Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Fi
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ormedAmi
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char
dWel
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syst
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whi
chwasi
ntr
oduced
by
RobertCl
iv
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ntr
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l
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Engl
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ansl
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ta
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Char
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eat
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n1802[5]
and
Second
Angl
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at haWar(
1803–05)[
6]
For
tWi
l
li
am Col
l
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rJohnMacpher
son Raj
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an
at
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abl
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n1803
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Gov
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-Gener
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from Censor
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pAct
,1799
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of
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ore(
1799)
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1800)and
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1801)
2ngAngl
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05
Char
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s JohnAdam
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fi
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om t
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low pr
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cmoneyf
ort
heencour
agementof
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ore
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eludet
othe
Fir
stWarof I
ndianeducat
ion
I
ndependenceofIndia)
BankofCalcutt
a (
1806)est
abli
shed(
lat
er
Imper
ial
Bank
ofIndi
a,now St
ateBankofIndi
a)
Wi
ll
iam Amher
st
Hewasact
ingGov
ernorGener
al
Bar
rackpor
emut
inyof1824
Fi
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meseWar( 1824–26)
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ndiaCompany
defeat
s BurmeseKingBagyidaw and
Gi
l
bertEl
li
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ray
- annexes Assam,
Manipur
,
Arakan and
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m)
Mi
nto Est
abl
i
shmentof
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itCol
l
egeatCal
cut
ta
(1824)
Treat
yofYandabo,1826(
EastI
ndi
aCompanyhumi
li
ates
Tr
eat
yofAmr
it
sar(
1809)
wi
th
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ngh andextr
act
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onPoundsfr
om the
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anci
sRawdon-
Hast
ings Wil
li
am But
ter
wor
th
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hepol
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erv
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ion Bayl
ey
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rdAnglo-
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haWar(
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andt
heabol
i
tion Hewasanact
ing Gov
ernor
-Gener
alofI
ndi
a dur
ing
of
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p t
heper
iodMarch–Jul
y1828.
Angl
o-Nepal
eseWar (1814–16)
endedwi
tht
hesi
gni
ng Bayleywasamemberoft
he
Bengal
Civ
ilSer
vice
of
Tr
eatyofSugaul
i
(1816)[
7]
(1799–1830)
Cr
eat
ionof
BombayPr
esi
dency
i
n1818
Di
rect
orandchair
manofthe
Bri
ti
shEastI
ndi
a
Establi
shmentof
Ry
otwariSy
stem i
n Madras Company
(1834–1858)
.
Presidency
i
n1820bythe
governor
Si
rThomasMunr
o.
Est
abl
i
shmentof
Mahalwari
Syst
em
i
nNor
ther
nIndi
a
by
Hol
tMackenzi
e (
1822)
HinduCol
l
ege
(now
Presi
dencyUni
ver
sit
y)at
Cal
cut
ta
i
n
1817
The Pi
ndariWar
(1817–1818)(
Compl
eteDest
ruct
ionof
the
Pindar
i
ClanofIndi
a)
Tr
eat
ywi
thPi
ndar
is
Tr
eat
ywi
thSi
ndhi
a
Bengal
TenancyActwaspassedi
n1822.
Gener
alCommi
tt
eeofPubl
i
cInst
ruct
ionwasf
ormedi
n
1823
Lor
dWi
l
li
am Bent
inck Geor
geEdenAuckl
and
Credi
tedf
orsigni
fi
cantsoci
alandeducat
ional Tri
par
tit
eTreat
yin1838between Br
it
ish,
Shah
ref
ormsinIndi
a. Shuj
a and
Maharaj
aRanj
itSi
ngh agai
nst
Dost
MuhammadKhan.
Abol
i
shi
ng
sat
i.(
1829)
The
FirstAngloAf
ghanWar (
1840–1842)
(Br
it
ish
Forbi
ddi
ngwoment owit
nesst
hecr
emat
ionson Army massacredbythestr
ongAfghanarmyandmil
iti
a
the
ghat
s ofVar
anasi
, duri
ngt he
1842Retr
eatfr
om Kabul
-worstBr
it
ishMi
l
itar
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di
saster)
Suppr
essi
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femal
einf
ant
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and
humansacr
if
ice
BankofBombay
(1840)est
abli
shed(
lat
er
Imper
ial
Bank
Suppr
essi
onoft
hugi
(1830) ofIndi
a,now
Stat
eBankofI ndi
a)
Char
terAct1833 Fi
rstBengali
dail
ynewspaper
SambadPr
abhakar
was
publ
ishedin1839
Tr
eat
yof‘
per
pet
ual
fri
endshi
p’wi
thRanj
i
tSi
ngh
Tatt
wabodhi
niSabha
wasf
ormedby
Debendr
anat
h
Aboli
ti
onoft
heci
rcui
tcour
tandpr
ovi
nci
alcour
tof Tagore
i
n1839
appeal
.
