Community Health Nursing II

INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE BS NURSING / THIRD YEAR

Session # 3

Materials:
LESSON TITLE: CULTURE, HEALTH AND PUBLIC
HEALTH NURSE Book, pen and notebook
LEARNING OUTCOMES: LCD and laptop
At the end of the lesson, the nursing student can:
References:
1. Describe the Filipino culture. Cuevas, F. P., (2007). Public Health Nursing
2. Identify different Filipino culture. inthe Philippines (10th edition). Manila,
3. Describe the influence of culture to health. Philippines.
4. Describe the good qualities of a public health nurse.

LESSON REVIEW/ PREVIEW (5 minutes)

The instructor will advise the students to answer the following:

1. Cite one role of the community to health and explain.

Possible answer:
o Partners in health
Community works hand in hand with the community health workers. Community decides
for own self.
o Consumers of health services
Community avail the health services offered. These health services will enhance their
health.
o Influences others’ health choices
People in the community influence one another. Lifestyle and even accessing health
service is affected by each other’s’ opinions

2. Enumerate responsibilities of the community to the health care delivery system.

Possible answer:
o avail the health services provided
o give feedback of the services
o report any health-related concern
o be responsible in the equitable use of services
o efficiently use health services

o
MAIN LESSON (30 minutes)
The instructor should discuss the following topics. Instruct students to read notes in their SAS regarding
the concepts for today’s lesson:

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

• A shared pattern of communication

• Similarities in dietary preferences and food preparation
• Common patterns of clothing
• Predictable socialization patterns
• A shared sense of beliefs

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

Education (Department of Nursing) 1 of 6
 o The term culture refers to the learned and
shared beliefs, values, and life ways of a
group that are generally transmitted from one
generation to the next and influence people’s
thoughts and actions.
o An integral part of daily living, culture has
many hidden and built-in directives and rules
of behavior, beliefs, rituals, and moral–ethical
decisions that give meaning and purpose to
life (Leininger & McFarland, 2006).
o Community/public health nurses’ knowledge
of culture and skill in conducting
comprehensive cultural assessments guide
them in providing culturally competent care to
people from diverse cultures.
o It should be noted that there are nonethnic
cultures such as those based on occupation
or profession (e.g., culture of nursing,
medicine, or the military); socioeconomic
background (e.g., culture of poverty or culture
of affluence); sexual orientation (gay, lesbian,
or transgendered cultures); age (e.g.,
adolescent culture or culture of older adults);
and ability/disability (e.g., culture of the
deaf/hearing impaired or culture of the
blind/visually impaired).

CULTURE AND HEALTH

a. General influences ● Culture affects the way of life.

b. Specific influences
Culture affects the manner in which people determine who is healthy or sick; what
causes health or illness; what healer(s) and intervention(s) are used to prevent
and treat diseases and illnesses; how long a person has an illness; what is
appropriate role behaviour in sickness; and when a person is believed to have
recovered from an illness.
▪ Culture also influences the way people receive health care information,
exercise their rights and protections, and express their symptoms and health-
related concerns.

FILIPINO CULTURE AND VALUES

Positive

Family oriented ● close family ties; married children stays with their parents
Joy and humour ● smiles and laughs even having difficulty
Faith and religiosity ● highly spiritual; celebrates patrons
Hard work and industriousness ● works even not told
Hospitality ● warmly receives surprise visitors
Pagkamalikhain ● creativity
Malasakit ● values for the common good
o Smooth interpersonal relationships are core values of Filipinos –
personalism
▪ Sensitive to the needs of others; high regard to others;
understanding and considerate to others

Negative

Ningas kugon ● Is a tendency among individuals to start a new venture or task with too much
enthusiasm and effort, but after some time will take a pause or will suddenly
stop working, until such time that they lose interest in the venture or task.
Filipino time ● Tardiness
mañana habit ● Procrastination; one of the most negative traits of some people. It means
mamaya na in Filipino or to do a certain thing in a later time.
Bahala na ● Mean "whatever happens, happens," "things will turn out fine," or as "I'll take
care of things."

