic, brain disease. It is characterized by excessive drug craving, seeking, and use. Addiction is caused
by brain changes caused by constant drug use.

Dependency

This is the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by a person following the use of
that substance on a periodic or continuous basis. A person dependent on drugs will experience withdrawal reactions (also known as “cold
turkey”,

Drug Abuse: By the Numbers

Estimated Drug Users in the Philippines: 1.7 Million
Estimated Drug Users in the World: 246 Million
Profile of Drug Users
Mean Age: 20-29 years old
Ratio of Male is to Female Users: 10:1
Civil Status: Married
Employment Status: Employed
Educational Attainment:
High School Level symptoms that occur after long-term use of a drug is reduced or stopped abruptly) after abstaining from drugs.

Republic Act 9165

AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002, REPEALING
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972,
AS AMENDED, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)

Methamphetamine hydrochloride is found to have harmful effects on the brain. It changes how the brain functions. Studies have shown that
methamphetamine abusers have reduced motor skills and impaired verbal learning as a result of alterations in the activity of the dopamine, a
neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, experience of pleasure and motor function.

Street names: shabs, ice, meth, crystal, kristal, basura, tawas

Other adverse effects of methamphetamine:

● Severe dental problems (“meth mouth”)

● Anxiety

● Extreme Weight Loss

● Confusion

● Insomnia

● Mood disturbances

● Violent behavior
Cannabis Sativa (Marijuana)

Marijuana use impairs a person's ability to form new memories and to shift focus. Its active component, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also
disrupts coordination and balance, posture, and reaction time (experience commonly referred to as “spacing out”).

Chronic marijuana use significantly reduces a person’s capacity to learn, carry-out complicated tasks, participate in sports, driving and operating
other machines. Studies also show that marijuana use can lead to lung cancer and other problems in the respiratory and immune systems.

Street names: weed, jutes, pot, grass, damo, chongke

Health problems that come with the use of marijuana include:

• Problems with memory and learning

• Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time, touch)

• Trouble with thinking and problem solving

• Loss of motor coordination

• Increased heart rate and palpitations

Inhalants

The effects of inhalants are similar to that of alcohol, including slurred speech, lack of coordination, euphoria, and dizziness. Inhalant abusers
may also experience lightheadedness, hallucinations, and delusions.
Harmful irreversible effects of inhalants include:
● Limb spasms
● Hearing Loss
● Central nervous system or brain damage
● Bone marrow damage

Ecstasy

Ecstasy goes around by the names E, Snackies, and New Yorkers.

The drug, usually made in illegal laboratories, consists of a range of substances that make it dangerous to consume. It comes in the form of a
tablet, powder, or capsule, and is usually swallowed,
It makes them feel more sociable and energetic. Short-term use of ecstasy prompts the body to ignore distress signals such as dehydration,
dizziness, and exhaustion, and interferes with the body's ability to regulate temperature. It could also severely damage the liver and kidneys and
could cause convulsions and heart failure.

Cocaine

Cocaine is known as Crack, Bazooka, Blanche, Cake, Coke, or Lady. Itis a fine white or off-white powder extracted from the leaves of the coca.
Cocaine is usually sniffed or injected, while crack is usually smoked. After snorting cocaine, users feel exhilarated and euphoric,leading to
increased energy levels and alertness, along with delayed hunger and fatigue.
Heroin

Heroin is also called Smack, H, Horse, Junk, Harry, and White

Lady. Heroin is a painkiller processed from morphine, which comes from the opium poppy plant.

Pure heroin is a white powder, but street heroin is brownish white. This highly addictive drug is usually injected, but could also be snorted,
smoked, or inhaled.

Heroin could relieve tension, anxiety, and depression, including physical distress or pain. Its short-term effects include constricted pupils,
nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, inability to concentrate and apathy.

LSD
Also known as Acid or Hippie, LSD is a semi-synthetic drug made from lysergic acid, which is found in a fungus that grows on rye and other
grains.
LSD use leads to strong changes in thought, mood, and senses, along with feelings of empathy and sociability. Its exact effects, however, vary,

depending on the mental state of the user and the environment when taking the drug.

Barbiturates

Barbiturates are known as central nervous system depressants. They enhance the action of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits the activity of
nerve cells in the brain.

Historically, barbiturates were used in the treatment of anxiety, epilepsy, to induce sleep, and as anesthetics. Nowadays, their use is limited to a

few specific conditions, such as:

1. Extreme cases of insomnia

2. Seizures that are unresponsive to other, less toxic, agents
3. the induction of anesthesia
4. In combination with acetaminophen and caffeine to relieve tension headaches.
Barbiturates have been associated with many, potentially serious side effects. Some of the more common side effects include:

● Confusion nausea and vomiting

● Vertigo a headache
● Irritability dizziness
● Drowsiness diarrhea
● low blood pressure

Barbiturates are extremely dangerous in overdose. Symptoms may include:

● difficulty concentrating
● impaired judgment
● incoordination
● sluggishness
● speech disturbances
● staggering
● unusually slow and shallow breathing
● coma and death.