Deat
hofRanj
i
tSi
ngh
Char
lesMet
cal
fe
Repeal
ed1823Li
censi
ngRegul
ati
ons EdwardLaw
KnownasLi
ber
atorofI
ndi
aPr
ess
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lenbor
ough
Establ
ishmentof Cal
cut
taPubli
cLibr
aryin
1836 (
current
lyknownas Nat
ionalLi
brar
yofI
ndi
a) Gwal
i
orWar(
1843)
(
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ti
shdef
eatMar
athas)
BankofMadras
(1843)est
abli
shed(
lat
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I
ndia,
now
StateBankofIndia)
Conquestandannexat
ionof
Si
ndPr
ovi
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byBr
it
ish
(1843)
[
8]
I
ndi
anSl
aver
yAct
,1843
Wi
l
liam Wi
lber
for
ceBi
rd
t
heBri
ti
shArmyduri
ngt
her ebel
l
ion.El
ephant
swer
eused
t
odest
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halDwel
l
ings)
Hewastheact
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Gov
ernor
-Gener
alofBengal
from Rel
i
giousDi
sabi
l
iti
esAct
,1856
1785t
o1786 Annexat
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ont
hegr
oundsofal
l
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elyandHuman
Sacri
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cei
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al pr
ovince,
OdishaandMaharasht
ra
Henr
yHar
dinge Char
lesCanni
ng
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o-SikhWar (
1845–46)(Bri
ti
sh
Empire def
eat
st he
SikhEmpir
e andconfi
scat
emaj
or Hi
nduWidows'
Remarr
iageAct,1856
(Thel
awwas
port
ionofitst
errit
ory) dr
aft
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lofDalhousi
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TreatyofLahore I
ndi
anRebel
l
ionof1857
(1846)
(Bri
ti
sh conf
iscat
ed Kashmir
from t
he
Sikhs
and Univ
ersi
tyofCal
cut
ta,
Univer
sit
yofBombay,
solditt
o RajaofJammu for75lakhrupees) and
Univer
sit
yofMadras
weresetupi
n1857
Tr
eat
yofBhai
rowal
(1846) QueenVi
ctor
ia'
sProcl
amati
on(
on1Nov ember
,1858)
Est
abl
i
shmentof
Roor
keeEngi
neer
ingCol
l
ege
(1847) and
TheGovernmentofI
ndi
aAct
,1858[10]
Sy
stem ofBudget
wasi
ntr
oduced
For
mat
ionof
I
mper
ial
Civ
ilSer
vices
I
ndi
goRev
olti
nBengal
in1859–60
JamesBroun-
Ramsay Whi
temut
iny
byt
heEur
opeant
roopsi
n1859
Dal
housi
e Enact
mentof
I
ndi
anPenal
Code
i
n1860
I
ndi
anHi
ghCour
tsAct1861
Doct
ri
neofLapsei
n1848
I
ndi
anCounci
l
sAct
,1861
Char
terAct
,1853
I
ndi
anCi
vi
lSer
viceAct
,1861
BethuneColl
egi
ateSchool(1849)
(
wasalsoknown
as Cal
cutt
aFemaleSchool)wasestabl
i
shedby John Pol
i
ceAct
,1861[11]
Ell
i
otDrinkwat
erBethune
Est
abl
i
shmentof
Ar
chaeol
ogi
cal
Sur
veyofI
ndi
a i
n1861
Char
lesWoodDespat
ch(
1854)
I
ntroducedPort
fol
i
oSy
stem whi
chgav
efoundat
ionf
or
Est
abl
i
shmentofsummercapi
tal
at
Shi
mla CabinetSyst
em
SecondAngl o-
Bur
meseWar( 1852)
(
Thesoleai
m of
Dalhousiewastohumi
li
ateandannexmoreofBurmese
Terri
tor
ies.
