PHYS132 – M4/M13

Group#7_Puracan

CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Department of Engineering Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry

SING, NICHOLAS BONN L. November 28, 2019

(Name, Course, and Year) (Date Submitted)

M4/M13 – 1 ENGR. KARLA JANE N. PURACAN

Section - Group Number Instructor

Experiment #1

UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED LINEAR MOTION

Title of Experiment

I. Objective/s

 To investigate how the displacement of a cart down the inclined plane is related to
the elapsed time.
 To determine the acceleration of the cart from an analysis of the displacement
versus time data.
 To determine an experimental value for g (the acceleration due to gravity) and
compare with the accepted value of g=9.8 m/s2
II. Materials/Apparatus/Equipment

 Angle Indicator
 Clamp
 Iron Stand
 Linear Track Apparatus
 Motion Sensor
 Pasco Cart
 iPad or Cellphone
 USB Cable for the T.V. and C.P. or iPad.
 400 g ball
 330 g book
III. Procedure

Preparing for the Experiment

1. The apparatuses and materials were first prepared.

2. The USB cable is then used to connect both from the T.V. to the iPad.
3. Sparkvue application was used in the iPad.
4. A motion sensor device is then connected to the iPad via Bluetooth.
5. Tap “SENSOR DATA” icon.
6. Tap “SET UP” and check velocity and position options.
7. Adjust sample rate to 10 Hz.
8. Tap “Graph”.
9. In creating two graphs, tap and drag the velocity and position at the same time from
the left corner to the y – axis of the graph.
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Part I. Measurement of Acceleration of the Cart on an Inclined Track

1. The linear track is attached on the iron stand and adjusted the inclination to the
desired angle using the angle indicator starting 2 degrees to 4,5, and 6 degrees.
2. At approximate location near the higher end of track, the second iron stand is
placed and the Motion Sensor must attached on it. The sensor should be able to
detect the motion of the cart once it is released. The sensor LED blinks when it
detects motion of the cart.
3. Tap Sparkvue app on the iPad screen and tap Sensor Data.
4. Tap the Bluetooth icon on the top left corner of the graph.
5. Tap the ONLY selected connection to the motion sensor.
6. Check the box that corresponds to Position and Velocity.
7. Place the PASCAR on the higher end of track. Tap START on the top left corner
of the graph and simultaneously release the PASCAR.
8. Tap STOP when the cart reaches the lower end of the track.
9. Highlight the position – versus – time graph and tap the SCALE-TO-FIT button at
the top left corner of the graph.
10. Delete extraneous or unnecessary data.
11. Highlight valid data points and tap FIT. Choose quadratic Fit.
12. Highlight the velocity-versus-time graph and tap SCALE-TO-FIT at the top left
corner of the graph.
13. Delete extraneous or unnecessary data
14. Highlight valid data points and tap FIT. Choose Linear Fit.
15. Determine the experimental value of acceleration of the cart using the
coefficients displayed on the graph. For this purpose, use the equations
1 2 1 2
a. x=v o t + at or at + v 0 t−x=0; and
2 2
b. v=v 0 + at or or v=at +v 0
16. Make three more runs but this time increase the angle by 2-1-1 degree every
trial
17. Compute the percentage of difference between the experimental and the
computed vales of acceleration. The computed value of acceleration may be
obtained using the formula:
a=g sin θ
Where: g= 9.8m/s : θ=angle of inclination of thetrack

Part II. Measurement of Acceleration due to Gravity

1. Tap Sparkvue app on the iPad screen and tap Sensor Data.
2. Tap Bluetooth icon on the top left corner of the graph.
3. Tap the ONLY selected connection to the motion sensor.
4. Check the box that corresponds to Position and Velocity.
5. Attach the Motion Sensor at the highest possible position on the iron stand
(approximately 2 meters from the floor).
6. Position any large object (e.g. ball or book) beneath the Motion Sensor.
7. Release the object and at the same time tap the START button on the bottom of
the graph displayed in the iPad screen.
8. Tap STOP when the object reaches the floor.
9. Highlight the position – versus – time graph and tap SCALE – TO – FIT button at
the top left corner of the graph by tapping then dragging and cover any of the
position – versus – time.
10. Delete extraneous or unnecessary data.
11. Highlight valid data points and tap FIT. Choose Linear Fit.
12. Highlight the position – versus – time graph and tap SCALE – TO – FIT button at
the bottom left corner of the graph.
13. Delete extraneous or unnecessary data.
14. Highlight valid data points and tap FIT. Choose Linear Fit.
18. Determine the experimental value of acceleration of the cart using the
coefficients displayed on the graph. For this purpose, use the equations
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1 2 1 2
a. x=v o t + at or at + v 0 t−x=0; and
2 2
b. v=v 0 + at or v=at +v 0

19. Make three more runs but this time change the mass starting from 3 rd to 4th in
every trial, since the 2nd trial is still the same as to the 1st.
20. Compute the percentage of error using the standard value of g which is equal to
9.81 m/s2.

