3 year GCSE Scheme of Work

At the end of Year 8/start of Year 9, you need to decide whether your students will follow the Foundation or Higher route in
Years 9, 10 and 11. There are two options: you can use the results of the End of Year test from Year 8 or you can use the pre-GCSE
Baseline test (Foundation or Higher).
Tests for the 3 year SoW for GCSE can be found on Pearson's ActiveLearn Digital Service, which combines front-of-class teaching
resources with online homework and practice, as well as planning and assessment materials.

HIGHER ROUTE

YEAR 9 YEAR 10 YEAR 11

GCSE (9-1) Higher GCSE (9-1) Higher GCSE (9-1) Higher
Unit 1 Number Unit 9 Equations and inequalities Unit 18 Vectors and geometric proof
Unit 2 Algebra Unit 10 Probability Unit 19 Proportion and graphs
Unit 3 Interpreting and representing data Unit 11 Multiplicative reasoning
Unit 4 Fractions, ratio and proportion Unit 12 Similarly and congruence
Unit 5 Angles and trigonometry Unit 13 More trigonometry
Unit 6 Graphs Unit 14 Further statistics
Unit 7 Area and volume Unit 15 Equations and graphs
Unit 8 Transformation and constructions Unit 16 Circle theorems
Unit 17 More algebra
YEAR 9 Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Mathematics
TERM UNIT / LESSON HOURS

Key: Italic specification references are assumed prior knowledge and are covered in the prior knowledge check rather than the main
AUTUMN 1 Number 13

AUTUMN 2 Algebra 13

END OF TERM 1 TEST

AUTUMN/SPRING 3 Interpreting and representing data 12

SPRING 4 Fractions, ratio and percentages 11

SPRING 5 Angles and trigonometry 13

END OF TERM 2 TEST

SUMMER 6 Graphs 14

SUMMER 7 Area and volume 13

SUMMER 8 Transformations and constructions 13

END OF TERM 3 TEST

END OF YEAR 1 TEST
Mathematics Higher Student Book
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE GCSE (9-1) SPEC STEPS STEPS
REFERENCE FROM … TO …
ledge and are covered in the prior knowledge check rather than the main teaching.
N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 6th 12th
N8 N9 N14 N15
N1 N3 N8 N9 A1 A2 6th 10th
A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A17
A21 A22 A23 A24 A25