PHILIPPINE AGENCIES AGAINST DRUG ABUSE

Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Network (DARN) Department of Health

Treatment and Rehabilitation Center – Bicutan, Taguig, National Capital Region

The DARN is in charge for the rehabilitation and educational programs for drug abuse victims. Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Network, Inc. later
became the Department of Health Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in Bicutan.

DOHTRC-Bicutan provides residential and outpatient treatment and rehabilitation for Filipinos and their families who are suffering from
addiction problems. The center is also in-charge of the issuance of Drug Dependency Examination and Certification or the DDE which is a
necessary requirement in the admission of a drug dependent.

DOHTRC – Bicutan also offers individual and group counseling, psychotherapy, psychological testing, drug testing, and family intervention
programs. Trial re-entry, follow-up treatment, and after-care programs are also part of their holistic approach when it comes to dealing with
addiction. This government agency is under the supervision of the Department of Health.

National Bureau of Investigation – NBI (Pambansang Kawanihan ng Pagsisiyasat)

This law enforcement agency initiates the treatment and rehabilitation center for drug dependents.

Philippine National Police (Narcotics Group) (PNP – NG) Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas

This implementing body has the mission of strict implementation of laws and policies regarding illegal drugs and underground groups.
Dangerous Drug Board (DBB) This government agency in the Philippines establishes policies and programs for the prevention and control of
drugs throughout the country. It also further develops the existing laws regarding drug abuse prevention and control. It also conducts seminars
and training on drug addiction awareness and programs. Dangerous Drug Board broadens campaigns on drug addiction and encourages citizens
to engage in the prevention programs of drug addiction in the country. They also collaborate with the respective Anti-Drug Abuse Council of
cities and municipalities in the Philippines with the aim of strengthening the implementing bodies of each respective barangay.
PDEA has mobilized private contacts to provide raw information about illicit drug deals in the immediate community. These assets are
compensated using the budget of OPERATION PRIVATE EYE, a program that encourages private citizens to be a part of the global war against
drug addiction.

Department of Health (DOH) in the Philippines (Kawanihan ng Kalusugan sa Pilipinas)

The Department of Health monitors and supervises all government drug rehabilitation centers, facilities, operations, and programs in the
country including private drug rehabilitation centers. It coordinates with other government agencies such as the Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD), National Bureau of Investigation (NBI).

Through the Executive Order No. 273, President Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo ordered the transfer of the operation of the government’s drug
treatment and rehabilitation centers and programs nationwide to the Department of Health. The said memorandum initiates the: transfer of
PNP and NBI Treatment and Rehabilitation to DOH and the allocation of funds from the Anti-Dangerous Drugs Campaign to DOH to use in the
operation and improvement of existing TRCs and programs.

HIV AND AIDS

Drug use increases risk for getting or passing on viral infections because certain viruses can spread through blood or body fluids. This happens
with men and women, primarily in two ways:

(1) When people inject drugs and share needles or other drug equipment,

(2) When drugs impair judgment and people make unwise, unprotected choices related to intimate contact with an infected partner
WHAT IS HIV?

HIV refers to human immunodeficiency virus that gradually attacks the immune system, which is the body’s natural defence against illness. Once
a person becomes infected with HIV, one will find the difficulty to fight off infections and diseases. The HIV destroys a type of white blood cells
called a T-helper cells and replicates itself inside them.

Stages of HIV infection

Stage 1. Acute HIV infection

Typically, acute HIV infection develops within two to four weeks as soon as a person is infected with HIV. In this stage, many people have flu-like
symptoms, such as fever, headache, and rash. Subsequently, HIV multiplies rapidly and spreads through the body, then attacks and destroys the
infection-fighting CD4 cells of the immune system. HIV can be transmitted during any stage of infection, but the risk is greatest during acute HIV
infection.

Stage 2. Chronic HIV infection

This stage is also called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical latency. At this stage, HIV continues to multiply in the body but at very low levels.
People with chronic HIV infection may not have any HIV-related symptoms, but they can still spread HIV to others. Without treatment with HIV
medicines, chronic HIV infection usually advances to AID in 10 to 12 years.

Stage 3. AIDS

AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection. Normally, without treatment, people with AIDS survive about three years.
What is AIDS?

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or commonly known as AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, and not everyone who has HIV
advanced to this stage. AIDS is the stage of infection that occurs when an immune system is badly damaged and becomes vulnerable to
opportunistic infection (such as pneumonia and tuberculosis).