IV. Tabulated Data and Results

Part 1

Trial θ acmp aexpt %D

1 2 0.34 0.337 0.88%
2 4 0.68 0.679 0.15%
3 5 0.85 0.843 0.82%
4 6 1.11 1.110 7.77%

For the first part of the results, it provides a table of tabulated data. A Linear
Track Apparatus, Angle Indicator, and a Pasco Cart is used during this experiment. It
shows that the Angle Indicator was set up to 2, 4, 5, and 6 degrees upward for the
Linear Track Apparatus, and the motion sensor was used to identify the given
graphs. The slopes that was given on the graph was .337 for the first trial, .679 for
the second trial, .843 for the third trial, and 1.110 for the last trial, thus its percentage
error shows that the first trial is .88%, .15% for the second trial, .82% for the third
trial, and 7.77% for fourth trial.

Trial #1

Trial #2
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Trial #3

Trial #4

Part 2

Trial Mass gstd gexpt %D

1 400 g 9.8 m/s2 9.14 m/s2 11%
2 400 g 9.8 m/s2 7.40 m/s2 25%
3 330 g 9.8 m/s2 8.74 m/s2 7%
4 330 g 9.8 m/s2 8.60 m/s2 12.33%
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As for the second part of the following experiment, 2 objects of different weights
were used and a motion sensor. For the first two trials, a ball that weighed 400 g was
dropped almost 6.5 feet off the ground and the motion sensor was used to identify
the given slope from a fallen object. And it shows that the gravity from the first two
trials were 9.14 m/s2 for the first and 7.40 m/s2 for the second, thus their percentage
error were given 11% for the first and 25% for the second. As for the third and forth
trial, a different object was used but with the same procedure. A book that weighed
330 g was also dropped at almost 6.5 feet off the ground. It shows that the gravity
from both trials were almost similar and preferably close. The third trial was given
8.74 m/s2 and 8.60 m/s2 for the fourth, thus the percentage error is shown. Given that
7% was from the third trial and 12.33% from the fourth.

Trial #1

Trial #2

Trial #3
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Trial #4

V. Experimental Data Analysis and Discussion

The result shows less percentage errors on both parts of the experiments that does
not exceed the 20% mark. The result wasn’t expected because in part 1, 4 different
degrees (2, 4, 5, and 6) were applied in an inclined plane and in part 2, 2 different
objects, but in both different masses – trial 1 and 2 were 400 g for the ball, and 3 and
4 were 330 g for the book. This shows that the velocity of the body is never uniform
for the whole time of motion. The velocity of the body increases and decreases
randomly. Since the velocity of the body keeps on changing, it is said to have the
acceleration. In any object that has different masses, the heavier it is, the more it
gains acceleration because of gravity, and the lighter it gets, the lesser acceleration
has. The objects may have the same speed, but due to gravity and its different
masses, it shows that the more heavier an object is, the more acceleration it gets as
it falls down to the ground.

Conclusion

Yes. We learned that when an object is placed in an inclined plane that is facing
upward or that is tilted, it shows that the object is increasing in acceleration due to
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the force of gravity. And if an inclined plane is lowering down, the object decreases in
acceleration. Acceleration is directly related to the angle of an incline.  When an
angle is 90 degrees, the object is in freefall and acceleration is equal to the
acceleration due to the Earth’s gravity, 9.8m/s^2.  Reasons for the mild percent error
are issues of rounding numbers and slight inaccurate selection of graph segments
when collecting data for linear and quadratic acceleration. Thus, the acceleration is

VI. References

Damask, A., Garcia, N. (1991). Uniformly Accelerated Motion. Physics for Computer
Science Students. Springer Study Edition. Springer, New York, NY. pp 21-36.
Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-0421-0_3

Tatum, J. (2019). INTRODUCTION: Uniformly Accelerated Motion. PHYSICS:

LibreTextsTM. Retrieved from
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Classical_Mechanics/Book
%3A_Classical_Mechanics_(Tatum)/6%3A_Motion_in_a_Resisting_Medium/
6.2%3A_Uniformly_Accelerated_Motion