G14 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 4th 8th

N2 N3 N8 N10 N11 6th 10th

N12 N13 R3 R4 R5 R6
R7 R8 R9 R10
N7 N8 N15 G1 G3 G4 6th 9th
G6 G20 G21

N13 A8 A9 A10 A11 6th 10th

A12 A14 A15 A16 A17
G11 R8 R10 R11
N8 N13 N14 N15 N16 6th 12th
R1 G1 G9 G12 G14
G16 G17 G18
R2 R6 G1 G2 G7 G8 6th 10th
G12 G13 G15 G24 G25
OBJECTIVES PROGRESSION
MAP REFERENCE
YEAR 10 Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Mathematics
TERM UNIT / LESSON
Key: Italic specification references are assumed prior knowledge and are covered in the prior knowledge check rather than the main teaching.
AUTUMN 9 Equations and inequalities
9.1 Solving quadratic equations 1
9.2 Solving quadratic equations 2
9.3 Completing the square
9.4 Solving simple simultaneous
equations
9.5 More simultaneous equations
9.6 Solving linear and quadratic
simultaneous equations
9.7 Solving linear inequalities
AUTUMN 10 Probability
10.1 Combined events
10.2 Mutually exclusive events
10.3 Experimental probability
10.4 Independent events and tree
diagrams
10.5 Conditional probability
10.6 Venn diagrams and set notation
AUTUMN 11 Multiplicative reasoning
11.1 Growth and decay
11.2 Compound measures
11.3 More compound measures
11.4 Ratio and proportion
END OF TERM 4 TEST
SPRING 12 Similarity and congruence
12.1 Congruence
12.2 Geometric proof and congruence
12.3 Similarity
12.4 More similarity
12.5 Similarity in 3D solids
SPRING 13 More trigonometry
13.1 Accuracy
13.2 Graph of the sine function
13.3 Graph of the cosine function
13.4 The tangent function
13.5 Calculating areas and the sine rule
13.6 The cosine rule and 2D
trigonometric problems
13.7 Solving problems in 3D
13.8 Transforming trigonometric
graphs 1
13.9 Transforming trigonometric
graphs 2
SPRING 14 Further statistics
14.1 Sampling
14.2 Cumulative frequency
14.3 Box plots
14.4 Drawing histograms
14.5 Interpreting histograms
14.6 Comparing and describing
populations
END OF TERM 5 TEST
SUMMER 15 Equations and graphs
15.1 Solving simultaneous equations
graphically
15.2 Representing inequalities
graphically
15.3 Graphs of quadratic functions
15.4 Solving quadratic equations
graphically
15.5 Graphs of cubic functions
SUMMER 16 Circle theorems
SUMMER 17 More algebra
17.1 Rearranging formulae
17.2 Algebraic fractions
17.3 Simplifying algebraic fractions
17.4 More algebraic fractions
17.5 Surds
17.6 Solving algebraic fraction equations
17.7 Functions
17.8 Proof
END OF TERM 6 TEST
END OF YEAR 2 TEST
Higher Student Book
HOURS PRIOR KNOWLEDGE GCSE (9-1) SPEC STEPS STEPS OBJECTIVES PROGRESSION
REFERENCE FROM … TO … MAP REFERENCE
12 N1 N8 A3 A4 A5 A9 6th 12th
A11 A18 A19 A21 A22
Understand the ≥ and ≤ symbols.
Substitute into, solve and rearrange linear equations.
Factorise simple quadratic expressions.
Recognise the equation of a circle.
Know that a square has two possible roots A3 A4 A11 A18 7th 9th Find the roots of quadratic functions.
Find the factors of a given number. Rearrange and solve simple quadratic equations.
Factorise expressions.
Solve simple equations containing a squared term.
Understand the term quadratic N8 A3 A4 A18 8th 10th Solve more complex quadratic equations.
Find positive and negative square roots. Use the quadratic formula to solve a quadratic equation.
Solve quadratic equations by factorising.
Expand two pairs of brackets.
Simplify surds.
Expand and simplify a square bracket. A3 A4 A5 A18 7th 12th Complete the square for a quadratic expression.
Simplify surds. Solve quadratic equations by completing the square.
Solve simple equations, giving the answer in surd
form.
Substitute into simple algebraic expressions. A3 A4 A5 A19 A21 8th 10th Solve simple simultaneous equations.
Rearrange equations. Solve simultaneous equations for real-life situations.
Recall the equation of a straight line. A3 A4 A5 A9 A19 A21 9th 9th Use simultaneous equations to find the equation of a straight line.
Solve simple simultaneous equations. Solve linear simultaneous equations where both equations are
multiplied.
Interpret real-life situations involving two unknowns and solve them.
Identify different types of equations. A3 A4 A5 A19 A21 10th 12th Solve simultaneous equations with one quadratic equation.
Solve quadraric equations. Use real-life situations to construct quadratic and linear equations
and solve them.
Understand inequality signs A3 A4 A5 A22 6th 9th Solve inequalities and show the solution on a number line and using
set notation.
Construct correct inequalities from given information
12 N1 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 5th 12th
P7 P8 P9
Understand that a probability is a number between 0
and 1, and distinguish between events which are
impossible, unlikely, even chance, likely, and certain
to occur.
Mark events and/or probabilities on a probability
scale of 0 to 1.
Know how to add and multiply fractions and decimals.
Express one number as a fraction of another.
List all outcomes for a single event systematically.
Make predictions from experimental data.
Complete a two-way table.
List all outcomes for a single event systematically. N5 P7 P8 5th 8th Use the product rule for finding the number of outcomes for two or
more events.
List all outcomes for two events systemaically. List all the possible outcomes of two events in a sample space