THE ABCDE HIV Protection for College Students

Abstinence

Delay sexual debut (age of first sexual encounters), especially in the case of adolescents.

Authorities agreed that the best way to get rid of HIV/AIDS infection among young people is to develop the no to pre-marital sex attitude. Young
people who are aware of the consequences of early sexual involvement are those individuals who become successful in life.

Be Respectful

Be in love and be loved in college years is inevitable. It is part of college life. But true love waits! Having sex with your boyfriend/girlfriend is not
the ultimate expression that you are deeply in love with each other. In fact, if you love somebody, you have to respect that person, as well as
yourself. Avoiding pre-marital sex is a sign of respect both to yourself and your partner, which in return, is the demonstration of your love to
each other. With this goal, it shows that no to pre-marital sex is still the safest way of protecting yourself from HIV.

Concentrate on your study

The main reason of pursuing dreams of a college education is to fulfill your dreams in life and be a better and successful person someday. This
goal needs concentration, time management, and planning. Students can still concentrate and devote quality time to study even though they are
in loved. Ritchell Thibodeaux (2011) in her My College and Careers gave possible tips on how to balance love and study. Some of these tips are
the following:
Time Management

Certain things must be done in certain times; do homework first before texting or talking to the phone with someone you love; schedule your
dates during weekends; no hanging out before and during. Examination week. Have quality time also with your family, friends, and yourself.

Do not focus on one thing; balance everything. Doing these simple advice will help you become a responsible student, child, partner, and a
person for a better future. With such, pre-marital sex may be hindered.

Mutual Agreement

To balance love and study, you and your partner should agree about your plan to schedule everything so that both of you will finish your studies
and reach your dreams. If both of you will graduate, the chances for both of you to have more opportunities in life and be prosperous are highly
possible and then love will be in the air. If your partner disagrees, it is a sign that your present partner is not capable of understanding and giving
importance to your goals in life and future. So you better think twice.

LESSON 4

Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Awareness

Pacific Ring of Fire

The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent
earthquakes.
Typhoon Belt

The Philippines has suffered from an inexhaustible number of deadly typhoons, earthquakes, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters. This
is due to its location along the Ring of Fire, or typhoon

belt – a large Pacific Ocean region where many of Earth's volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.

DISSASTER

A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and
economic or environmental losses that exceed the community's or society's ability to cope using its own resources. Though often caused by
nature, disasters can have human origins.

Types of Disaster

- A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth.
- Man-made disasters have an element of human intent, negligence, or error involving a failure of a man-made system, as opposed to
natural disasters resulting from natural hazards.
-

EARTHQUAKE; - the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. At the Earth's surface,
earthquakes may manifest themselves by a shaking or displacement of the ground. Sometimes, they cause tsunamis, which may lead to loss of
life and destruction of property.

FAULT; - a fracture of huge rocks caused by the earth movement or tectonic forces.

TRENCH; - Ocean trenches are steep depressions in the deepest parts of the ocean where old ocean crust from one tectonic plate is pushed
beneath another plate, raising mountains, causing earthquakes, and forming volcanoes on the seafloor and on land.
INTENSITY; - The severity of earthquake shaking is assessed using a descriptive scale – the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale.

MAGNITUDE; - Earthquake size is a quantitative measure of the size of the earthquake at its source. The Scale measures the amount of seismic
energy released by an earthquake.

STUNAMI; - A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a
large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.

The Emergency Alert System (EAS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Radio also provide emergency alerts.

VOLCANIC ERUPTION; - A volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials from the Earth's interior are thrown out of a volcano. Lava, rocks, dust,
and gas compounds are some of these "ejecta". Some eruptions are terrible explosions that throw out huge amounts of rock and volcanic ash
and can kill many people.

TYPOON; - a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the
Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for almost one-third of the world's annual tropical
cyclones.

STORM SURGE; - A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly
associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the normal tidal level, and does
not include waves.

FLOOD; - A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to
the inflow of the tide. Floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering and
public health.
Phases of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Disaster Management Cycle

MITIGATION;
To prevent future emergencies and take steps to minimize their effects
The “mitigation” phase occurs before a disaster takes place.

PREPARENESS;
To take actions ahead of time to be ready for an emergency The “preparedness” phase also occurs before a disaster takes place.

RESPONSE
To protect people and property in the wake of an emergency, disaster or crisis
The “response” phase occurs in the immediate aftermath of a disaster.

RECOVERY
To rebuild after a disaster in an effort to return operations back to normal
The “recovery” phase takes place after a disaster.
The Republic Act 10121

The R.A. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, an act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management system, providing for the national disaster risk reduction and management framework and institutionalizing the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes.