Althea Marie J.

Sarreal
12SSCI02

"The relationship between family function and personality traits with general self-efficacy"

By Ali Zakiei, Hosna Vafapoor, Mostafa Alikhani, Vahid Farnia & Farnaz Radmehr

Summary

The study investigated the connection between family functions, personality traits, and general self-
efficacy in university students and the overall population. The rationale and objective of the paper focus
on the general self-efficacy is a crucial variable in clinical, educational, social, growth, health, and
personality psychology that can influence people's lives. Some studies have found that overall self-
efficacy is a significant predictor of academic achievements at various educational levels. Given the
relevance of self-efficacy in everyday life and to compare data across two age groups, the researchers
chose two particular samples that allowed them to examine and analyze the association between family
function and personality traits with overall self-efficacy.

The first portion of this two-part study was conducted on a sample of 500 students, and the second portion
was performed on a larger sample of 1000 individuals from the general public. In the first section, all
students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2015 ranged from 18 to 27 years old were
involved in the statistical population. In comparison, the statistical population in the second portion of the
study included all people aged 20 to 60 who had lived in Kermanshah City (Iran) for at least five years
prior to the study and did not meet the criteria for admission to the student group. Fisher's z test, Pearson's
correlation coefficient, and regression analysis were all used for the analysis. Cochran's sample size
formula was used in the first study. Two-stage cluster sampling was acknowledged for the second study.
The city was initially split into six regions, with the criterion being the municipal areas. Each region was
separated into clusters, and samples were drawn randomly from each cluster. The study's findings
demonstrated that all subscales of family functions and all personality characteristics are strongly
connected to general self-efficacy among university students and the general public (p < 0.001). However,
there was no significant relationship between openness to experience and overall self-efficacy in the
general population (p > 0.05). Considering that the age range of the variables selected in the second
sample, which came from the general population, differed from that in the sample of university students,
it was concluded that age should therefore be controlled in the association between family function,
personality characteristics, and general self-efficacy. The NEO Five-Factor personality assessment was
used in the study. This scale is intended to assess the five major personality traits: conscientiousness,
neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and extraversion. This questionnaire has 60 items and
solely assesses the five most important personality traits. According to the study's findings, family
functions and personality traits cooperatively predicted 47% of general self-efficacy in the under-30 age
group, whereas this rate was 29% and 53% in the 30–50 age range and over-50 age group. This study
believes that personality is generally in line with individual differences in physical appearance, conduct,
and experience across time. Past research reviews indicate that general self-efficacy and personality
factors are closely connected. The five major personality traits relevant to this study are neuroticism,
extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to new experiences. Neuroticism is a
personality trait that drives people to be vulnerable to emotional instability and self-consciousness.
According to the findings, people with neuroticism exhibit incompatibility when confronted with difficult
situations, and as a result, they are unable of regulating and controlling events and have low self-esteem.
Therefore, their overall self-efficacy is likewise poor. The most significant influence of personality
characteristics and family function on self-efficacy was seen in those under 30 and over the age of 50. As
a result, the study's findings demonstrated a connection between family functions and overall self-efficacy
in both studies. This suggests that the better the family functions, the greater the general self-efficacy of
its members.
 Article Review

The research article entitled "The relationship between family function and personality traits with general
self-efficacy" discusses the importance of general self-efficacy as well as how the different personality
traits, including conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and extraversion,
are affected by family functions. Researchers have been examining the effect of self-efficacy and its
relevance as a predictor of academic achievement at different levels of education, and even its influence
on an individual's health or well-being.

The research article is appropriately categorized, making it very easy to utilize. Each paragraph is concise
and informative, and the researchers discussed the issue adequately, with accurate information to back up
their claims.

The utilization of many tests and instruments helped understand the problem, and it gives factual data that
is completely useful and relevant to their study. The participants were reassured of the privacy of the
information included in the surveys, and the researchers offered detailed instructions on how to complete
the questions. Participants were encouraged to seek more clarification if they encountered any difficulties
completing the questionnaires.

The article's objective was evident, and the researchers also tackled the study's limitations and strengths
and explained them thoroughly. The study was also filed with the Research Center of Kermanshah
University of Medical Sciences and was approved with the help of the local ethics committee.

Adding a section for abbreviation meanings helped and is very useful to make sure the audiences know
what the abbreviations refer to; to avoid any possible confusion.

The researchers divided the study into two sections to perform it. The first portion was conducted on a
sample of 500 students, and the random stratified sampling method was utilized for data gathering. In the
second part of the research study, the process was repeated on a larger sample of 1000 people. However,
the two-stage cluster sampling was used instead due to the lack of a statistical population.

Summary table

Title of Article: Name of Researchers: Major Objective of the Delineated Factors:

Paper: (Variables)
"The relationship
Ali Zakiei, Hosna
between family function
Vafapoor, Mostafa This study aims to Independent Variable:
and personality traits
Alikhani, Vahid Farnia examine the relationship The family function and
with general self- different personality
& Farnaz Radmehr between family
efficacy." traits.
functions and
personality traits as well
Published August 27, Dependent Variable:
as general self-efficacy
2020 The general self-
in university students
efficacy of an
and the general public.
individual.
 Focus of the Study: Methods of the study: Findings of the paper:

The study focuses on Family Assessment The article states that in both analyses that the
the student's and the Device (FAD), Revised researchers carried out, the findings showed that
general population's NEO Personality there was indeed a relation between family
self-efficacy regarding Inventory (NEO PI-R), functions and the overall self-efficacy of the
constant factors that General Self-Efficacy members. It implies that if the family's functioning
may affect it, such as Scale (GSE), Pearson's is excellent and healthy, it can boost the self-
personality traits and correlation coefficient, efficacy of its members.
family functions. Fisher's z test, and
regression analysis.

Grammarly result:
Reference:

Zakiei, A., Vafapoor, H., Alikhani, M., Farnia, V., & Radmehr, F. (2020, August 27). The relationship
between family function and personality traits with general self-efficacy (parallel samples studies) - BMC
Psychology. BMC Psychology. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from
https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-020-00462-w