diagram.
Add decimals. Subtract decimals and fractions from 1. P4 P8 6th 7th Identify mutually exclusive outcomes and events.
Understand the relationship between ratios and Find the probabilities of mutually exclusive outcomes and events.
fractions.
Find the probability of an event not happening.
Simplify fractions. P1 P2 P3 P5 6th 8th Work out the expected results for experimental and theoretical
probabilities.
Multilply whole numbers by decimals. Compare real results with theoretical expected values to see if a
game is fair.
Add and multiply fractions and decimals. P1 P4 P8 P9 7th 10th Draw and use frequency trees.
Calculate probabilities of repeated events.
Draw and use probability tree diagrams.
Know that the probability of something not P4 P8 P9 8th 12th Decide if two events are independent.
happening is 1 minus the probability of the event
happening.
Draw and use probability tree diagrams. Draw and use tree diagrams to calculate conditional probability.
Draw and use tree diagrams without replacement.
Use two-way tables to calculate conditional probability.
Interpret inequalities. P4 P6 P8 P9 6th 10th Use Venn diagrams to calculate conditional probability.
Use Venn diagrams. Use set notation.
10 N12 N13 A2 A9 R1 R6 6th 9th
R9 R10 R11 R13 R14
R16
Find a percentage of an amount and relate
percentages to decimals.
Rearrange equations and use these to solve
problems.
Know speed = distance/time, density = mass/volume.
Convert between metric units.
Solve simple direct and indirect proportion
problems, including currency conversion.
Understand the use of indices. N12 R9 R16 8th 9th Find an amount after repeated percentage changes.
Work out the decimal multiplier for a percentage Solve growth and decay problems.
increase/decrease.
Calculate simple rates. A2 R1 R11 6th 7th Calculate rates.
Substitute numbers into equations, and solve for the Convert between metric speed measures.
unknown.
Use speed = distance/time to solve problems. Use a formula to calculate speed and acceleration.
Convert between metric units. N13 R1 R11 6th 8th Solve problems involving compound measures.
Recall the formulae for the area of a circle and
volume of a prism.
Rearrange formulae. A9 R6 R10 R13 R14 6th 9th Use relationships involving ratio.
Recognise graphs of y = x and y = 1/x. Use direct and indirect proportion.
Find the gradient of a line given its equation.
Decide whether quantities are in direct proportion.
10 R6 R12 G5 G6 G7 G17 6th 12th
G19
Recognise and enlarge shapes and calculate scale
factors.
Know how to calculate area and volume in various
metric measures.
Measure lines and angles, and use compasses, ruler
and protractor to construct standard constructions.
Recognise congruent shapes.
Know basic angle facts.
Know the angle sum of interior angles of a triangle. G5 G6 6th 10th Show that two triangles are congruent.
Recognise congruent shapes. Know the conditions of congruence.
Recall basic angle facts.
Find missing lengths using Pythagoras' theorem.
Know the conditions of congruence and use correct G5 G6 12th 12th Prove shapes are congruent.
mathematical notation for equal angles and sides.
Recall the properties of special triangles and Solve problems involving congruence.
quadrilaterals.
Use geometric properties to find similarities and R6 R12 G6 G7 5th 9th Use the ratio of corresponding sides to work out scale factors.
differences between given polygons.
Calculate scale factors. Find missing lengths on similar shapes.
Find area scale factor, given length scale factor. G6 G7 G19 9th 11th Use similar triangles to work out lengths in real life.
Use the link between linear scale factor and area scale factor to solve
problems.
Work out the volume and surface area of a cube. G6 G17 G19 9th 12th Use the link between scale factors for length, area and volume to
solve problems.
Convert between metric units.
Work out cubes and cube roots.
14 N16 A8 A12 A13 G20 9th 12th
G22 G23
Use axes and coordinates to specify points in all four
quadrants.
Recall and apply Pythagoras’ Theorem and
trigonometric ratios.
Substitute into formulae.
Find upper and lower bounds of a given N16 10th 11th Understand and use upper and lower bounds in calculations
measurement. involving trigonometry.
Know the exact values of sin θ for θ = 30°, 45° , 60° A8 A12 G21 10th 12th Understand how to find the sine of any angle.
and 90°
Use Pythagoras' theorem. Know the graph of the sine function and use it to solve equations.
Find angles using the sin function.
Know the exact values of cos θ for θ = 30°, 45° , 60° A8 A12 G21 10th 12th Understand how to find the cosine of any angle.
and 90°
Use Pythagoras' theorem. Know the graph of the cosine function and use it to solve equations.
Find angles using the cos function.
Know the exact values of tan θ for θ = 30°, 45° , 60° A8 A12 G21 10th 12th Understand how to fi nd the tangent of any angle.
Use Pythagoras' theorem. Know the graph of the tangent function and use it to solve equations.
Find angles using the tan function.
Calculate the area of a triangle using (1/2)b × h G22 G23 9th 12th Find the area of a triangle and a segment of a circle.
Know the formula for calculating the area of a circle. Use the sine rule to solve 2D problems.