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

Education (Department of Nursing) 2 of 6
 Impact to health
o Filipinos love celebrations and eating: obesity, cardiovascular problems
o Filipinos may take health symptoms lightly: late diagnosis – poor prognosis
o Filipinos are hardworking: self-neglect

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

The World Health Organization (WHO) Expert o Environmental pollutants due to

Committee of Nursing defined public health nursing as a industrial or manufacturing companies
“special field of nursing that combines the skills of can be challenging, causing more health
nursing, public health and some phases of social problems (for urban areas)
assistance and functions as part of the total public health c. qualities of a good public health nurse
programme for the promotion of health and improvement o Professionally qualified and license to
of the conditions in the social and physical environment, practice in the arena of public health
rehabilitation of illness and disability.” o Personal qualities and people skills that
a. advantages of public health nursing would allow her practice to make a
o An opportunity of the nurse to improve difference in the lives of people
the lives of the oppressed community o Physically, mentally and
o An opportunity to make a social change emotionally strong
b. disadvantages of public health nursing o Good leader
o Health resources can be scarce o Willing to work
o Geographical location can be o Resourceful, creative, honest
challenging, thus, transportation will be and with integrity
difficult (for remote areas) o Resilient

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (20 minutes)

The instructor will ask the students to answer and rationalize the ten (10) questions below. This will be
recorded as their quiz. One (1) point will be given to correct answer and another one (1) point for the
correct rationale. Superimpositions or erasures in their answer/ratio are not allowed. The instructor must
emphasize the time allotment for this activity.
(For 1-10 items, please refer to the questions in the Guided / Rationalization Activity)

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will then rationalize the answers to the students. Encourage them to ask questions and to
discuss among themselves.

Multiple Choice:

1. Which among the following describes culture? (select all that apply)
A. Culture is shared beliefs, values and life ways.
B. It predicts social patterns among group of people.
C. It can be shared life experiences.
D. Culture directs behavior and moral-ethical decisions.
Answer: A, B and D
Rationale: Community may share the same culture. Hence, people living together may have
similarities in their ways of life. Although people in one community may have also differences and
this is influence by life’s experiences. These life experiences together with the pattern of beliefs
direct the behavior and moral-ethical decisions. In turn, these actions reflect the culture of a
community.

2. Obesity among Filipinos is common and highly attributed to: (select all that apply)
A. Hospitality
B. Faith and religiosity
C. Hardwork and industriousness
D. Malasakit
Answer: A and B

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

Education (Department of Nursing) 3 of 6
 Rationale: Filipinos love eating foods with friends and relatives. When visiting families, foods are
being served most of the time. Filipinos love to celebrate their patrons (fiestas), and culminating
activities includes plenty of foods to eat. Option C is reflected by Filipinos dedication to work.
Option D is depicted by Filipinos’ caring attitude to others.

3. Filipinos tend delay to see a doctor if they are not feeling well. This kind of attitude is
highly influence by what culture: (select all that apply)
A. Bahala na
B. Faith and religiosity
C. Ningas kugon
D. Malasakit
Answer: A and B
Rationale: Filipinos’ belief from a Supreme being that God is in control. Option C is an attitude
that is reflected by having inability to maintain industry or the like. Option D, is the caring attitude
of Filipinos

4. Filipino Nurses are known for their resilience. Resiliency is shown by:
A. Their caring attitude to the client
B. Hardworking even underpaid
C. Staying with client
D. Doing what is right even no one sees you
Answer: B
Rationale: Filipino nurses during difficult times continue to work even they are not receiving the
right treatment.

5. One of the challenges among PHNs is the geographical location of the community they
serve. Nonetheless, they work willingly with the people. This attitude is highly related to
what Filipino culture?
A. Malasakit
B. Family oriented
C. Joy and humour
D. Hard work and industriousness
Answer: A and D
Rationale: Filipino nurses genuinely cares and values work as they value other people.