Bur
mawasattackedunprov
oked)
Fi
rstPassengert
rai
nbet
weenBombayandThane(
1853)
Fir
stt
elegraphLinewasl
aidbet
weenDi
amondHar
bour
toCal
cutta.(1851)
PostOf
fi
ceAct
,1854
Est
abl
i
shedPubl
i
cWor
ksDepar
tment(
1854)
The SecondAngl
o-SikhWar
(1848–1849)(TheBri
ti
sh
tot
allydef
eat
edthe SikhEmpir
e andannexed
Punj
ab)
Sant
hal
Rebel
l
ion(
1855)
(
15,
000Sant
hal
swer
eki
l
ledby
JamesEl
gin
St
art
edFi
nanci
aldecent
ral
i
zat
ioni
n1870[13]
Enact
edIPCamendment
-Sedi
ti
onAct1870t
otackl
e
Establ
i
shmentof Cal
cutt
aHighCour
t
(2Jul
y),
Bombay WahabiMovement
HighCour
t
( )and
14August Madr
asHi
ghCour t
( )
15August
Heest
abli
shedtheDepart
mentofAgr
icul
tur
e&
i
n1862 Commercein1872[13]
Wahabi
mov
ementsuppr
essed Est
abl
i
shedSt
ati
sti
cal
Sur
veyofI
ndi
ain1872[13]
Rober
tNapi
er JohnSt
rachey
Act
ingf
orashor
twhi
l
easGov
ernor
-Gener
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nor
-Gener
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ter
thesuddendeat
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Fr
anci
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-Gener
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Hewast
heact
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Gov
ernor
-Gener
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ThomasBar
ing
JohnLawr
ence Nort
hbr
ook
BhutanWar(1864–65)
(
The
Brit
ish def
eatedan
undefended
Bhut
an
andannexed Assam and
Bengal
)
Ener
get
icref
ormer
,dedicat
edtoupgr
adi
ngt
he
qual
i
tyofgover
nmentinthe
Bri
ti
shRaj
.
Establ
i
shmentof
Shi
mla
asI
ndi
a'
ssummercapi
tal
in
1863 Her educedtaxesandovercamebureaucr
ati
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obstaclesi
nanef f
orttor
educebothstarv
ati
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TheTabernacl
eofNewDi spensat
ion,
anewChur
ch widespreadsocial
unrest
.
est
abl
ishedby KeshubChandraSen
Est
abl
i
shmentof
Al
l
ahabadHi
ghCour
t
in1866
Fami
neCommi
Campbel
l
ssi
duet
o
onwasconst
Ori
ssaf
ami
it
utedi
n1867underHenr
neof1866
y
Rober
tBul
werLy
tton
TenancyActwaspassedi
nPunj
abandOudhi
n1868 Roy
alTi
tl
esAct
,1876bywhi
ch
QueenVi
ctor
ia
assumed
thet
it
leof' Empr
essofI
ndia'
1stDelhiDurbar
(
outof3)in
1877Gr eatFami
neof1876–1878 andaFami ne
Commi ssionwasconst
it
utedunder Ri
chardStr
achey
i
n
1878
Ri
char
dBour
keMay
o Ver
nacul
arPr
essAct
,1878
Ar
msAct
,1878[14]
Assassi
nat
edbyaPat
han
SherAl
iAf
ri
di
i
n1872
Decreasedthemaximum ageofappear
ingi
n ci
vi
l
St
art
edt
he
Censusi
nIndi
a i
n1872
ser
vices f
rom 21t
o19
Openi
ngof
Rajkumarcol
legeinRaj
kot
and MayoCol
l
ege
SecondAngl
o-Af
ghanWar
,(1878–80)
atAj
mer
forpoli
ti
cal
trai
ningofI
ndi
anPr i
nces
Tr
eat
yofGandamak
signedi
n1879
KeshubChandraSen
est
abl
i
shes
Indi
anRef
orm
Associ
ati
on
(1870)
Geor
geRobi
nsonRi
pon Henr
yLansdowne
Fi
rstFact
oryAct(
1881) AgeofConsentAct,
1891
waspassedt
oprohi
bitt
he
marr
iagesofgi
rlchi
l
dundert
heageof12
Negot
iabl
eInst
rument
sAct
,1881
I
ndi
anCounci
lAct1892
Repeal
oft
he
Ver
nacul
arPr
essAct
i
n1882
SecondFact
oryAct1891
I
lber
tBi
l
l
(1883)
Sett
ngupof
Dur
andCommi
ssi
on
i
n1893(
Indi
a-
Est
abl
i
shmentof
Panj
abUni
ver
sit
y i
n1882 Afghani
stan)
Gov
ernmentr
esol
uti
onon
l
ocal
sel
f-
gov
ernment
(
1882)
[
15]
Appoi
ntmentofEducationCommi
ssi
onunderSi
r
Wil
l
iam
Wil
sonHunter
i
n1882[16]
Fi
rstcompl
ete
Censusi
nIndi
a i
n1881
Vi
ctorEl
gin
Hepassed
Fami
necodes
i
n1883
I
ndi
anf
ami
neof1896–1897
Incr
easedthemax
imum ageofappear
ingi
n ci
vi
l
servi
ces
fr
om 18t
o21 Spr
eadof
Buboni
cpl
aguei
nBombay
(1896)
Establ
i
shmentof
Ramakr
ishnaMissi
on
by
Swami
Viv
ekananda
at
Bel
urMat
h in1897
Assassinat
ionoftwoBri
ti
shoffi
cial
s(Wal
terChar
les
Rand andAy er
st)byt
he
Chapekarbrot
her
s i
n1897
Fr
eder
ickDuf
fer
in
For
mat
ionofI
ndi
anNat
ional
Congr
ess
(1885)
Bengal
TenancyAct(
1885)
Thi
rdAngl
o-Bur
meseWar
(
1885)
I
n1886,
Burma
wasmadeaprov
inceofI
ndi
a,
wi
th
Rangoon
asit
scapi
tal
[
Gi
lber
tMi
nto
Morl
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ntor
efor
ms
1909,
ort
he
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anCounci
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n1907(
inSur
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ti
ousmeeti
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prohi
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ocur
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Establ
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by
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and
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n1906
Foundat
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ar
rev
olut