Use trigonometry
Use bearings G22 G23 10th 12th Use the cosine rule to solve 2D problems.
Calculate the area of a triangle. Solve bearings problems using trigonometry.
Solve calculations.
Use the sine and cosine rule. G20 12th 12th Use Pythagoras’ theorem in 3D.
Use trigonometry in 3D.
Reflect and rotate a coordiante point. A8 A13 12th 12th Recognise how changes in a function affect trigonometric graphs.
Know the exact values of sin θ and cos θ for θ = 0°,
30°, 45° , 60° and 90°; know the exact value of tan θ
for θ = 0°, 30°, 45° and 60°
Sketch y = sinx, y = cosx and y= tanx for x from 0° to
360°
Translate coordinate points by column vectors. A8 A13 12th 12th Recognise how changes in a function affect trigonometric graphs.
Understand negative translations.
11 S1 S3 S4 6th 12th
Understand the different types of data:
discrete/continuous.
Have experience of inequality notation.
Multiply a fraction by a number.
Understand the data handling cycle.
Use fractions and percentages to work out data from S1 6th 10th Understand how to take a simple random sample.
a table.
Understand how to take a stratifi ed sample.
Find the median of a data set. S3 9th 9th Draw and interpret cumulative frequency tables and diagrams.
Work out the median, quartiles and interquartile range from a
cumulative frequency diagram.
Find the median and range from a stem-and-leaf S4 9th 9th Find the quartiles and the interquartile range from stem-and-leaf
diagram. diagrams.
Draw and interpret box plots.
Division calculations S3 10th 11th Understand frequency density.
Draw a frequency diagram. Draw histograms.
Write the modal class
Estimate the mean mass.
Write the modal class S3 11th 12th Interpret histograms.
Estimate the mean mass.
Work out the mean, median and mode of data sets. S4 9th 10th Compare two sets of data.
Work out the mean and range from a table.
11 N8 A4 A11 A12 A18 6th 12th
A19 A20 A21 A22
Solve quadratics and linear equations.
Solve simultaneous equations algebraically.
Know and draw graphs of circles. A19 A21 9th 10th Solve simultaneous equations graphically.
Know which integers satisfy an inequality A22 6th 12th Represent inequalities on graphs.
Solve inequalitites with one variable and show Interpret graphs of inequalities.
solution using set notation.
Solve quadratic equations by factorising. N8 A11 A12 8th 12th Recognise and draw quadratic functions.
Sketch simple quadratic graphs
Find coordinates of maximum point.
Understand manimum and minimum points. N8 A18 A20 9th 12th Find approximate solutions to quadratic equations graphically.
Find roots of an equation by completing the square Solve quadratic equations using an iterative process.
and using the quadratic formula.
Know where a graph will cross the x-axis A4 A12 A20 10th 12th Find the roots of cubic equations.
Expand and simplify double brackets Sketch graphs of cubic functions.
Find roots of a quadratic equation by completing the Solve cubic equations using an iterative process.
square
10 A16 G9 G10 7th 11th
13 N8 A4 A5 A6 A7 A18 8th 12th
Simplify surds.
Use negative numbers with all four operations.
Add and multiply numeric fractions.
Recall and use the hierarchy of operations.
Manipulate algebraic expressions.
Recall and use the quadratic formula.
Substitute into linear equations. A5 9th 11th Change the subject of a formula where the power of the subject
appears.
Change the subject of a formula. Change the subject of a formula where the subject appears twice.
Factorise linear expressions.
Simplify numeric fractions and fractions containing A4 A5 8th 10th Add and subtract algebraic fractions.
simple algebraic terms.
Add and multiply numeric fractions. Multiply and divide algebraic fractions.
Change the subject of a formula involving fractions where all the
variables are in the denominators.
Factorise expressions by identifying the common A4 9th 12th Simplify algebraic fractions.
factor between two terms.
Simplify fractions containing simple algebraic terms.
Factorise quadratic expressions of the form x2 + bx + c
Simplify algebraic fractions by cancelling common A4 9th 12th Add and subtract more complex algebraic fractions.
factors.
Add, subtract, divide and multiply fractions Multiply and divide more complex algebraic fractions.
containing simple algebraic terms.
Decide whether each number is rational or irrational. N8 A4 10th 12th Simplify expressions involving surds.
Expand expressions involving surds.
Rationalise the denominator of a fraction.
Find the lowest common multiple of two algebraic A18 10th 12th Solve equations that involve algebraic fractions.
fractions.
Solve quadratic equations by factorising.
Manipulate expressions containing simple algebraic
fractions.
Calculate the output from a function machine for A7 8th 12th Use function notation.
three different inputs.
Solve simple equations Find composite functions.
Write expressions using function machines Find inverse functions.
Identify an odd number and an even number written A6 8th 12th Prove a result using algebra.
algebraically.
Recall the definitions of equations and identities.
YEAR 11 Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Mathematics
TERM UNIT / LESSON HOURS PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