6. Filipinos express their minds through arts:

A. Pagkamalikhain
B. Malasakit
C. Joy and humour
D. Hospitality
Answer: A
Rationale: Option A reflects the creativity of Filipinos. Option B pertains to caring attitude. Option
C is reflected by Filipinos’ attitude towards problem. Option D is the caring attitude of Filipinos to
visitors.

7. Most of the Filipino families are extended type. This best explains by what culture:
A. Family oriented
B. Joy and humour
C. Malasakit
D. Hospitality
Answer: A
Rationale: Filipinos are closely knit. Thus, this explains even children they have their own family,
they prefer to have their parents with them and vice versa. Option B is reflected by smiling and
laughing even in a difficult situation. Option C is the caring attitude of Filipinos to visitors. Option
D refers to the Filipinos’ way of warm welcome to visitors and even surprise visitors.

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

Education (Department of Nursing) 4 of 6
 8. Shiela slipped on the stage. However, she exclaimed loudly “Kaya ninyo ‘yon?” (Can you
do it?) The audience clapped their hands for her gesture. This kind of culture is reflected
by:
A. Creativity
B. Hard work
C. Joy and humour
D. Faith
Answer: C
Rationale: Joy and humour is best express not only by smiling and laughing but ability to turn
negative into positive just like what Shiela did. Option A is best expressed through Filipinos’ ability
to make arts and useful materials out from garbage and indigenous materials. Option B can be
shown by doing one’s best and trying hard to achieve one’s goals. Option D is hoping for
something that is not yet seen but believing that it exists.

9. Filipinos are known for their piyestas (feasts). Each place in the Philippines celebrates
their town feasts in relation to their patrons. Moreover, even strangers visiting their places
are being fed and warmly accepted. This culture is known as:
A. Family oriented
B. Religiosity
C. Hospitality
D. Malasakit
Answer: C
Rationale: Option C refers to the Filipinos’ attitude in welcoming visitors and even surprise
visitors. Option A is the culture of being closely-knit to family members. Option B is the spiritual
belief of Filipinos. It can be practices or beliefs. Option D is the caring attitude of Filipinos to
visitors.

10. Which among the following poses great danger to the PHN?
A. Location is geographical far from the main health center
B. Areas are infested with insects
C. Place is visited by leftists
D. Area is being claimed by several rebels
Answer: D
Rationale: When an area is being claimed, it is more likely that there are threats of danger.
Option A, geographically far from the main center will pose a challenge but not as dangerous to
areas where there are conflicts. Option B, presence of insects may impose danger to health but
not immediate danger. Option C poses also danger. However, not as dangerous to areas where
there are conflicts of territory.

LESSON WRAP-UP (5 minutes)

Teacher directs the student to mark (encircle) their place in the work tracker which is simply a visual to
help students track how much work they have accomplished and how much work there is left to do. This
tracker will be part of the student activity sheet.

Minute paper

The instructor will advise the students to complete the statement posted on the board.

If I will work as a public health nurse (PHN), I should be

______________________________.
If I will work as a public health nurse (PHN), I know that
______________________________.

Assignment: Management in the local Public Health System

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

Education (Department of Nursing) 5 of 6
Interview a nurse working in a Public Health Institution. The interview can be done through a social media
or any that it is convenient to the interviewer and interviewee.

The interview should answer the following:

Describe the Public Health Organization (PHO): Organizational chart

● Who are included in the PHO organizational chart?
● Who is the head of the PHNs?

What are the roles of nurses in public health in terms of the following?
● Planning
● Organizing
● Leading /directing
● Controlling
● Evaluation of personnel

Directions: The interview transcripts must be computerized and properly documented. Interview
transcripts: 8.5x11, single space, Times New Roman Font Size 12

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

Education (Department of Nursing) 6 of 6