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ygr
oupi
nBengal
Geor
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ndi
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,1910
Jamset
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a est
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n1907
I
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anf
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oundat
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n1899
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sAct1908
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ute
at
Pusa
i
n Bi
har
was Char
lesHar
dinge
Thi
rd
Del
hiDur
bar
(
1911)
Par
ti
ti
onofBengal
(1905)
Annul
mentof
Par
ti
ti
onofBengal
by
KingGeor
geV
i
n
Appointmentof
Ralei
ghUniver
sit
yCommission
1911
(1902)
(I
ndi
anUniversi
ti
esAct,1904waspassedasper
therecommendationofthi
scommi ssi
on) Tr
ansf
erofcapi
tal
from
Cal
cut
ta
to
Del
hi
(1911)
Anci
entMonument
sPr
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ionAct1904 Parti
ti
onofBengal
tof
orm Bi
harandOr
issapr
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nce
(1912)
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ocur
bfr
eepr
ess
Wor
ldWarI
(
1914–18)
SecondDel
hiDur
bar
(
outof3)i
n1903
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aMar
uinci
dent
(
1914)
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ntmentofPol
i
ceCommi
ssi
onunder
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rAndr
ew
Fr
azer
i
n1902 McMahonbor
derl
i
ne
wascr
eat
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weenI
ndi
aand
Chi
nai
n1914
Cr
eat
ionof
Nor
th-
WestFr
ont
ierPr
ovi
nce
i
n1901
GhadarMut
iny
(1915)
2ndSwadeshiMovement
(1905–1911)agai
nst
Par
ti
ti
on
ofBengal
by Lal
BalPal
-Aurbi
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camebackt
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om Sout
hAf
ri
cai
n
1915
Benar
asHinduGir
lsSchool
(KanyaVidy
alay
a)was
est
abl
ishedby
AnnieBesant
in1904 Foundat
ionof
HinduMahasabha
by
MadanMohan
Malvi
ya
(1915)
Younghusbandexpedi
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under
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anci
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n1903–04 Foundat
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ounded
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ver
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n
1921
Chauri
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ainci
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(
1922)andwi
thdr
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Non-
cooper
ati
onmovement
by
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For
mat
ionof
Swar
ajPar
ty
i
n1923
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mentofLeeCommi
ssi
oni
n1923onpubl
i
c
ser
vicesref
orms[18]
Rail
waybudget
wassepar
atedf
rom gener
albudget
si
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1924(t
histr
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onconti
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For
mat i
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(
1916)
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of1919
Fi
rstWomen'
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ty(SNDTWomen' sUni
versi
ty)
at
Pune
wasf
oundedby DhondoKeshavKar
ve
(1916)
LucknowPact
(1916)(
between
Indi
anNat
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Congress
and
Musli
m League)
Champar anSatyagraha
(1917),
the
fi
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sat
y agr
aha mov ementledby
Mahat
ma
Gandhi
in Br
it
ishIndia
AugustDecl
arat
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1917
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(1917)
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agu–Chel
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(1919)
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(
1919)
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l
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1919)
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afatMovement
(
1919–20)(
lat
ermer
gedwi
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Non-
cooperat
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i
n1920)
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cooper
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(
1920–22)
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m Uni
ver
sit
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n1920
I
mperial
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now
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I