Key: Italic specification references are assumed prior knowledge and are covered in the prior knowledge check rather than the main tea
AUTUMN 18 Vectors and geometric proof 10

AUTUMN 19 Proportion and graphs 13

END OF TERM 7 TEST

 Higher Student Book
GCSE (9-1) SPEC STEPS STEPS OBJECTIVES
REFERENCE FROM … TO …

heck rather than the main teaching.

G25 9th 12th

A7 A12 A13 A14 A15 7th 12th

R7 R10 R13 R14 R15
R16
PROGRESSION
MAP REFERENCE
 REFERENCE
Higher tier students will be assessed on all content.
Foundation tier students will be assessed on content identified by the standard and underlined type.
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 STATEMENT FROM EDEXCEL SPECIFICATION FOR GCSE (9-1) MATHEMATICS
her tier students will be assessed on all content.
undation tier students will be assessed on content identified by the standard and underlined type.
order positive and negative integers, decimals and fractions; use the symbols =, ≠, <, > , ≤, ≥
apply the four operations, including formal written methods, to integers, decimals and simple fractions (proper and
improper), and mixed numbers – all both positive and negative; understand and use place value (e.g. when working with
very large or very small numbers, and when calculating with decimals)

recognise and use relationships between operations, including inverse operations (e.g. cancellation to simplify calculations
and expressions); use conventional notation for priority of operations, including brackets, powers, roots and reciprocals

use the concepts and vocabulary of prime numbers, factors (divisors), multiples, common factors, common multiples,
highest common factor, lowest common multiple, prime factorisation, including using product notation and the unique
factorisation theorem

apply systematic listing strategies, including use of the product rule for counting (i.e. if there are m ways of doing one
task and for each of these, there are n ways of doing another task, then the total number of ways the two tasks can be
done is m × n ways)

use positive integer powers and associated real roots (square, cube and higher), recognise powers of 2, 3, 4, 5 ; estimate
powers and roots of any given positive number
calculate with roots, and with integer and fractional indices
calculate exactly with fractions, surds and multiples of π; simplify surd expressions involving squares (e.g. √12 = √(4 × 3) =
√4 × √3 = 2√3) and rationalise denominators
calculate with and interpret standard form A × 10 n, where 1 ≤ A < 10 and n is an integer
work interchangeably with terminating decimals and their corresponding fractions (such as 3.5 and 7/2 or 0.375 or 3/8);
change recurring decimals into their corresponding fractions and vice versa
identify and work with fractions in ratio problems
interpret fractions and percentages as operators
use standard units of mass, length, time, money and other measures (including standard compound measures) using
decimal quantities where appropriate
estimate answers; check calculations using approximation and estimation, including answers obtained using technology

round numbers and measures to an appropriate degree of accuracy (e.g. to a specified number of decimal places or
significant figures); use inequality notation to specify simple error intervals due to truncation or rounding

apply and interpret limits of accuracy, including upper and lower bounds
use and interpret algebraic manipulation, including:
● ab in place of a × b
● 3y in place of y + y + y and 3 × y
● a2 in place of a × a, a3 in place of a × a × a, a2b in place of a × a × b
● a/b in place of a ÷ b
● coefficients written as fractions rather than as decimals
● brackets

substitute numerical values into formulae and expressions, including scientific formulae
understand and use the concepts and vocabulary of expressions, equations, formulae, identities, inequalities, terms and
factors
simplify and manipulate algebraic expressions (including those involving surds and algebraic fractions) by:
● collecting like terms
● multiplying a single term over a bracket
● taking out common factors
● expanding products of two or more binomials
● factorising quadratic expressions of the form x 2 + bx + c, including the difference of two squares; factorising quadratic
expressions of the form ax2 + bx + c
● simplifying expressions involving sums, products and powers, including
the laws of indices

understand and use standard mathematical formulae; rearrange formulae to change the subject
know the difference between an equation and an identity; argue mathematically to show algebraic expressions are
equivalent, and use algebra to support and construct arguments and proofs
where appropriate, interpret simple expressions as functions with inputs and outputs; ; interpret the reverse process as
the ‘inverse function’; interpret the succession of two functions as a ‘composite function’ (the use of formal function
notation is expected)

work with coordinates in all four quadrants

plot graphs of equations that correspond to straight-line graphs in the coordinate plane; use the form y = mx + c to identif
parallel and perpendicular lines; find the equation of the line through two given points or through one point with a given
gradient

identify and interpret gradients and intercepts of linear functions graphically and algebraically
identify and interpret roots, intercepts, turning points of quadratic functions graphically; deduce roots algebraically and
turning points by completing the square
recognise, sketch and interpret graphs of linear functions, quadratic functions, simple cubic functions, the reciprocal
function y = 1/x with x ≠ 0, exponential functions y = kx for positive values of k, and the trigonometric functions (with
arguments in degrees) y = sin x, y = cos x and y = tan x for angles of any size

sketch translations and reflections of a given function

plot and interpret graphs (including reciprocal graphs and exponential graphs) and graphs of non-standard functions in
real contexts to find approximate solutions to problems such as simple kinematic problems involving distance, speed and
acceleration

calculate or estimate gradients of graphs and areas under graphs (including quadratic and other non-linear graphs), and
interpret results in cases such as distance-time graphs, velocity-time graphs and graphs in financial contexts (this does
not include calculus)

recognise and use the equation of a circle with centre at the origin; find the equation of a tangent to a circle at a given
point
solve linear equations in one unknown algebraically (including those with the unknown on both sides of the equation); fin
approximate solutions using a graph