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abl
ishedi
n1921)
Fr
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dWoodI
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li
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monCommi
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(1928) Second
RoundTabl
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(1931)
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(1928) Announcementof
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Ramsay
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Lal
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patRai
(1928) MacDonald
(1932)
Four
teenPoi
ntsofJi
nnah
(1929) PoonaPact
bet
ween
Mahat
maGandhi
and
B.R.
Ambedkar
i
n1932
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naSwar
aj
decl
arat
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(1929)
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rd
RoundTabl
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(1932)
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(1929)
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stanDecl
arat
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(1933)
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Cent
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Legisl
ati
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on8Apr
il1929
by
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ngh
and Bat
ukeshwarDut
t Foundat
ionof
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stPar
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i
n1934
"
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Declar
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togr
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ndi
aAct1935
I
ndi
adominionst
atusinduecour
se) For
mat
ionof
Al
lIndi
aKi
sanSabha
i
n1936
Appoi
ntmentof"
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ogCommi tt
ee"( 1929)t
osur
veyt
he Reser
veBankofI
ndi
a est
abl
i
shedbypassi
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The
gr
owthofeducat
ioni
n Br
it
ishI
ndia[19] Reser
veBankofI
ndi
aAct1934.
Launchi
ngof
Civ
ildi
sobedi
ence
mov
ementwi
th
Sal
t
March (
1930)
Dhar
asanaSat
yagr
aha
(1930)
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r
Al
l
st
RoundTabl
ahabadAddr
eConf
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by
er
Si
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(1930)
rMuhammadI
qbal
(1930)
Vi
ctorLi
nli
thgow
I
ndi
anpr
ovi
nci
alel
ect
ions
(1937)
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tt
agongar
mour
yrai
d i
n1930
I
ndi
anent
ryi
ntoWor
ldWarI
I
(1939)
Gandhi
–Ir
winPact
(
1931)
DayofDel
i
ver
ance
(1939)
Executi
onof BhagatSingh,
Shi
var
am Raj
gur
u,
and SukhdevThapar
(1931) For
mat
ionof
Al
lIndi
aFor
war
dBl
oc
(1939)
Lahor
eResol
uti
on
(1940)
AugustOf
fer
(
1940)
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ippsMi
ssi
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(1942)
For
mat
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I
ndi
anLegi
on
(1942)
Qui
tIndi
aMov
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(
1942)
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mat
ionof
I
ndi
anNat
ional
Army
(1942)
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fami
ne
(1943)
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chi
bal
dWav
ell
C.R.f
ormul
a (
1944)
Shi
mlaConf
erence
(1945)
WW I
Iended(
1945)
I
ndi
anNat
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Army(
INA)t
ri
als
i
n1945-
1946
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netMi
ssi
on
(1946)
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rectAct
ionDay
(16August1946)
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nter
im Gov
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wasf
ormedi
n1946
Roy
alI
ndi
anNav
ymut
iny
(1946)
Loui
sMount
bat
ten
I
ndianI
ndependenceAct1947
waspassedon18Jul
y
1947.
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if
feCommi ssi
on wasappoint
edunderthe
chai
rmanshi
pof Cyri
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if
fe
todemarcatethebor
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l
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and
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ov i
nce
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rstGov
ernor
-Gener
alofI
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ndi
a
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agopal
achar
i
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ernor
-Gener
alofIndi
a,bef
oret
heof
fi
ce
waspermanentl
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ishedin1950