solve quadratic equations (including those that require rearrangement) algebraically by factorising, by completing the
square and by using the quadratic formula; find approximate solutions using a graph
solve two simultaneous equations in two variables (linear/linear or linear/quadratic) algebraically; find approximate
solutions using a graph
find approximate solutions to equations numerically using iteration
translate simple situations or procedures into algebraic expressions or formulae; derive an equation (or two simultaneous
equations), solve the equation(s) and interpret the solution

solve linear inequalities in one or two variable(s), and quadratic inequalities in one variable; represent the solution set on
a number line, using set notation and on a graph
generate terms of a sequence from either a term-to-term or a position-to-term rule
recognise and use sequences of triangular, square and cube numbers, simple arithmetic progressions, Fibonacci type
sequences, quadratic sequences, and simple geometric progressions (r n where n is an integer, and r is a rational number >
0 or a surd) and other sequences

deduce expressions to calculate the nth term of linear and quadratic sequences
change freely between related standard units (e.g. time, length, area, volume/capacity, mass) and compound units (e.g.
speed, rates of pay, prices, density, pressure) in numerical and algebraic contexts
use scale factors, scale diagrams and maps
express one quantity as a fraction of another, where the fraction is less than 1 or greater than 1
use ratio notation, including reduction to simplest form
divide a given quantity into two parts in a given part:part or part:whole ratio; express the division of a quantity into two
parts as a ratio; apply ratio to real contexts and problems (such as those involving conversion, comparison, scaling, mixing,
concentrations)

express a multiplicative relationship betweeb two quantities as a ratio or a fraction

understand and use proportion as equality of ratios
relate ratios to fractions and to linear functions
define percentage as `number of parts per hundred¿; interpret percentages and percentage changes as a fraction or a
decimal, and interpret these multiplicatively; express one quantity as a percentage of another; compare two quantities
using percentages; work with percentages greater than 100%; solve problems involving percentage change, including
percentage increase/decrease and original value problems, and simple interest including in financial mathematics

solve problems involving direct and inverse proportion, including graphical and algebraic representations
use compound units such as speed, rates of pay, unit pricing, density and pressure
compare lengths, areas and volumes using ratio notation; make links to similarity (including trigonometric ratios) and scale
factors
understand that X is inversely proportional to Y is equivalent to X is proportional to 1/Y; construct and interpret equations
that describe direct and inverse proportion
interpret the gradient of a straight line graph as a rate of change; recognise and interpret graphs that illustrate direct and
inverse proportion
interpret the gradient at a point on a curve as the instantaneous rate of change; apply the concepts of average and
instantaneous rate of change (gradients of chords and tangents) in numerical, algebraic and graphical contexts (this doe
not include calculus)

set up, solve and interpret the answers in growth and decay problems, including compound interest and work with
general iterative processes
use conventional terms and notation: points, lines, vertices, edges, planes, parallel lines, perpendicular lines, right angles,
polygons, regular polygons and polygons with reflection and/or rotation symmetries; use the standard conventions for
labelling and referring to the sides and angles of triangles; draw diagrams from written description

use the standard ruler and compass constructions (perpendicular bisector of a line segment, constructing a perpendicular
to a given line from/at a given point, bisecting a given angle); use these to construct given figures and solve loci problems;
know that the perpendicular distance from a point to a line is the shortest distance to the line

apply the properties of angles at a point, angles at a point on a straight line, vertically opposite angles; understand and use
alternate and corresponding angles on parallel lines; derive and use the sum of angles in a triangle (e.g. to deduce and use
the angle sum in any polygon, and to derive properties of regular polygons)

derive and apply the properties and definitions of special types of quadrilaterals, including square, rectangle,
parallelogram, trapezium, kite and rhombus; and triangles and other plane figures using appropriate language
use the basic congruence criteria for triangles (SSS, SAS, ASA, RHS)
apply angle facts, triangle congruence, similarity and properties of quadrilaterals to conjecture and derive results about
angles and sides, including Pythagoras' theorem and the fact that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal, and
use known results to obtain simple proofs

identify, describe and construct congruent and similar shapes, including on coordinate axes, by considering rotation,
reflection, translation and enlargement (including fractional and negative scale factors)
describe the changes and invariance achieved by combinations of rotations, reflections and translations
identify and apply circle definitions and properties, including: centre, radius, chord, diameter, circumference, tangent, arc,
sector and segment
apply and prove the standard circle theorems concerning angles, radii, tangents and chords, and use them to prove
related results
solve geometrical problems on coordinate axes
identify properties of the faces, surfaces, edges and vertices of: cubes, cuboids, prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones and
spheres
construct and interpret plans and elevations of 3D shapes
use standard units of measure and related concepts (length, area, volume/capacity, mass, time, money, etc.)

measure line segments and angles in geometric figures, including interpreting maps and scale drawings and use of
bearings
know and apply formulae to calculate: area of triangles, parallelograms, trapezia; volume of cuboids and other right prism
(including cylinders)
know the formulae: circumference of a circle = 2πr = πd, area of a circle = πr²; calculate: perimeters of 2D shapes, including
circles; areas of circles and composite shapes; surface area and volume of spheres, pyramids, cones and composite solids

calculate arc lengths, angles and areas of sectors of circles

apply the concepts of congruence and similarity, including the relationships between lengths, areas and volumes in simila
figures
know the formulae for: Pythagoras' theorem a² + b² = c², and the trigonometric ratios, sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse, cos θ
= adjacent/hypotenuse and tan θ = opposite/adjacent apply them to find angles and lengths in right-angled triangles and,
where possible, general triangles in two and three dimensional figures

know the exact values of sin θ and cos θ for θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°; know the exact value of tan θ for θ = 0°, 30°, 45°
and 60°
know and apply the sine rule a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C , and cosine rule a² = b² + c² – 2bc cos A, to find unknown lengths
and angles
know and apply Area = 1/2 ab sin C to calculate the area, sides or angles of any triangle
describe translations as 2D vectors
apply addition and subtraction of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a scalar, and diagrammatic and column
representations of vectors; use vectors to construct geometric arguments and proofs
record, describe and analyse the frequency of outcomes of probability experiments using tables and frequency trees

apply ideas of randomness, fairness and equally likely events to calculate expected outcomes of multiple future
experiments
relate relative expected frequencies to theoretical probability, using appropriate language and the 0-1 probability scale

apply the property that the probabilities of an exhaustive set of outcomes sum to one; apply the property that the
probabilities of an exhaustive set of mutually exclusive events sum to one
understand that empirical unbiased samples tend towards theoretical probability distributions, with increasing sample size

enumerate sets and combinations of sets systematically, using tables, grids, Venn diagrams and tree diagrams

construct theoretical possibility spaces for single and combined experiments with equally likely outcomes and use these to
calculate theoretical probabilities
calculate the probability of independent and ependent combined events, including using tree diagrams and other
representations, and know the underlying assumptions
calculate and interpret conditional probabilities through representation using expected frequencies with two-way
tables, tree diagrams and Venn diagrams
infer properties of populations or distributions from a sample, while knowing the limitations of sampling
interpret and construct tables, charts and diagrams, including frequency tables, bar charts, pie charts and pictograms for
categorical data, vertical line charts for ungrouped discrete numerical data, tables and line graphs for time series data and
know their appropriate use

construct and interpret diagrams for grouped discrete data and continuous data, i.e. histograms with equal and unequa
class intervals and cumulative frequency graphs, and know their appropriate use
interpret, analyse and compare the distributions of data sets from univariate empirical distributions through:
● appropriate graphical representation involving discrete, continuous and grouped data, including box plots
● appropriate measures of central tendency (median, mean, mode and modal class) and spread (range, including
consideration of outliers, quartiles and inter-quartile range)

apply statistics to describe a population

use and interpret scatter graphs of bivariate data; recognise correlation and know that it does not indicate causation; draw
estimated lines of best fit; make predictions; interpolate and extrapolate apparent trends while knowing the dangers of so
doing